Resumo
Immunohistochemistry can be applied in veterinary oncology to define the immunophenotype of neoplastic cells with unlimited possibilities of application. The technique is based on the identification of antigens "in situ", which may have prognostic and therapeutic value. Expression of estrogen and progesterone is directly related to better prognosis for breast cancer, while over-expression of receptor KIT (CD117) proteins Ki-67 (MIB-1), COX-2, VEGF and CD31 can be associated with tumor progression for several histological types. This association has a potential predictive value, due to the possibility of using specific blockers. This revision aims at presenting the possibilities of immunohistochemical's application in tumors of dogs, searching for a more precise definition of the prognosis and indication of specific treatments for each patient.
A imuno-histoquímica pode ser aplicada na oncologia veterinária para a definição do imunofenótipo neoplásico, com possibilidades ilimitadas de utilização. A técnica baseia-se na identificação de antígenos "in situ", que podem apresentar valor prognóstico e terapêutico. A expressão de receptores de estrógeno e progesterona está diretamente relacionada ao melhor prognóstico para os neoplasmas mamários, enquanto a super-expressão do receptor KIT (CD117), proteínas Ki-67 (MIB-1), VEGF, CD31 e COX-2 podem ser associados à progressão tumoral para vários tipos histológicos. Essa associação possui valor preditivo em potencial, tendo em vista a possibilidade da utilização de bloqueadores específicos. Esta revisão tem como objetivo apresentar as possibilidades da utilização da imuno-histoquímica nos tumores de cães, visando à definição mais precisa do prognóstico e a indicação de tratamentos específicos para cada paciente.
Resumo
Immunohistochemistry can be applied in veterinary oncology to define the immunophenotype of neoplastic cells with unlimited possibilities of application. The technique is based on the identification of antigens "in situ", which may have prognostic and therapeutic value. Expression of estrogen and progesterone is directly related to better prognosis for breast cancer, while over-expression of receptor KIT (CD117) proteins Ki-67 (MIB-1), COX-2, VEGF and CD31 can be associated with tumor progression for several histological types. This association has a potential predictive value, due to the possibility of using specific blockers. This revision aims at presenting the possibilities of immunohistochemical's application in tumors of dogs, searching for a more precise definition of the prognosis and indication of specific treatments for each patient.
A imuno-histoquímica pode ser aplicada na oncologia veterinária para a definição do imunofenótipo neoplásico, com possibilidades ilimitadas de utilização. A técnica baseia-se na identificação de antígenos "in situ", que podem apresentar valor prognóstico e terapêutico. A expressão de receptores de estrógeno e progesterona está diretamente relacionada ao melhor prognóstico para os neoplasmas mamários, enquanto a super-expressão do receptor KIT (CD117), proteínas Ki-67 (MIB-1), VEGF, CD31 e COX-2 podem ser associados à progressão tumoral para vários tipos histológicos. Essa associação possui valor preditivo em potencial, tendo em vista a possibilidade da utilização de bloqueadores específicos. Esta revisão tem como objetivo apresentar as possibilidades da utilização da imuno-histoquímica nos tumores de cães, visando à definição mais precisa do prognóstico e a indicação de tratamentos específicos para cada paciente.
Resumo
Background: Stromal Grastrointestinal Tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that affect the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histologically this tumor shows a spindle, epithelioid or mixed aspect and routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining does not allow adequate differentiation from other mesenquimal neoplasms. Histochemical and imunohistochemical techniques are useful tools in this differentiation. The aim of this study was to report a case of canine GIST, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to differentiate it from other histomorfologically similar mesenchymal neoplasms.Case: A ten-year-old male Pinscher dog was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor in the pyloric region of stomach. The dog was euthanized 90 days after surgery. Tumor specimens were collected, fi xed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE and Gomoris Tricrome (GT). For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. Cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, c-KIT, vimentin, Ki-67, S-100 and Smooth Muscle Alfa Actin (SMA) expression were evaluated. For vimentin, CKAE1AE3, SMA, S100 and c-KIT antibodies, a semiquantitative method was used and neoplasms were classifi ed as negative (-), pos
Background: Stromal Grastrointestinal Tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that affect the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histologically this tumor shows a spindle, epithelioid or mixed aspect and routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining does not allow adequate differentiation from other mesenquimal neoplasms. Histochemical and imunohistochemical techniques are useful tools in this differentiation. The aim of this study was to report a case of canine GIST, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to differentiate it from other histomorfologically similar mesenchymal neoplasms.Case: A ten-year-old male Pinscher dog was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor in the pyloric region of stomach. The dog was euthanized 90 days after surgery. Tumor specimens were collected, fi xed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE and Gomoris Tricrome (GT). For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. Cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, c-KIT, vimentin, Ki-67, S-100 and Smooth Muscle Alfa Actin (SMA) expression were evaluated. For vimentin, CKAE1AE3, SMA, S100 and c-KIT antibodies, a semiquantitative method was used and neoplasms were classifi ed as negative (-), pos
Resumo
The hormone-dependent neoplasms may originate from genetic mutations resulting the normal cells proliferation or of the cells multiplication already transformed by other carcinogen. Some hormones and anti-hormones drugs are being used with success in the treatment of those neoplasm in humans. In spite of the elevated frequency of the hormone dependent neoplasms in the animals, the use of antagonistic hormones and anti-hormones drugs, as well as the identification immunohistochemical of hormones receptors in the neoplasm is not already part of the veterinary hospitals routine.
As neoplasias hormônio-dependentes podem originar-se de mutações genéticas resultantes da proliferação de células normais ou da multiplicação de células já transformadas por outros carcinógenos. Alguns hormônios e drogas anti-hormonais estão sendo utilizados com sucesso no tratamento dessas neoplasias em humanos. Apesar da freqüência elevada das neoplasias hormônio-dependentes nos animais, seu tratamento com hormônios antagonistas e fármacos anti-hormonais, bem como a identificação imunoistoquímica de receptores hormonais nas neoplasias não fazem parte da rotina dos hospitais veterinários.
Resumo
The hormone-dependent neoplasms may originate from genetic mutations resulting the normal cells proliferation or of the cells multiplication already transformed by other carcinogen. Some hormones and anti-hormones drugs are being used with success in the treatment of those neoplasm in humans. In spite of the elevated frequency of the hormone dependent neoplasms in the animals, the use of antagonistic hormones and anti-hormones drugs, as well as the identification immunohistochemical of hormones receptors in the neoplasm is not already part of the veterinary hospitals routine.
As neoplasias hormônio-dependentes podem originar-se de mutações genéticas resultantes da proliferação de células normais ou da multiplicação de células já transformadas por outros carcinógenos. Alguns hormônios e drogas anti-hormonais estão sendo utilizados com sucesso no tratamento dessas neoplasias em humanos. Apesar da freqüência elevada das neoplasias hormônio-dependentes nos animais, seu tratamento com hormônios antagonistas e fármacos anti-hormonais, bem como a identificação imunoistoquímica de receptores hormonais nas neoplasias não fazem parte da rotina dos hospitais veterinários.
Resumo
Rectal adenocarcinomas are uncommon in dogs and usually present poor prognosis. The present work describes the morphological and immunophenotypical findings of a rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma in a bitch. Histological analysis revealed a malignant epithelial proliferation in a tubulopapillary pattern forming multiple intratubular cell layers. Moderate amount of PAS-positive amorphous eosinophilic content within neoplastic tubules and extruded into the stroma was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed neoplastic cells considered positive for cytokeratin, Her-2, COX-2 and E-caderin and with low p53 expression. A high proliferation index was observed. Based on histological and immunophenotypical findings, the diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma was established.
Resumo
Background: Stromal Grastrointestinal Tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that affect the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histologically this tumor shows a spindle, epithelioid or mixed aspect and routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining does not allow adequate differentiation from other mesenquimal neoplasms. Histochemical and imunohistochemical techniques are useful tools in this differentiation. The aim of this study was to report a case of canine GIST, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to differentiate it from other histomorfologically similar mesenchymal neoplasms.Case: A ten-year-old male Pinscher dog was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor in the pyloric region of stomach. The dog was euthanized 90 days after surgery. Tumor specimens were collected, fi xed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE and Gomoris Tricrome (GT). For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. Cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, c-KIT, vimentin, Ki-67, S-100 and Smooth Muscle Alfa Actin (SMA) expression were evaluated. For vimentin, CKAE1AE3, SMA, S100 and c-KIT antibodies, a semiquantitative method was used and neoplasms were classifi ed as negative (-), pos
Background: Stromal Grastrointestinal Tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that affect the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histologically this tumor shows a spindle, epithelioid or mixed aspect and routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining does not allow adequate differentiation from other mesenquimal neoplasms. Histochemical and imunohistochemical techniques are useful tools in this differentiation. The aim of this study was to report a case of canine GIST, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to differentiate it from other histomorfologically similar mesenchymal neoplasms.Case: A ten-year-old male Pinscher dog was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor in the pyloric region of stomach. The dog was euthanized 90 days after surgery. Tumor specimens were collected, fi xed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE and Gomoris Tricrome (GT). For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. Cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, c-KIT, vimentin, Ki-67, S-100 and Smooth Muscle Alfa Actin (SMA) expression were evaluated. For vimentin, CKAE1AE3, SMA, S100 and c-KIT antibodies, a semiquantitative method was used and neoplasms were classifi ed as negative (-), pos
Resumo
Mammary neoplasms are described as the third most common type of feline tumor, after haematopoietic and skin tumors, and present a challenge for clinicians because the prognosis for feline mammary tumors ranges from guarded to poor. Thus, it is necessary to define new therapeutic approaches and establish more in-depth knowledge about this disease in felines. The main aspects of the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of feline mammary neoplasia were discussed, aiming to standardize the criteria and to serve as a guide for pathologists and veterinary clinicians.
As neoplasias mamárias são descritas como o terceiro tipo mais frequente de tumor em felinos (após as neoplasias hematopoiéticas e cutâneas) e apresentam um desafio para os clínicos devido ao prognóstico, que varia de reservado a ruim. Assim, é necessário conhecer melhor essa doença em felinos e definir novas abordagens terapêuticas. Discutiu-se os principais aspectos de diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento da neoplasia mamária felina, com o objetivo de padronizar os critérios e servir de guia para patologistas e clínicos veterinários.