Response of three digital anesthetic technics in horses with forelimb hoof lameness / Resposta de três técnicas anestésicas digitais em equinos com claudicação dos membros anteriores ligada ao casco

The presented study aimed to assess objectively the response of distal interphalangeal joint (DIJ), navicular bursa (NB) and deep digital flexor tendon sheath (DDFTS) anesthesia in horses with forelimb hoof lameness; and evaluate if the presence of radiographic abnormalities on navicular bone could interfere on blocks' results. Fifteen horses with lameness improvement above 70% after palmar digital nerve (PDN) block were selected for this study. Blocks were assessed separately on five consecutive trials at seven different time-points. The fifth trial was performed to evaluate the influence of exercise on preexisting lameness. Most of horses (73.33%) presented pain related to the podotrochlear apparatus based on clinical and lameness exam and blocks' responses. NB and DIJ anesthesia differed on the frequency of horses with lameness improvement above 70% only at 10min (p=0.03), and both differed from DDFTS block until 30'(p<0.05). The blocks' response was variable along the time and the highest means for NB, DIJ and DDFTS were observed at 5-10 minutes ('), 15-20' and 10-15' respectively.Exercise had low interference on lameness intensity since no improvement above 50% was observed and an increase on lameness intensity over time was identified in seven horses. Variable grades of navicular bone radiographic lesions were observed in 14 horses, although these lesions had no interference on blocks' response (p>0.05). The NB and DIJ blocks had similar responses and both were superior to DDFTS anesthesia, coincident with a major prevalence of podotroclear apparatus abnormalities in this equine population.(AU)

O presente estudo avaliou, de forma objetiva, as respostas do bloqueio da articulação interfalangeana distal (AID), da bursa do navicular (BN) e da bainha do tendão flexor digital profundo (BTFDP) em equinos com claudicação ligada ao casco nos membros torácicos; além de analisar a influência das alterações radiográficas do osso navicular no resultado dos bloqueios. Quinze cavalos, que apresentaram uma melhora da claudicação acima de 70% após o bloqueio do nervo digital palmar, foram selecionados para este estudo. Os bloqueios foram avaliados separadamente em cinco turnos consecutivos e em sete tempos diferentes. O quinto turno foi utilizado para analisar a influência do exercício sobre a claudicação preexistente. A maioria dos cavalos (73,33%) apresentou dor relacionada à porção palmar do casco, com base nos achados do exame clínico em movimento e nas respostas dos bloqueios. As anestesias da BN e da AID apresentaram diferença quanto à frequência de cavalos com melhora da claudicação acima de 70% apenas aos 10min (p=0.03), e ambos diferiram do bloqueio da BTFDP até os 30min (p<0.05). A resposta dos bloqueios foi variada ao longo do tempo, e as maiores médias de melhora da claudicação para os bloqueios BN, AID e BTFDP foram observadas aos 5-10min, 15-20min e 10-15min, respectivamente. O exercício teve pequena interferência na intensidade da claudicação, uma vez que nenhuma melhora acima de 50% foi observada e sete cavalos aumentaram a intensidade da claudicação ao longo do tempo. A presença de diferentes graus de lesão radiográfica do osso navicular foi observada em 14 cavalos, porém essas lesões não interferiram na resposta dos bloqueios (p>0,05). Os bloqueios da BN e da AID apresentaram respostas semelhantes, e ambos foram superiores ao bloqueio da BTFDP, coincidindo com uma marcada prevalência de doença do aparato podotroclear nesta população de equinos.(AU)

Response of three digital anesthetic technics in horses with forelimb hoof lameness / Resposta de três técnicas anestésicas digitais em equinos com claudicação dos membros anteriores ligada ao casco

The presented study aimed to assess objectively the response of distal interphalangeal joint (DIJ), navicular bursa (NB) and deep digital flexor tendon sheath (DDFTS) anesthesia in horses with forelimb hoof lameness; and evaluate if the presence of radiographic abnormalities on navicular bone could interfere on blocks' results. Fifteen horses with lameness improvement above 70% after palmar digital nerve (PDN) block were selected for this study. Blocks were assessed separately on five consecutive trials at seven different time-points. The fifth trial was performed to evaluate the influence of exercise on preexisting lameness. Most of horses (73.33%) presented pain related to the podotrochlear apparatus based on clinical and lameness exam and blocks' responses. NB and DIJ anesthesia differed on the frequency of horses with lameness improvement above 70% only at 10min (p=0.03), and both differed from DDFTS block until 30'(p<0.05). The blocks' response was variable along the time and the highest means for NB, DIJ and DDFTS were observed at 5-10 minutes ('), 15-20' and 10-15' respectively.Exercise had low interference on lameness intensity since no improvement above 50% was observed and an increase on lameness intensity over time was identified in seven horses. Variable grades of navicular bone radiographic lesions were observed in 14 horses, although these lesions had no interference on blocks' response (p>0.05). The NB and DIJ blocks had similar responses and both were superior to DDFTS anesthesia, coincident with a major prevalence of podotroclear apparatus abnormalities in this equine population.(AU)

O presente estudo avaliou, de forma objetiva, as respostas do bloqueio da articulação interfalangeana distal (AID), da bursa do navicular (BN) e da bainha do tendão flexor digital profundo (BTFDP) em equinos com claudicação ligada ao casco nos membros torácicos; além de analisar a influência das alterações radiográficas do osso navicular no resultado dos bloqueios. Quinze cavalos, que apresentaram uma melhora da claudicação acima de 70% após o bloqueio do nervo digital palmar, foram selecionados para este estudo. Os bloqueios foram avaliados separadamente em cinco turnos consecutivos e em sete tempos diferentes. O quinto turno foi utilizado para analisar a influência do exercício sobre a claudicação preexistente. A maioria dos cavalos (73,33%) apresentou dor relacionada à porção palmar do casco, com base nos achados do exame clínico em movimento e nas respostas dos bloqueios. As anestesias da BN e da AID apresentaram diferença quanto à frequência de cavalos com melhora da claudicação acima de 70% apenas aos 10min (p=0.03), e ambos diferiram do bloqueio da BTFDP até os 30min (p<0.05). A resposta dos bloqueios foi variada ao longo do tempo, e as maiores médias de melhora da claudicação para os bloqueios BN, AID e BTFDP foram observadas aos 5-10min, 15-20min e 10-15min, respectivamente. O exercício teve pequena interferência na intensidade da claudicação, uma vez que nenhuma melhora acima de 50% foi observada e sete cavalos aumentaram a intensidade da claudicação ao longo do tempo. A presença de diferentes graus de lesão radiográfica do osso navicular foi observada em 14 cavalos, porém essas lesões não interferiram na resposta dos bloqueios (p>0,05). Os bloqueios da BN e da AID apresentaram respostas semelhantes, e ambos foram superiores ao bloqueio da BTFDP, coincidindo com uma marcada prevalência de doença do aparato podotroclear nesta população de equinos.(AU)

Efeito clínico do uso do parecoxib em modelo de sinovite induzida em pôneis / Clinical effect of parecoxib in induced synovitis in horses

Um modelo experimental de sinovite em pôneis foi usado para avaliar o efeito do parecoxib, um antiinflamatório não-esteroidal (AINE) seletivo injetável. Cinco dias após indução da sinovite, três pôneis foram tratados com 0,55mg/kg/dia (IV) de parecoxib e três receberam solução salina 0,9 por cento (IV) por cinco dias. A avaliação de parâmetros clínicos dos animais e físico-químicos do líquido sinovial foi realizada antes da indução de sinovite, antes e 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas após o início do tratamento. A injeção intra-articular com adjuvante completo de Freund induziu sinovite de intensidade moderada a grave. Os pôneis tratados com parecoxib apresentaram diminuição do grau de claudicação; manutenção da flexão articular, do comprimento do passo, da temperatura retal e da freqüência cardíaca; e atenuação do grau de efusão articular. Embora o parecoxib, na dose utilizada, não tenha apresentado efeito sobre os parâmetros do líquido sinovial das articulações com sinovite, sua ação antipirética, antiinflamatória e principalmente analgésica foi observada.(AU)

An experimental synovitis model was used in ponies to evaluate the effect of parecoxib, a selective non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Five days after synovitis induction, three ponies received parecoxib (IV) 0.55mg/kg/day and three ponies received sterile 0.9 percent saline solution (IV) for five days. Clinical parameters and synovial fluid were evaluated before synovitis induction, prior treatment and 12, 24, 48, 96, and 120 hours after the first treatment. The intra-articular injection of Freund's complete adjuvant induced a moderate to severe synovitis. The parecoxib treated ponies showed lameness reduction; maintenance of stride length, articular flexion, temperature, and heart rate; and attenuation of articular effusion. Although the used dosage of parecoxib had no effect on evaluated synovial fluid parameters, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and especially analgesic effects were observed.(AU)

The effect of sperm selection by Percoll or swim-up on the sex ratio of in vitro produced bovine embryos

The goal of this investigation was to determine the percentage of male and female bovine embryos produced after oocyte fertilization with Percoll density gradient centrifugation or with self-migration (swim-up) selected semen. In Experiment 1, sperm selection was performed by 90-45% discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation (T1) and swim-up (T2). InExperiment 2, in addition to the discontinuous gradient, a 67.5% continuous gradient, and 5 or 10 min centrifugation were used. Four treatment groups were defined (TI = continuous, 5 min, TII = discontinuous, 5 min, TIII = continuous, 10 min and TIV = discontinuous,10 min). Embryos were sexed using PCR. In Experiment 1,Percoll density gradient centrifugation (n = 185) resulted in 48.6% (n = 90) male and 51.4% (n = 95) female embryos, and swim-up (n = 142) in 58.4% (n = 83) male and 41.6% (n = 59) female embryos. In Experiment 2, the percentages of male and female embryos obtained in TI (n = 93), TII (n = 70), TIII (n = 82) and TIV (n = 82) were 49.5% (n = 46) and 50.5% (n = 47), 57.1% (n = 40) and 42.9% (n = 30), 36.6% (n = 30) and 63.4% (n = 52) and 48.8% (n = 40) and 51.2% (n = 42), respectively. Swim-up (T2) and continuous Percoll gradient centrifugation for 10 min (TIII) showed a deviation toward males (P = 0.044) and females (P = 0.015), respectively, when compared to the 50% expected percentage of each gender. There was no difference in male and female percentages in the other treatment groups from Experiments 1 and 2, when compared to the 50% expected percentage of each gender neither between treatment.(AU)

The effect of sperm selection by Percoll or swim-up on the sex ratio of in vitro produced bovine embryos

The goal of this investigation was to determine the percentage of male and female bovine embryos produced after oocyte fertilization with Percoll density gradient centrifugation or with self-migration (swim-up) selected semen. In Experiment 1, sperm selection was performed by 90-45% discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation (T1) and swim-up (T2). InExperiment 2, in addition to the discontinuous gradient, a 67.5% continuous gradient, and 5 or 10 min centrifugation were used. Four treatment groups were defined (TI = continuous, 5 min, TII = discontinuous, 5 min, TIII = continuous, 10 min and TIV = discontinuous,10 min). Embryos were sexed using PCR. In Experiment 1,Percoll density gradient centrifugation (n = 185) resulted in 48.6% (n = 90) male and 51.4% (n = 95) female embryos, and swim-up (n = 142) in 58.4% (n = 83) male and 41.6% (n = 59) female embryos. In Experiment 2, the percentages of male and female embryos obtained in TI (n = 93), TII (n = 70), TIII (n = 82) and TIV (n = 82) were 49.5% (n = 46) and 50.5% (n = 47), 57.1% (n = 40) and 42.9% (n = 30), 36.6% (n = 30) and 63.4% (n = 52) and 48.8% (n = 40) and 51.2% (n = 42), respectively. Swim-up (T2) and continuous Percoll gradient centrifugation for 10 min (TIII) showed a deviation toward males (P = 0.044) and females (P = 0.015), respectively, when compared to the 50% expected percentage of each gender. There was no difference in male and female percentages in the other treatment groups from Experiments 1 and 2, when compared to the 50% expected percentage of each gender neither between treatment.