Resumo
The study of the hydro-physical behavior in soils using toposequences is of great importance for better understanding the soil, water and vegetation relationships. This study aims to assess the hydro-physical and morphological characterization of soil from a toposequence in Galia, state of São Paulo, Brazil). The plot covers an area of 10.24 ha (320 × 320 m), located in a semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Based on ultra-detailed soil and topographic maps of the area, a representative transect from the soil in the plot was chosen. Five profiles were opened for the morphological description of the soil horizons, and hydro-physical and micromorphological analyses were performed to characterize the soil. Arenic Haplustult, Arenic Haplustalf and Aquertic Haplustalf were the soil types observed in the plot. The superficial horizons had lower density and greater hydraulic conductivity, porosity and water retention in lower tensions than the deeper horizons. In the sub-superficial horizons, greater water retention at higher tensions and lower hydraulic conductivity were observed, due to structure type and greater clay content. The differences observed in the water retention curves between the sandy E and the clay B horizons were mainly due to the size distribution, shape and type of soil pores.
Resumo
The study of the hydro-physical behavior in soils using toposequences is of great importance for better understanding the soil, water and vegetation relationships. This study aims to assess the hydro-physical and morphological characterization of soil from a toposequence in Galia, state of São Paulo, Brazil). The plot covers an area of 10.24 ha (320 × 320 m), located in a semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Based on ultra-detailed soil and topographic maps of the area, a representative transect from the soil in the plot was chosen. Five profiles were opened for the morphological description of the soil horizons, and hydro-physical and micromorphological analyses were performed to characterize the soil. Arenic Haplustult, Arenic Haplustalf and Aquertic Haplustalf were the soil types observed in the plot. The superficial horizons had lower density and greater hydraulic conductivity, porosity and water retention in lower tensions than the deeper horizons. In the sub-superficial horizons, greater water retention at higher tensions and lower hydraulic conductivity were observed, due to structure type and greater clay content. The differences observed in the water retention curves between the sandy E and the clay B horizons were mainly due to the size distribution, shape and type of soil pores.
Resumo
The variation in the Ca:Mg ratio in amendments used to neutralize soil acidity is one way of altering the availability of those nutrients to the plants in acid soils. The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of different proportions of calcium and magnesium in the form of CaCO3 and MgCO3 on the nutrient uptake, and initial production of dry matter by corn plants. The study was carried out in greenhouse conditions, in Lages, SC, with a completely randomized experimental design, with three replications. The treatments were the application of equivalent to 21.0 t ha-1 of lime, using mixtures of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in several proportions to obtain different Ca:Mg ratios (1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1, 16:1 and 32:1), on a Humic Alic Cambisol, with 310 g kg-1 of clay. The application of treatments caused the following Ca:Mg ratios in the CEC: 1.1:1, 2.1:1, 4.0:1, 8.1:1, 16.4:1 and 31.8:1. The high concentrations of exchangeable Ca in soil caused by addition of lime with high Ca content inhibited the uptake of Mg and K by the corn plants. The increase in the soil Ca:Mg ratio reduced the dry matter production and height of plants in the initial stage of development.
A variação na relação Ca:Mg em corretivos da acidez do solo é uma das principais formas de alterar a disponibilidade desses nutrientes às plantas em solos ácidos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes proporções entre cálcio e magnésio na forma de CaCO3 e MgCO3 sobre a absorção de nutrientes e produção inicial de matéria seca de plantas de milho. O estudo o foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação, em Lages-SC, com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado e três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de dose equivalente a 21,0 t ha-1 de calcário, usando misturas de CaCO3 e MgCO3 em diversas proporções até atingir relações Ca:Mg de 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1, 16:1 e 32:1, aplicadas num Cambissolo Húmico Álico, com 310 g kg-1 de argila. A aplicação dos diferentes tratamentos elevou as relações Ca:Mg no complexo de troca do solo para 1,1:1, 2,1:1, 4,0:1, 8,1:1, 16,4:1 e 31,8:1. As elevadas concentrações de Ca trocável no solo provocadas pela adição dos corretivos da acidez com alta relação Ca:Mg inibiram a absorção de Mg e K pelas plantas de milho. O aumento da relação Ca:Mg no solo diminuiu a produção de matéria seca e altura de plantas no estádio inicial de desenvolvimento.
Resumo
The variation in the Ca:Mg ratio in amendments used to neutralize soil acidity is one way of altering the availability of those nutrients to the plants in acid soils. The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of different proportions of calcium and magnesium in the form of CaCO3 and MgCO3 on the nutrient uptake, and initial production of dry matter by corn plants. The study was carried out in greenhouse conditions, in Lages, SC, with a completely randomized experimental design, with three replications. The treatments were the application of equivalent to 21.0 t ha-1 of lime, using mixtures of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in several proportions to obtain different Ca:Mg ratios (1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1, 16:1 and 32:1), on a Humic Alic Cambisol, with 310 g kg-1 of clay. The application of treatments caused the following Ca:Mg ratios in the CEC: 1.1:1, 2.1:1, 4.0:1, 8.1:1, 16.4:1 and 31.8:1. The high concentrations of exchangeable Ca in soil caused by addition of lime with high Ca content inhibited the uptake of Mg and K by the corn plants. The increase in the soil Ca:Mg ratio reduced the dry matter production and height of plants in the initial stage of development.
A variação na relação Ca:Mg em corretivos da acidez do solo é uma das principais formas de alterar a disponibilidade desses nutrientes às plantas em solos ácidos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes proporções entre cálcio e magnésio na forma de CaCO3 e MgCO3 sobre a absorção de nutrientes e produção inicial de matéria seca de plantas de milho. O estudo o foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação, em Lages-SC, com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado e três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de dose equivalente a 21,0 t ha-1 de calcário, usando misturas de CaCO3 e MgCO3 em diversas proporções até atingir relações Ca:Mg de 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1, 16:1 e 32:1, aplicadas num Cambissolo Húmico Álico, com 310 g kg-1 de argila. A aplicação dos diferentes tratamentos elevou as relações Ca:Mg no complexo de troca do solo para 1,1:1, 2,1:1, 4,0:1, 8,1:1, 16,4:1 e 31,8:1. As elevadas concentrações de Ca trocável no solo provocadas pela adição dos corretivos da acidez com alta relação Ca:Mg inibiram a absorção de Mg e K pelas plantas de milho. O aumento da relação Ca:Mg no solo diminuiu a produção de matéria seca e altura de plantas no estádio inicial de desenvolvimento.