Proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in rabbits in Southern Brazil / Enteropatia proliferativa por Lawsonia intracellularis em coelhos no Sul do Brasil

Proliferative enteropathy (PE), also known as ileitis, is a disease caused by the bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. This disease is characterized by diarrhea and ill-thrift. The aim of this study is to describe a PE outbreak in rabbits that occurred in Southern Brazil. The farm had 700 rabbits at the time the outbreak occurred. The clinical signs were severe diarrhea, dehydration, and apathy. Necropsy was performed in 33 rabbits, and the most evident macroscopic findings were thickening of the intestinal wall, intestinal loops distended by large amounts of gas, and liquid feces. Histopathological examination demonstrated a marked proliferation of enterocytes in intestinal crypts, decrease number of goblet cells, and crypts microabscesses. Silver impregnation technique (Warthin-Starry) demonstrated in intestinal crypts inside of enterocytes cytoplasm, curved vibrioid bacteria compatible with L. intracellularis. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-L. intracellularis confirmed the agent presence. PCR was performed and L. intracellularis was confirmed as the etiological agent.

A enteropatia proliferativa (EP), também conhecida como ileíte, é uma doença causada pela bactéria Lawsonia intracellularis, que é caracterizada por diarreia com redução do ganho de peso. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um surto de EP em coelhos na região sul do Brasil. A propriedade possuía 700 coelhos, durante o período do surto. O quadro clínico caracterizava-se por diarreia severa, desidratação e apatia. Realizou-se o exame de necropsia em 33 coelhos, e as alterações macroscópicas mais evidentes eram: alças intestinais acentuadamente distendidas por gás e fezes líquidas, além de serosa rugosa e parede intestinal moderadamente espessada. Na análise histopatológica do intestino delgado visualizou se marcada hiperplasia de enterócitos de criptas, moderada diminuição do número de células caliciformes e microabscessos de criptas. A etiologia das lesões foi confirmada pela técnica de impregnação pela prata (Warthin-Starry), evidenciando bactérias vibrioides compatíveis com L. intracellularis no ápicede enterócitos das criptas intestinais. Ainda, foi obtida imunomarcação positiva de enterócitos de criptas na imuno-histoquímica com anticorpo anti-L. intracellularis e a PCR positiva em amostras de intestino.

Glossite por Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli em um equino / Glossitis by Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli in an equine

Background: Actinobacillosis in adult horses is rare, and is often associated with infection due to Actinobacillus equulisubsp. equuli, which is a commensal organism inhabiting the oral cavity of healthy animals. It is an opportunistic pathogen,and the infection usually occurs secondary to another primary disease or due to predisposing factors such as pre-existinglesions, mainly in the oral cavity. Infection may be associated with peritonitis, bacterial endocarditis, pneumonia, enteritis,infectious periorchitis, abortion, and septicemia. This paper aims to describe the clinical, microbiological, and pathologicalaspects of actinobacillosis in the oral cavity of a horse.Case: A case of actinobacillosis has been reported in a 22-year-old gelding Quarter Horse. According to the owner, theanimal presented with progressive weight loss during the previous three months, and leakage of food from the oral cavity.Examination of the oral cavity revealed sharp enamel overgrowths, which had been corrected during a previous dentalprocedure. However, five days after the procedure, the animal developed halitosis. Ceftiofur sodium (4.4 mg/kg intramuscularly, every 24 h) was prescribed; two days after the commencement of antimicrobial therapy, the animal presented withsialorrhea, bilateral submandibular lymphadenomegaly, protrusion of the tongue, edema of the base of the tongue, cheeks,and gums, in addition to black-colored sores and scales in the oral mucosa, particularly affecting the base of the tongue andgums. Samples from ulcerative lesions found at the base of the tongue and gums were collected using sterile swabs, andculture and antibiogram were requested. Microbiological culture led to the growth of small colonies measuring less than5 mm in diameter, that were non-hemolytic, slightly whitish in color but non-opaque, smooth and bright in appearance.These were identified as gram-negative rods on microscopy, and further characterized...

Glossite por Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli em um equino / Glossitis by Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli in an equine

Background: Actinobacillosis in adult horses is rare, and is often associated with infection due to Actinobacillus equulisubsp. equuli, which is a commensal organism inhabiting the oral cavity of healthy animals. It is an opportunistic pathogen,and the infection usually occurs secondary to another primary disease or due to predisposing factors such as pre-existinglesions, mainly in the oral cavity. Infection may be associated with peritonitis, bacterial endocarditis, pneumonia, enteritis,infectious periorchitis, abortion, and septicemia. This paper aims to describe the clinical, microbiological, and pathologicalaspects of actinobacillosis in the oral cavity of a horse.Case: A case of actinobacillosis has been reported in a 22-year-old gelding Quarter Horse. According to the owner, theanimal presented with progressive weight loss during the previous three months, and leakage of food from the oral cavity.Examination of the oral cavity revealed sharp enamel overgrowths, which had been corrected during a previous dentalprocedure. However, five days after the procedure, the animal developed halitosis. Ceftiofur sodium (4.4 mg/kg intramuscularly, every 24 h) was prescribed; two days after the commencement of antimicrobial therapy, the animal presented withsialorrhea, bilateral submandibular lymphadenomegaly, protrusion of the tongue, edema of the base of the tongue, cheeks,and gums, in addition to black-colored sores and scales in the oral mucosa, particularly affecting the base of the tongue andgums. Samples from ulcerative lesions found at the base of the tongue and gums were collected using sterile swabs, andculture and antibiogram were requested. Microbiological culture led to the growth of small colonies measuring less than5 mm in diameter, that were non-hemolytic, slightly whitish in color but non-opaque, smooth and bright in appearance.These were identified as gram-negative rods on microscopy, and further characterized...(AU)

Proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in rabbits in Southern Brazil / Enteropatia proliferativa por Lawsonia intracellularis em coelhos no Sul do Brasil

Proliferative enteropathy (PE), also known as ileitis, is a disease caused by the bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. This disease is characterized by diarrhea and ill-thrift. The aim of this study is to describe a PE outbreak in rabbits that occurred in Southern Brazil. The farm had 700 rabbits at the time the outbreak occurred. The clinical signs were severe diarrhea, dehydration, and apathy. Necropsy was performed in 33 rabbits, and the most evident macroscopic findings were thickening of the intestinal wall, intestinal loops distended by large amounts of gas, and liquid feces. Histopathological examination demonstrated a marked proliferation of enterocytes in intestinal crypts, decrease number of goblet cells, and crypts microabscesses. Silver impregnation technique (Warthin-Starry) demonstrated in intestinal crypts inside of enterocytes cytoplasm, curved vibrioid bacteria compatible with L. intracellularis. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-L. intracellularis confirmed the agent presence. PCR was performed and L. intracellularis was confirmed as the etiological agent.(AU)

A enteropatia proliferativa (EP), também conhecida como ileíte, é uma doença causada pela bactéria Lawsonia intracellularis, que é caracterizada por diarreia com redução do ganho de peso. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um surto de EP em coelhos na região sul do Brasil. A propriedade possuía 700 coelhos, durante o período do surto. O quadro clínico caracterizava-se por diarreia severa, desidratação e apatia. Realizou-se o exame de necropsia em 33 coelhos, e as alterações macroscópicas mais evidentes eram: alças intestinais acentuadamente distendidas por gás e fezes líquidas, além de serosa rugosa e parede intestinal moderadamente espessada. Na análise histopatológica do intestino delgado visualizou se marcada hiperplasia de enterócitos de criptas, moderada diminuição do número de células caliciformes e microabscessos de criptas. A etiologia das lesões foi confirmada pela técnica de impregnação pela prata (Warthin-Starry), evidenciando bactérias vibrioides compatíveis com L. intracellularis no ápicede enterócitos das criptas intestinais. Ainda, foi obtida imunomarcação positiva de enterócitos de criptas na imuno-histoquímica com anticorpo anti-L. intracellularis e a PCR positiva em amostras de intestino.(AU)

Meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri in cattle in southern Brazil / Meningoencefalite por Naegleria fowleri em um bovino no sul do Brasil

Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba commonly found in the environment, mainly in fresh water and soil. This protozoon is occasionally involved in cases of fatal central nervous system disease in humans and other animal species. We describe here a case of meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri in cattle, in southern Brazil. A four-year-old Angus cow presented a clinical history of initial mild neurological signs that progressed to paddling movements, opisthotonus and lateral recumbency after five days. This animal had been kept in an irrigated rice stubble paddock. Grossly, the main lesions consisted of multiple areas of malacia in the right olfactory bulb, piriform lobes, hippocampus, frontal lobe cortex and fornix, along with severe thickening of the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon leptomeninges. Microscopically, severe multifocal necrosuppurative and hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis associated with a large quantity of amoebic trophozoites was present. The latter were confirmed to be Naegleria spp., through immunohistochemistry. Based on the strong congruence with the histopathological data of known cases reported in the literature, a probable association with Naegleria fowleri was established. To our knowledge, this is only the second report of Naegleria fowleri-associated meningoencephalitis in cattle in South America, and it is the first in southern Brazil.(AU)

Naegleria fowleri é uma ameba de vida livre, comumente encontrada no meio ambiente, principalmente em água doce e no solo. Este protozoário é ocasionalmente associado a casos fatais de doença do sistema nervoso central em seres humanos e espécies animais. No presente trabalho, um caso de meningoencefalite por Naegleria fowleri em um bovino na região sul do Brasil é descrito. Uma vaca Angus, de quatro anos de idade apresentou histórico clínico caracterizado inicialmente por sinais neurológicos leves que progrediram para movimentos de pedalagem, opistótono e decúbito lateral após cinco dias. Este animal era mantido em um piquete em resteva de arroz irrigado. Macroscopicamente, as principais lesões foram caracterizadas por múltiplas áreas de malacia no bulbo olfatório direito, lobos piriformes, hipocampo, córtex do lobo frontal e no fórnix, bem como acentuado espessamento das leptomeninges do mesencéfalo e rombencéfalo. Microscopicamente, meningoencefalite necrossupurativa e hemorrágica associada à grande número de trofozoítos amebianos foram observadas. Estes foram confirmados como Naegleria spp. através de imuno-histoquímica. Baseado na forte congruência apresentada entre os dados histopatológicos provenientes de casos conhecidos publicados na literatura, uma provável associação com Naegleria fowleri foi estabelecida. O presente trabalho trata-se do segundo relato de meningoencefalite associada à Naegleria fowleri em bovinos na América do Sul e o primeiro na região sul do Brasil.(AU)

Cardiac rhabdomyoma in a slaughtered pig / Rabdomioma cardíaco em um suíno de abate

Rhabdomyoma is a rare neoplasm of striated muscle that occurs predominantly in the myocardium. In animals, cardiac rhabdomyoma are observed as incidental lesions in slaughter pigs and have been rarely described in other species, such as cattle, dogs, and deer. This report describes a case of cardiac rhabdomyoma in a male pig at slaughter age that died suddenly in the pre-slaughter period. At necropsy, multiple nodules were observed in the right and left ventricular walls and the interventricular septum. Histopathological examination showed neoplastic proliferation composed of polyhedral cells, with vacuolated cytoplasm that sometimes presented a spider cell appearance. Histochemical staining with Schiffs periodic acid revealed glycogen granules in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells. The neoplastic cells were positive for desmin, neuron-specific enolase, atrial natriuretic peptide, and vimentin by immunohistochemistry, to varying degrees. The anatomopathological and immunohistochemical findings observed in this case confirmed the diagnosis of cardiac rhabdomyoma, possibly originating from the Purkinje fibers.(AU)

Rabdomioma é um neoplasma raro de músculo estriado que ocorre predominantemente no miocárdio. Em animais rabdomiomas cardíacos são observados como lesões incidentais em suínos de abate, raramente descrito em outras espécies como bovinos, cães e cervos. Neste relato descreve-se um caso de rabdomioma cardíaco em um suíno, macho, em idade de abate que morreu subitamente no período pré-abate. Na necropsia visualizou-se múltiplos nódulos nas paredes ventriculares direita e esquerda, e septo interventricular. O exame histopatológico mostrou proliferação neoplásica composta por células poliédricas, com citoplasma vacuolizado que por vezes apresentavam aspecto de célula de aranha. Na coloração histoquímica de ácido periódico de Schiff evidenciaram-se grânulos de glicogênio no citoplasma das células neoplásicas. As células neoplásicas foram imunorreativas na imuno-histoquímica para desmina, enolase neurônio específica, peptídeo natriurético atrial e vimentina em diferentes graus. Os achados anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos observados neste caso confirmam o diagnóstico de rabdomioma cardíaco, possivelmente com origem das fibras de Purkinje.(AU)

Nasal peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a heifer: case report / Tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo periférico na cavidade nasal em uma novilha: relato de caso

This report described the clinical signs, pathological and immunohistochemical findings associated with a peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) in the nasal cavity of a heifer. The heifer exhibited severe breathing difficulty and dysphagia, which were increased over the last thirty days. At autopsy, a large, firm, and whitish mass was found occupying the left frontal sinus and most of the left nasal cavity. Histologically, a malignant neoplastic proliferation was observed, which was composed of small cells typically arranged in nests and mantles, occasionally arranged in palisade, interspersed with moderate connective stroma. The neoplastic cells exhibited strong immunoreactivity to synaptophysin, mild, multifocal immunoreactivity to neuron-specific enolase and vimentin, with moderate, and multifocal immunoreactivity S-100 protein. These findings suggest that pPNETs should be included in the differential diagnosis of proliferative and obstructive lesions in the nasal cavity of young cattle.(AU)

Este relato descreve os sinais clínicos, achados patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos associados a um tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo periférico (pPNET) na cavidade nasal de uma novilha. A novilha apresentava dificuldade respiratória e de deglutição, com evolução de trinta dias. Na autópsia, no seio frontal esquerdo e ocupando quase toda a cavidade nasal esquerda foi observada uma grande massa firme e esbranquiçada. Histologicamente, observou-se proliferação neoplásica maligna composta de pequenas células dispostas em ninhos e manto, ocasionalmente em paliçada, intercaladas por estroma conjuntivo moderado. As células neoplásicas exibiram intensa imunomarcação para sinaptofisina, marcação leve e multifocal para enolase neurônio especifica e vimentina, com multifocal e moderada imunorreação para a proteína S-100. Esses achados sugerem que o pPNET deve ser incluído no diagnóstico diferencial de lesões proliferativas e obstrutivas na cavidade nasal de bovinos jovens.(AU)

Equine nasopharyngeal cryptococcoma due to Cryptococcus gattii / Criptocoma nasofaríngeo equino devido a Cryptococcus gattii

Cryptococcus gattii is often associated with pulmonary and systemic infections in humans and animals. In this research we report a case of nasopharyngeal cryptococoma caused by C. gatti in an equine. A 10-year-old mare presented a mass obstructing the oropharynx. Macroscopically the mass was asymmetric, and was attached to the ethmoidal sinuses and obstructed the oropharynx. Histopathological examination of the mass revealed multiple yeast cells ranging from spherical to oval, 4-8m in diameter, with some of them showing narrow base polar budding. Cryptococcus gattii growth in mycological culture (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar) and was L-canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue Agar positive. The molecular identification confirmed the isolate as C. gattii by means of the amplification of universal primers. C. gattii is considered an emerging fungal agent, as it affects human and animals and does not respond efficiently to commonly established treatments.

Cryptococcus gattii é frequentemente associada a infecções pulmonares e sistêmicas em humanos e animais. Neste relato descreve-se um caso de criptococoma nasofaríngeo por C. gatti em um equino. Uma égua de 10 anos, apresentou uma massa obstruindo a orofaringe. Macroscopicamente a massa era assimétrica, e estava aderida aos seios etmoidais obstruindo a orofaringe. O exame histopatológico da massa revelou múltiplas células leveduriformes variando de esféricas a ovais, de 4-8m de diâmetro, com algumas delas apresentando brotação polar de base estreita. Cryptococcus gattii foi isolado na cultura micológica (Ágar sabouraud dextrose) e foi positivo no Ágar L-canavanina-glicina-azul de bromotimol. A identificação molecular confirmou o isolado como C. gattii por meio da amplificação de primers universais. O diagnóstico de criptococoma por C. gattii nasofaríngeo foi baseado nos sinais clínicos, achados macroscópicos, lesões histológicas, cultura micológica e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase. O C. gattii é considerado um agente fúngico emergente, pois acometendo humanos e animais, não respondendo com eficiência aos tratamentos comumente estabelecidos.

Renal dysplasia in dogs: retrospective study (2008-2013) / Displasia renal em cães: estudo retrospectivo (2008-2013)

Background: Renal dysplasia, which has been reported in some dogs and human patients, refers to a developmental disorder of renal parenchyma due to imperfect inductive interaction between the mesonephric duct and the metanephric blastemal. In dogs, the characteristic histological findings on which diagnosis is based include (1) persistent metanephric ducts surrounded by primitive mesenchyme, (2) fetal or immature glomeruli, (3) fetal or immature tubules, and (4) anomalous presence of interstitial fibrous tissue. The aim of this study was to report the major pathological and immunohistochemical features of nine young dogs necropsied with renal dysplasia.Cases: The necropsy files from the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) of the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT) were reviewed between the years 2008 and 2013. Dogs diagnosed with chronic kidney failure and macroscopic and histopathological renal lesions consistent with renal dysplasia were selected. Kidney fragments in paraffin blocks were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using anti-vimentin and anti-cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies. The staining was considered positive for the presence of at least one renal cell marked with brown cytoplasmic staining clear and unambiguous. A total of 787 necropsies of dogs were performed. Of these, 64 had a clinical diagnosis of [...]

Equine nasopharyngeal cryptococcoma due to Cryptococcus gattii / Criptocoma nasofaríngeo equino devido a Cryptococcus gattii

Cryptococcus gattii is often associated with pulmonary and systemic infections in humans and animals. In this research we report a case of nasopharyngeal cryptococoma caused by C. gatti in an equine. A 10-year-old mare presented a mass obstructing the oropharynx. Macroscopically the mass was asymmetric, and was attached to the ethmoidal sinuses and obstructed the oropharynx. Histopathological examination of the mass revealed multiple yeast cells ranging from spherical to oval, 4-8m in diameter, with some of them showing narrow base polar budding. Cryptococcus gattii growth in mycological culture (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar) and was L-canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue Agar positive. The molecular identification confirmed the isolate as C. gattii by means of the amplification of universal primers. C. gattii is considered an emerging fungal agent, as it affects human and animals and does not respond efficiently to commonly established treatments.(AU)

Cryptococcus gattii é frequentemente associada a infecções pulmonares e sistêmicas em humanos e animais. Neste relato descreve-se um caso de criptococoma nasofaríngeo por C. gatti em um equino. Uma égua de 10 anos, apresentou uma massa obstruindo a orofaringe. Macroscopicamente a massa era assimétrica, e estava aderida aos seios etmoidais obstruindo a orofaringe. O exame histopatológico da massa revelou múltiplas células leveduriformes variando de esféricas a ovais, de 4-8m de diâmetro, com algumas delas apresentando brotação polar de base estreita. Cryptococcus gattii foi isolado na cultura micológica (Ágar sabouraud dextrose) e foi positivo no Ágar L-canavanina-glicina-azul de bromotimol. A identificação molecular confirmou o isolado como C. gattii por meio da amplificação de primers universais. O diagnóstico de criptococoma por C. gattii nasofaríngeo foi baseado nos sinais clínicos, achados macroscópicos, lesões histológicas, cultura micológica e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase. O C. gattii é considerado um agente fúngico emergente, pois acometendo humanos e animais, não respondendo com eficiência aos tratamentos comumente estabelecidos.(AU)

Renal dysplasia in dogs: retrospective study (2008-2013) / Displasia renal em cães: estudo retrospectivo (2008-2013)

Background: Renal dysplasia, which has been reported in some dogs and human patients, refers to a developmental disorder of renal parenchyma due to imperfect inductive interaction between the mesonephric duct and the metanephric blastemal. In dogs, the characteristic histological findings on which diagnosis is based include (1) persistent metanephric ducts surrounded by primitive mesenchyme, (2) fetal or immature glomeruli, (3) fetal or immature tubules, and (4) anomalous presence of interstitial fibrous tissue. The aim of this study was to report the major pathological and immunohistochemical features of nine young dogs necropsied with renal dysplasia.Cases: The necropsy files from the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) of the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT) were reviewed between the years 2008 and 2013. Dogs diagnosed with chronic kidney failure and macroscopic and histopathological renal lesions consistent with renal dysplasia were selected. Kidney fragments in paraffin blocks were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using anti-vimentin and anti-cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies. The staining was considered positive for the presence of at least one renal cell marked with brown cytoplasmic staining clear and unambiguous. A total of 787 necropsies of dogs were performed. Of these, 64 had a clinical diagnosis of [...](AU)

Cholangiocarcinoma in an American Rhea (Rhea Americana araneipes) / Colangiocarcinoma em uma ema

Cholangiocarcinomas are neoplasms that originate from the bile duct epithelium. The present case described a cholangiocarcinoma in an adult female American Rhea (Rhea Americana araneipes) by means of gross, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Irregular, firm, multifocal, yellow-white masses, measuring from 0.4 to 6cm in diameter were observed in both liver lobes. At the cut surface, multiple firm nodules filled with connective tissue were present. Microscopically, the neoplasia was composed of small, irregular, gland-like structures of neoplastic cells surrounded by connective tissue. The cells resembled epithelial cells of the hepatic biliary ducts. Neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin. This is the first report of a malignant fatal neoplasia in an American Rhea.(AU)

Colangiocarcinomas são neoplasias originárias do epitélio do ducto biliar. O presente caso descreve os achados macroscópicos, microscópicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um colangiocarcinoma em uma ema fêmea (Rhea americana araneipes). No fígado, massas irregulares, firmes, multifocais, de coloração amarelo-esbranquiçada, medindo de 0,4 a 6cm de diâmetro foram observadas em ambos os lobos. Ao corte, múltiplos nódulos firmes preenchidos por tecido conjuntivo foram observados. Microscopicamente, a neoplasia era composta de células pequenas, irregulares, semelhantes às células do epitélio biliar, que formavam estruturas glandulares. A imuno-histoquímica foi positiva para citoqueratina e negativa para vimentina. Este trabalho constitui o primeiro relato de uma neoplasia maligna fatal em uma ema.(AU)

Outbreak of cumarin poisoning in suckling piglets / Surto de intoxicação por cumarínico em leitões de maternidade

Background: Cumarin, also called warfarin, is used as an anticoagulant rodenticide. Pigs can be accidentally poisoned by ingestion of baits and/or dead rodents contaminated with cumarin and/or its criminal use. The clinical signs typically begin one to three days after ingestion of the rodenticide, when subcutaneous hematomas, epistaxis, among others symptoms, can be observed. The macroscopic and microscopic changes consist mainly of widespread hemorrhages in several organs. The objective of the present study is to report a rare case of cumarin poisoning in suckling piglets.Case: Four male piglets 18 days old were examined in the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The animals came from a farrowing unit located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with a history of sudden death in piglets from different litters. The animals were submitted to necropsy. On external examination, the piglets had marked pallor of the oral and conjunctival mucosa and multiple petechiae and bruises on the skin of the ventral abdomen and bleeding on the white line of the hoof. During the internal examination, it was identified that there were multiple areas of hemorrhage in the subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscles besides the thymus, liver, stomach, pancreas, bladder, kidney, heart and cerebellum. The mesenteric and inguinal lymph nodes, testicles and...(AU)

Derivados cumarínicos, também chamados varfarínicos, são compostos da cumarina utilizados como rodenticidas anticoagulantes em granjas de suínos como forma de controle de roedores [7]. Suínos podem se intoxicar acidentalmente através da ingestão de iscas e/ou roedores mortos por estas substâncias, ou pelo uso criminoso das mesmas [6]. Esses compostos inibem de forma competitiva a vitamina K epóxi redutase, enzima necessária para converter a vitamina K epóxi à sua forma reduzida, que é necessária para ativação dos fatores de coagulação II, VII, IX e X, consequentemente, a coagulação é comprometida [7]. A ingestão de 3 mg/kg em dose única pode ser suficiente para levar à intoxicação de suínos [2]. Já as doses de 0,05 mg/kg, se ingeridas por sete dias, também podem intoxicar os animais [5]. Os sinais clínicos normalmente surgem um a três dias após ingestão do raticida, sendo observados principalmente hematomas subcutâneos e epistaxe. As alterações macroscópicas e microscópicas consistem de hemorragias disseminadas em diversos órgãos [6]. O diagnóstico diferencial deve incluir carência de vitamina K; tratamento com quimioterápicos por períodos prolongados; intoxicação por chumbo, fosfato de zinco, ricina (da mamona), aflatoxinas e venenos ofídicos [6] e, principalmente, trombocitopenia púrpura dos leitões [9]. Dessa forma, a descrição de um surto de intoxicação por cumarínico pode...(AU)

Chronic copper toxicity in sheep fed grape marc / Intoxicação crônica por cobre em ovinos alimentados com bagaço de uva

Background: Sheep are very sensitive to excess copper, and therefore, cases of poisoning are frequently seen in this species. The chronic form of poisoning is the most often reported in this species, and is characterized by a subclinical stage, in which copper accumulates in the liver for weeks or even months, and an acute phase, which progresses with the release of hepatic copper in the bloodstream, culminating in intravascular hemolysis, anemia, jaundice and hemoglobinuria. The aim of this paper is to describe an outbreak of chronic copper poisoning in Texel sheep, fed grape marc. Case: A visit to a farm located in Westfalia, Rio Grande do Sul was performed in order to investigate the cause of the death of 15 Texel sheep of different ages, out of a flock of 75 animals, in the interval of one month. The sheep were fed on grape marc, native grass and corn bran. Clinical signs of hemoglobinuria and apathy were recorded in the affected sheep. Two sheep were necropsied (Sheep 1 and 2), and fragments of tissues were collected in 10% formalin solution and processed in routine histological techniques. The slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin technique, and additionally, the liver slides were stained with rubeanic acid and Prussian blue. Fragments of the liver of the sheep submitted to necropsy, as well as samples of grape marc that the sheep were consuming were taken to...(AU)

Chronic copper toxicity in sheep fed grape marc / Intoxicação crônica por cobre em ovinos alimentados com bagaço de uva

Background: Sheep are very sensitive to excess copper, and therefore, cases of poisoning are frequently seen in this species. The chronic form of poisoning is the most often reported in this species, and is characterized by a subclinical stage, in which copper accumulates in the liver for weeks or even months, and an acute phase, which progresses with the release of hepatic copper in the bloodstream, culminating in intravascular hemolysis, anemia, jaundice and hemoglobinuria. The aim of this paper is to describe an outbreak of chronic copper poisoning in Texel sheep, fed grape marc. Case: A visit to a farm located in Westfalia, Rio Grande do Sul was performed in order to investigate the cause of the death of 15 Texel sheep of different ages, out of a flock of 75 animals, in the interval of one month. The sheep were fed on grape marc, native grass and corn bran. Clinical signs of hemoglobinuria and apathy were recorded in the affected sheep. Two sheep were necropsied (Sheep 1 and 2), and fragments of tissues were collected in 10% formalin solution and processed in routine histological techniques. The slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin technique, and additionally, the liver slides were stained with rubeanic acid and Prussian blue. Fragments of the liver of the sheep submitted to necropsy, as well as samples of grape marc that the sheep were consuming were taken to...

Outbreak of cumarin poisoning in suckling piglets / Surto de intoxicação por cumarínico em leitões de maternidade

Background: Cumarin, also called warfarin, is used as an anticoagulant rodenticide. Pigs can be accidentally poisoned by ingestion of baits and/or dead rodents contaminated with cumarin and/or its criminal use. The clinical signs typically begin one to three days after ingestion of the rodenticide, when subcutaneous hematomas, epistaxis, among others symptoms, can be observed. The macroscopic and microscopic changes consist mainly of widespread hemorrhages in several organs. The objective of the present study is to report a rare case of cumarin poisoning in suckling piglets.Case: Four male piglets 18 days old were examined in the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The animals came from a farrowing unit located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with a history of sudden death in piglets from different litters. The animals were submitted to necropsy. On external examination, the piglets had marked pallor of the oral and conjunctival mucosa and multiple petechiae and bruises on the skin of the ventral abdomen and bleeding on the white line of the hoof. During the internal examination, it was identified that there were multiple areas of hemorrhage in the subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscles besides the thymus, liver, stomach, pancreas, bladder, kidney, heart and cerebellum. The mesenteric and inguinal lymph nodes, testicles and...

Derivados cumarínicos, também chamados varfarínicos, são compostos da cumarina utilizados como rodenticidas anticoagulantes em granjas de suínos como forma de controle de roedores [7]. Suínos podem se intoxicar acidentalmente através da ingestão de iscas e/ou roedores mortos por estas substâncias, ou pelo uso criminoso das mesmas [6]. Esses compostos inibem de forma competitiva a vitamina K epóxi redutase, enzima necessária para converter a vitamina K epóxi à sua forma reduzida, que é necessária para ativação dos fatores de coagulação II, VII, IX e X, consequentemente, a coagulação é comprometida [7]. A ingestão de 3 mg/kg em dose única pode ser suficiente para levar à intoxicação de suínos [2]. Já as doses de 0,05 mg/kg, se ingeridas por sete dias, também podem intoxicar os animais [5]. Os sinais clínicos normalmente surgem um a três dias após ingestão do raticida, sendo observados principalmente hematomas subcutâneos e epistaxe. As alterações macroscópicas e microscópicas consistem de hemorragias disseminadas em diversos órgãos [6]. O diagnóstico diferencial deve incluir carência de vitamina K; tratamento com quimioterápicos por períodos prolongados; intoxicação por chumbo, fosfato de zinco, ricina (da mamona), aflatoxinas e venenos ofídicos [6] e, principalmente, trombocitopenia púrpura dos leitões [9]. Dessa forma, a descrição de um surto de intoxicação por cumarínico pode...

Multicentric T cell lymphoma in a quarter horse / Linfoma de células T multicêntrico em um equino quarto de milha

Background: Equine lymphoma is the most common haematopoietic neoplasm in horses which can present a variety of clinical signs and course. The incidence of this neoplasia is of 0.7-3.2/100,000 horses. The major clinical manifestations depend on the degree of the organ involvement, the specific organs involved in an individual patient and duration of the disease. In general, the most common signs are weight loss, cachexia, ventral and limb subcutaneous edema, regional lymphadenopathy, depression, lethargy and recurrent fever. The purpose of the current study is to report a single case of equine lymphoma, classify this case via morphology and immunophenotyping according to the veterinary adaptation of the WHO guidelines. Case: A 19-year-old, female quarter horse showed clinical sings characterized by anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea, noisy breathing at rest, swelling in the cervical and ventral region and subcutaneous nodules. The veterinarian suspected of neoplasia. Hematological and biochemical tests were requested by the owner. The animal was euthanized due to worsening of symptoms. Macroscopically, was observed an increase of the pre-scapular and pre-crural lymph nodes and nodules in the left scapular, on the inner thigh and perineum region. On the ventral surface of the spleen was increased size of lymph nodes which showed a reddish white color. In the kidney, was observed...(AU)

Multicentric T cell lymphoma in a quarter horse / Linfoma de células T multicêntrico em um equino quarto de milha

Background: Equine lymphoma is the most common haematopoietic neoplasm in horses which can present a variety of clinical signs and course. The incidence of this neoplasia is of 0.7-3.2/100,000 horses. The major clinical manifestations depend on the degree of the organ involvement, the specific organs involved in an individual patient and duration of the disease. In general, the most common signs are weight loss, cachexia, ventral and limb subcutaneous edema, regional lymphadenopathy, depression, lethargy and recurrent fever. The purpose of the current study is to report a single case of equine lymphoma, classify this case via morphology and immunophenotyping according to the veterinary adaptation of the WHO guidelines. Case: A 19-year-old, female quarter horse showed clinical sings characterized by anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea, noisy breathing at rest, swelling in the cervical and ventral region and subcutaneous nodules. The veterinarian suspected of neoplasia. Hematological and biochemical tests were requested by the owner. The animal was euthanized due to worsening of symptoms. Macroscopically, was observed an increase of the pre-scapular and pre-crural lymph nodes and nodules in the left scapular, on the inner thigh and perineum region. On the ventral surface of the spleen was increased size of lymph nodes which showed a reddish white color. In the kidney, was observed...

Prevalência da enteropatia proliferativa suína causada por Lawsonia intracellularis em suínos abatidos no Estado de Mato Grosso / Prevalence of porcine proliferative enteropathy associated to Lawsonia intracellularis in pigs slaughtered in Mato Grosso State, Brazil

Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) is an infectious enteric disease that often affects pigs during the growing and finishing stages. Its etiological agent is the obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. This study evaluates PPE frequency and geographic distribution in Mato Grosso state, Brazil, based on PPE diagnosis and epidemiology data from pig herds. Materials, Methods & Results: An amount of 735 small intestine samples were collected from the ileum of finishing pigs and culling sows in three slaughterhouses that received animals from 14 breeding farms adopting very similar husbandry systems located in 11 municipalities in Mato Grosso state, Brazil, between August 2006 and July 2007. All samples were processed in the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, according to standard laboratory routines for histological analyses. These samples were stained using the hematoxilin-eosin (HE) procedures. Those sections that presented at least one of the characteristic histopathological lesions of EPS were evaluated by HE, Alcian blue and Warthin-Starry combined stain (CST) to detect Lawsonia intracellularis-like structures, inside enterocytes and also by immunohistochemistry (IHC) based on a polyclonal antibody. Upon initial histological examination, 124 samples (16.87%) presented histopathological lesions that met the L. intracellularis infection criteria. These 124 samples were analyzed using the CST and IHC protocols, which revealed 2 and 3 positive results, respectively. PPE prevalence in Mato Grosso state was 0.41% in slaughtered pigs, based on the original number of 735 samples analyzed. [...]

Prevalência da enteropatia proliferativa suína causada por Lawsonia intracellularis em suínos abatidos no Estado de Mato Grosso / Prevalence of porcine proliferative enteropathy associated to Lawsonia intracellularis in pigs slaughtered in Mato Grosso State, Brazil

Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) is an infectious enteric disease that often affects pigs during the growing and finishing stages. Its etiological agent is the obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. This study evaluates PPE frequency and geographic distribution in Mato Grosso state, Brazil, based on PPE diagnosis and epidemiology data from pig herds. Materials, Methods & Results: An amount of 735 small intestine samples were collected from the ileum of finishing pigs and culling sows in three slaughterhouses that received animals from 14 breeding farms adopting very similar husbandry systems located in 11 municipalities in Mato Grosso state, Brazil, between August 2006 and July 2007. All samples were processed in the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, according to standard laboratory routines for histological analyses. These samples were stained using the hematoxilin-eosin (HE) procedures. Those sections that presented at least one of the characteristic histopathological lesions of EPS were evaluated by HE, Alcian blue and Warthin-Starry combined stain (CST) to detect Lawsonia intracellularis-like structures, inside enterocytes and also by immunohistochemistry (IHC) based on a polyclonal antibody. Upon initial histological examination, 124 samples (16.87%) presented histopathological lesions that met the L. intracellularis infection criteria. These 124 samples were analyzed using the CST and IHC protocols, which revealed 2 and 3 positive results, respectively. PPE prevalence in Mato Grosso state was 0.41% in slaughtered pigs, based on the original number of 735 samples analyzed. [...](AU)