Floral, reproductive and pollinators biology of Myrcianthes pungens (Berg) Legrand, neglected species

Studies related to floral biology are essential for the understanding of the ecological relations between different species, and the beginning of breeding programs. In this way, the aim of the study was to elucidate aspects of floral and reproductive biology and floral visitors of this species. Information about floral morphology and morphometry, anthesis, nectaries and pollinator attractive structures, characterization of floral visitors, receptivity of androcytic stigma and maturation, in vitro pollen storage and germination, and characterization of the reproductive system were obtained. The guabiju tree has hermaphrodite flowers, and the floral opening occurs mainly during the night, but also in the morning. Anthers are the main attractive structure to the pollinating insects, releasing fetid odor, attracting mainly flies and wasps characterized as occasional pollinators, and moths characterized as effective pollinators. For the germination of pollen, it is recommend using it without desiccation, collected in post-anthesis, and for the culture medium the use of 11% of sucrose and 7% of boric acid. Pollen presents recalcitrant behavior, so even when stored in refrigerator, freezer, liquid nitrogen and natural environment lose viability in less than 30 days. It presents high reproductive efficiency, and can be considered self-compatible; however, fertilization also occurs by cross-pollination.

Floral, reproductive and pollinators biology of Myrcianthes pungens (Berg) Legrand, neglected species

Studies related to floral biology are essential for the understanding of the ecological relations between different species, and the beginning of breeding programs. In this way, the aim of the study was to elucidate aspects of floral and reproductive biology and floral visitors of this species. Information about floral morphology and morphometry, anthesis, nectaries and pollinator attractive structures, characterization of floral visitors, receptivity of androcytic stigma and maturation, in vitro pollen storage and germination, and characterization of the reproductive system were obtained. The guabiju tree has hermaphrodite flowers, and the floral opening occurs mainly during the night, but also in the morning. Anthers are the main attractive structure to the pollinating insects, releasing fetid odor, attracting mainly flies and wasps characterized as occasional pollinators, and moths characterized as effective pollinators. For the germination of pollen, it is recommend using it without desiccation, collected in post-anthesis, and for the culture medium the use of 11% of sucrose and 7% of boric acid. Pollen presents recalcitrant behavior, so even when stored in refrigerator, freezer, liquid nitrogen and natural environment lose viability in less than 30 days. It presents high reproductive efficiency, and can be considered self-compatible; however, fertilization also occurs by cross-pollination.(AU)

Viabilidade de sementes de jabuticabeira açu em função da condição e período de armazenamento / Seed viability of jabuticaba tree according to the condition and storage period

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade de sementes de jabuticabeira açu [Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Berg], em função das condições e períodos de armazenamento. O experimento foi na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Câmpus Dois Vizinhos. As sementes foram separadas em lotes, com aquelas mantendo ou retirando a mucilagem. Os lotes foram acondicionados em garrafa PET® ou saco de papel Kraft® em temperatura ambiente e, saco Kraft® em 6°C±1°C. Testaram-se oito períodos de armazenamento (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 60 dias). Após cada período, as sementes foram semeadas em caixas Gerbox, sem tampa contendo areia grossa e mantidas em B.O.D. a 25°C sem fotoperíodo. Usou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 2 x 8 x 3 (presença de mucilagem x período de armazenamento x condições de armazenamento), com 4 repetições de 50 sementes. As sementes sem mucilagem, em garrafa PET®, mantiveram-se viáveis até 30 dias de armazenamento, com valores de 80% emergência até o décimo quinto dia quando comparados ao uso do papel Kraft®. Com mucilagem, em papel Kraft®, as sementes mantiveram a viabilidade inalterada até os vinte dias de armazenamento. Deve-se retirara mucilagem das sementes de jabuticabeira açu, para em seguida armazená-las em garrafa PET® na temperatura ambiente. Estas condições permitem que não haja comprometimento da emergência e do vigor por no máximo 25 dias.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the germination viability of jabuticaba açu [Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Berg] seed, according to conditions and the storage time. The experiment was carried out at UTFPR - Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Brazil. The seeds were separated into two groups, with one it remained a mucilage surrounding the seed and without mucilage. These eds with and without mucilage were put in Pet® bottle, paper Kraft® bag at natural condition temperature and paper Kraft® bag in the refrigerator (6 °C ± 1 °C), which it was stored during 8 periods (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60 days). After each period, the seeds were sown in Gerbox boxes without lid containing sand as substrate and it taken to BOD at 25 °C without photoperiod. The experiment was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 8 x 3 (presence of mucilage x storage period x storage location), with 4 replications of 50 seeds each experimental unit. The seeds without mucilage, in PET® bottle were with viability until 30 days of storage, with 80% emergence until fifth day to Kraft® paper. With mucilage, on Kraft® paper, the seeds kept viability unchanged until twenty days of storage. The mucilage of the jabuticaba açu seeds should be removed and then stored in a PET® bottle at room temperature. These conditions allow no compromise of emergency and vigor for a maximum of 25 days. (AU)

Viabilidade de sementes de jabuticabeira açu em função da condição e período de armazenamento / Seed viability of jabuticaba tree according to the condition and storage period

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade de sementes de jabuticabeira açu [Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Berg], em função das condições e períodos de armazenamento. O experimento foi na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Câmpus Dois Vizinhos. As sementes foram separadas em lotes, com aquelas mantendo ou retirando a mucilagem. Os lotes foram acondicionados em garrafa PET® ou saco de papel Kraft® em temperatura ambiente e, saco Kraft® em 6°C±1°C. Testaram-se oito períodos de armazenamento (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 60 dias). Após cada período, as sementes foram semeadas em caixas Gerbox, sem tampa contendo areia grossa e mantidas em B.O.D. a 25°C sem fotoperíodo. Usou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 2 x 8 x 3 (presença de mucilagem x período de armazenamento x condições de armazenamento), com 4 repetições de 50 sementes. As sementes sem mucilagem, em garrafa PET®, mantiveram-se viáveis até 30 dias de armazenamento, com valores de 80% emergência até o décimo quinto dia quando comparados ao uso do papel Kraft®. Com mucilagem, em papel Kraft®, as sementes mantiveram a viabilidade inalterada até os vinte dias de armazenamento. Deve-se retirara mucilagem das sementes de jabuticabeira açu, para em seguida armazená-las em garrafa PET® na temperatura ambiente. Estas condições permitem que não haja comprometimento da emergência e do vigor por no máximo 25 dias.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the germination viability of jabuticaba açu [Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Berg] seed, according to conditions and the storage time. The experiment was carried out at UTFPR - Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Brazil. The seeds were separated into two groups, with one it remained a mucilage surrounding the seed and without mucilage. These eds with and without mucilage were put in Pet® bottle, paper Kraft® bag at natural condition temperature and paper Kraft® bag in the refrigerator (6 °C ± 1 °C), which it was stored during 8 periods (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60 days). After each period, the seeds were sown in Gerbox boxes without lid containing sand as substrate and it taken to BOD at 25 °C without photoperiod. The experiment was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 8 x 3 (presence of mucilage x storage period x storage location), with 4 replications of 50 seeds each experimental unit. The seeds without mucilage, in PET® bottle were with viability until 30 days of storage, with 80% emergence until fifth day to Kraft® paper. With mucilage, on Kraft® paper, the seeds kept viability unchanged until twenty days of storage. The mucilage of the jabuticaba açu seeds should be removed and then stored in a PET® bottle at room temperature. These conditions allow no compromise of emergency and vigor for a maximum of 25 days.