A comparison of detomidine in combination with saline, morphine or methadone in horses submitted to experimental oral stimuli / Comparação entre a associação da detomidina à solução salina, à morfina ou à metadona em cavalos submetidos aos estímulos experimentais na cavidade oral

This study aimed to compare the sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of detomidine in combination with saline, morphine or methadone and to determine whether the addition of these opioids increases the degree of sedation in horses submitted to experimental oral stimuli. In a blinded, randomized, experimental study, six adult mares were evaluated using a crossover design with at least 15 days between trials: 10?g/kg detomidine in combination with saline (D/SAL), 0.1mg/kg morphine (D/ MORPH) or 0.1mg/kg methadone (D/METH). The degree of sedation, response to oral stimuli and cardiopulmonary parameters were monitored for 120 minutes. Parametric data were analyzed using the ANOVA and Tukeys tests, and non- parametric data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedmans tests with the post-Dunn test (P 0.05). The degree of sedation was significantly greater for the D/SAL than for the D/MORPH and D/METH treatments at 30 min. The horses´ responses to the oral stimuli decreased significantly following all treatments at 5 and 30 min from baseline values. The heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial pH and blood gas variables were all similar among the treatment groups. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in the D/MORPH group when compared with the D/SAL group between 75 and 120 min. It was concluded that all treatments provided sedative effects with mild cardiopulmonary changes. However the addition of morphine or methadone to detomidine did not improve the degree of sedation in horses submitted to experimental oral stimuli.(AU)

Objetivou-se comparar os efeitos sedativos e cardiorrespiratórios da detomidina associada à solução salina, à morfina ou à metadona e determinar se a associação desses opioides poderia incrementar o grau de sedação em cavalos submetidos aos estímulos na cavidade oral. Em estudo cego, com delineamento aleatório foram avaliadas 06 éguas, com intervalo mínimo de 15 dias entre cada avaliação, sendo submetidos aos protocolos de sedação com detomidina (10mg/kg, IV) associada à solução salina (D/SAL), a 0,1mg/kg (IV) de morfina (D/MORF) ou a 0,1mg/kg (IV) de metadona (D/MET). Foram avaliados, durante 120 minutos: grau de sedação, resposta aos estímulos orais e parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios. A estatística foi realizada com análise de variância, teste de Tukey e análise de medidas repetidas, para as variáveis paramétricas. Para as variáveis não paramétricas foram empregados os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Friedman com contrastes pelo método de Dunn (P 0,05). O efeito sedativo foi significativamente superior no D/SAL em relação ao D/MORF e D/MET aos 30 minutos após a administração dos fármacos. A resposta dos animais perante os estímulos feitos na cavidade oral diminuiu significativamente aos 5 e 30 minutos em relação ao basal em todos os tratamentos. A frequência cardíaca e respiratória, bem como as variáveis hemogasométricas não diferiram entre os grupos. Valores superiores de cardiopulmonary changes. However the addition of morphine or methadone to detomidinedid not improve the degree of sedation in horses submitted to experimental oral stimuli.(AU)

A comparison of detomidine in combination with saline, morphine or methadone in horses submitted to experimental oral stimuli / Comparação entre a associação da detomidina à solução salina, à morfina ou à metadona em cavalos submetidos aos estímulos experimentais na cavidade oral

This study aimed to compare the sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of detomidine in combination with saline, morphine or methadone and to determine whether the addition of these opioids increases the degree of sedation in horses submitted to experimental oral stimuli. In a blinded, randomized, experimental study, six adult mares were evaluated using a crossover design with at least 15 days between trials: 10?g/kg detomidine in combination with saline (D/SAL), 0.1mg/kg morphine (D/ MORPH) or 0.1mg/kg methadone (D/METH). The degree of sedation, response to oral stimuli and cardiopulmonary parameters were monitored for 120 minutes. Parametric data were analyzed using the ANOVA and Tukeys tests, and non- parametric data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedmans tests with the post-Dunn test (P 0.05). The degree of sedation was significantly greater for the D/SAL than for the D/MORPH and D/METH treatments at 30 min. The horses´ responses to the oral stimuli decreased significantly following all treatments at 5 and 30 min from baseline values. The heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial pH and blood gas variables were all similar among the treatment groups. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in the D/MORPH group when compared with the D/SAL group between 75 and 120 min. It was concluded that all treatments provided sedative effects with mild cardiopulmonary changes. However the addition of morphine or methadone to detomidine did not improve the degree of sedation in horses submitted to experimental oral stimuli.

Objetivou-se comparar os efeitos sedativos e cardiorrespiratórios da detomidina associada à solução salina, à morfina ou à metadona e determinar se a associação desses opioides poderia incrementar o grau de sedação em cavalos submetidos aos estímulos na cavidade oral. Em estudo cego, com delineamento aleatório foram avaliadas 06 éguas, com intervalo mínimo de 15 dias entre cada avaliação, sendo submetidos aos protocolos de sedação com detomidina (10mg/kg, IV) associada à solução salina (D/SAL), a 0,1mg/kg (IV) de morfina (D/MORF) ou a 0,1mg/kg (IV) de metadona (D/MET). Foram avaliados, durante 120 minutos: grau de sedação, resposta aos estímulos orais e parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios. A estatística foi realizada com análise de variância, teste de Tukey e análise de medidas repetidas, para as variáveis paramétricas. Para as variáveis não paramétricas foram empregados os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Friedman com contrastes pelo método de Dunn (P 0,05). O efeito sedativo foi significativamente superior no D/SAL em relação ao D/MORF e D/MET aos 30 minutos após a administração dos fármacos. A resposta dos animais perante os estímulos feitos na cavidade oral diminuiu significativamente aos 5 e 30 minutos em relação ao basal em todos os tratamentos. A frequência cardíaca e respiratória, bem como as variáveis hemogasométricas não diferiram entre os grupos. Valores superiores de cardiopulmonary changes. However the addition of morphine or methadone to detomidinedid not improve the degree of sedation in horses submitted to experimental oral stimuli.

Analgesic comparison of systemic lidocaine, morphine or lidocaine plus morphine infusion in dogs undergoing fracture repair

To compare the postoperative analgesic effects of lidocaine, morphine and lidocaine plus morphine administered by constant rate infusion (CRI) and analyzing their effects on opioid requirements after orthopedic surgery in dogs. Twenty-four dogs underwent fracture repairs were premedicated with IM acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) combined with morphine (0.3mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with IV propofol (4 to 5 mg/ kg) and maintained with isoflurane. The dogs were randomly assigned to 3 groups and administered a CRI IV of lidocaine (T-L), morphine (T-M) or lidocaine plus morphine (T-LM) at the same doses. Postoperative analgesia was assessed for 24 hours using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (GCPS). Rescue analgesia was performed if the evaluation score exceeded 50% of the VAS and/or 33% of the GCPS. The pain score and postoperative opioid requirements did not differ among the treatments. Rescue analgesia was administered to 1/8 dogs in the T-M and T-LM, and to 3/8 dogs in the T-L. Lidocaine, morphine or lidocaine/morphine CRI may be efficacious techniques for pain management in the first 24 hours post-surgery. However, the two drugs administered together did not reduce the postoperative opioid requirement in dogs undergoing fracture repair. Key words: Anesthesia. Analgesics. Analgesics, Opioid. Lidocaine. Morphine. Dogs.(AU)

Extradural anesthesia with lidocaine combined with fentanyl or methadone to ovariohisterectomy in dogs

PURPOSE: To compare the cardiopulmonary effects and the quality of anesthesia of the extradural lidocaine in combination with fentanyl or morphine in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. METHODS: Sixteen female dogs, were sedated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.05mg kg-1), followed by anesthetic induction with intravenous propofol (4mg kg-1), to perform the lumbosacral puncture. The animals were randomly assigned to two treatments: T-F (n=8) extradural administration of fentanyl (5µg kg-1), T-M (n=8) extradural administration of methadone (0.3mg kg-1). In both treatment groups, opioids were combined with lidocaine, in order to make up a final volume of 0.4mL kg-1. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial blood pressure (SABP), intra-operative anesthetic supplementation, blood gases and adverse effects were investigated. RESULTS: HR, arterial pH and blood gases did not differ between treatments at any time point. RR and SABP decreased after epidural anesthesia, but the values were in terms of the physiological range of dogs. Intra-operative anesthetic supplementation was required in 50% and 62.5% of the fentanyl and methadone treated dogs, respectively. CONCLUSION: The extradural lidocaine in combination with fentanyl or morphine allowed cardiopulmonary stability, however sufficient sensitive blockade was not provided in 100% of the dogs.(AU)