Occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp in dogs from Teresina, Piauí, Brazil / Ocorrência de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp em cães de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil

Leptospirosis is a systemic disease caused by the species of bacteria Leptospira spp., which affects human beings, domestic and wild animals. The present study searched the presence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in the canine population of the city Teresina, Piauí, and the most common serovars. Blood samples from 425 stray dogs were collected in the local zoonosis center in Teresina from July 2010 to January 2012 and submitted to the Microscopic Seroagglutination Test (MAT). This study found an average infection rate of 17.41% (IC 95%; 13,8 ­ 21,0) by 11 different serovars; the four most frequent were Canicola (18.9%), Autumnalis (16.2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (12.1%), and Butembo (12.1%). The questions raised in this study indicated the occurrence of Leptospira spp infection in dogs of Terezina- Piaui, Brazil.(AU)

A leptospirose é uma doença sistêmica causada por bactéria Leptospira spp. que afeta seres humanos, animais domésticos e selvagens. O presente trabalho investigou a presença de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. na população canina da cidade de Teresina-Piauí, e os respectivos sorovares predominantes. Amostras de sangue de 425 cães foram coletadas no Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Teresina, no período de julho de 2010 a janeiro de 2012, e submetidas à prova de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM). Este estudo encontrou uma taxa de infecção média com 17,41% (IC 95%; 13,8 ­ 21,0) e 11 sorovares reagentes, sendo os prevalentes Canicola (18,9%), Autumnalis (16,2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (12,1%) e Butembo (12,1%). As questões levantadas neste estudo indicam a ocorrência de infecção por Leptospira spp em cães da cidade de Teresina-Piauí, Brasil.(AU)

Occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp in dogs from Teresina, Piauí, Brazil / Ocorrência de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp em cães de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil

Leptospirosis is a systemic disease caused by the species of bacteria Leptospira spp., which affects human beings, domestic and wild animals. The present study searched the presence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in the canine population of the city Teresina, Piauí, and the most common serovars. Blood samples from 425 stray dogs were collected in the local zoonosis center in Teresina from July 2010 to January 2012 and submitted to the Microscopic Seroagglutination Test (MAT). This study found an average infection rate of 17.41% (IC 95%; 13,8 ­ 21,0) by 11 different serovars; the four most frequent were Canicola (18.9%), Autumnalis (16.2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (12.1%), and Butembo (12.1%). The questions raised in this study indicated the occurrence of Leptospira spp infection in dogs of Terezina- Piaui, Brazil.(AU)

A leptospirose é uma doença sistêmica causada por bactéria Leptospira spp. que afeta seres humanos, animais domésticos e selvagens. O presente trabalho investigou a presença de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. na população canina da cidade de Teresina-Piauí, e os respectivos sorovares predominantes. Amostras de sangue de 425 cães foram coletadas no Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Teresina, no período de julho de 2010 a janeiro de 2012, e submetidas à prova de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM). Este estudo encontrou uma taxa de infecção média com 17,41% (IC 95%; 13,8 ­ 21,0) e 11 sorovares reagentes, sendo os prevalentes Canicola (18,9%), Autumnalis (16,2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (12,1%) e Butembo (12,1%). As questões levantadas neste estudo indicam a ocorrência de infecção por Leptospira spp em cães da cidade de Teresina-Piauí, Brasil.(AU)

Transmissible venereal tumor treated with autohemotherapy

Background: Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a neoplasm of round cells, that affects exclusively the canine specie. The etiology of the tumor is unknown, but the hystiocitic hipothesis is the more accepted. It is transmitted principally by the venereal form, but the inplant of cells can cause the disease. The clinic signs of the neoplasia are typical and include tumoral friable mass (in shape of cauliflower), that bleed easily. The most common localization is external genitalia, but the tumor can appears in skin surface and other organs. TVT grows rapidly (progressive phase) after transplantation, followed by a static phase (without cell proliferation) and then may regress spontaneously (stage of regression). The regression of the neoplasia is associated with increased infi ltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages in the tumor and characterized by increased apoptosis of tumor cells and fi brosis. The diagnosis of TVT is usually done by the physical aspect of the tumor, and confirmed by cytology or histopathology. TVT can be prevented by castration of the animals. The treatment of TVT is usually performed with vincristine, which has side effects, requires care in its application, and has a relatively high cost. Thus, new therapeutic low-cost alternatives are suggested, as is the case of autohemotherapy. The autohemotherapy technique consists of administration of autologous whole blood intramuscularly. In veterinary practice has been used successfully to treat bovine papillomatosis and other diseases. Probably the mechanism of action of autohemotherapy is to enhance organic immunity. This report aimed to evaluate the behavior of the transmissible venereal tumor in six dogs with naturally transplanted tumor after treatment with autohemotherapy. Materials, Methods & Results: Six adult bitches were clinically examined and all presented transmissible venereal tumor located in external genitalia, adquired by natural transmission. Cytological examination confirmed the diagnosis of TVT. The bitches were kept in kennels by one week before treatment, and it was not observed natural regression of tumor mass. After this time the animals were submitted to treatment with autohemotherapy, which consisted of application of autologous whole blood in the gluteal muscles, at dose of 10 mL. The applications were made weekly for seven weeks. All tumors were measured before and after autohemotherapy and, also weekly during the treatment. All tumors were friable and bleeding easily, multilobulated, nodulares, cauliflower-like shape, pale-pink to pale red, with surface smooth or irregular. In some animals there were signs of secondary infection. In general, the measurement of tumor ranged from 3.0 cm to 7.1 cm before of autohemotherapy. After treatment it was observed, macroscopically, a decrease of the tumoral mass in three dogs. Discussion: It was established as criterion for stopping treatment the time of seven weeks. Possibly if the treatment had been extended the regression could have been completed. Probably autohemotherapy increased immunity and, consequently, contributed to increase the body's resistance against TVT, producing regression of tumoral mass. Therefore, the autohemotherapy led to macroscopic partial regression of the tumor in 50% of animals subjected to this treatment, stimulating further research in this area.

Hérnia diafragmática congênita em cão. Relato de dois casos / Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in dog. Report of two cases

O trabalho descreve dois casos de cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Os animais apresentavam intensa dispnéia e retração abdominal. Foi diagnosticada hérnia diafragmática por meio de radiografia tóraco-abdominal. No primeiro caso, o animal foi eutanasiado, pois era portador de leishmaniose visceral canina. A necropsia confirmou o diagnóstico de hérnia diafragmática. Durante o exame macroscópico, observou-se que parte das alças intestinais, omento, fígado e baço estavam localizados na cavidade torácica. O diafragma estava incompleto na porção ventral, sem qualquer sinal de traumatismo. O fígado preenchia o espaço aberto no diafragma. O pulmão direito estava com lobos atróficos. Devido à ausência de sinais de traumatismo à anamnese e necropsia, supõe-se que a hérnia era congênita. No segundo caso foi realizada herniorrafia, com sucesso. Na anamnese, o proprietário afirmou que não houve trauma, embora o cão apresentasse dificuldade respiratória desde filhote. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico foi observada a presença de alças intestinais, baço e fígado na cavidade torácica. O diafragma apresentava bordas com superfícies lisas, sem alterações circulatórias, indicando ausência de trauma. Estes sinais, associados às informações da anamnese, levaram a suspeita de hérnia congênita. Os casos foram considerados raros porque os animais conseguiram sobreviver durante anos. Além disso, no segundo caso o tratamento cirúrgico foi bem sucedido mesmo sem implante de membrana biológica.(AU)

This work describes two cases of dogs examined at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Piauí. The animals had severe dyspnea and abdominal retraction. Diaphragmatic hernia was diagnosed by radiography thoracoabdominal. In the first case, the animal was euthanized because he had the canine visceral leishmaniasis. The autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia. During the macroscopic examination, it was observed that part of the bowel, omentum, liver and spleen were located in the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm was incomplete on the ventral part, without any sign of trauma. The liver filled the opened space in the diaphragm. The right lung lobe was atrophic. The absence of trauma signs, with the anamnesis and autopsy, it was assumed that the hernia was congenital. In the second case, it was performed a successfully herniorrhaphy. According to the anamnesis, the owner said that there was no trauma, although the breathing difficulty the dog presented since he was a puppy. During surgery, we observed the presence of small bowel, spleen and liver in the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm had edges with smooth surfaces, without circulatory changes, indicating the absence of trauma. These signs, assimilated with the information from the anamnesis, led to suspect of congenital hernia. The cases were considered rare because the animals survived for years. Moreover, in the second case, the surgery treatment was successful without the biological membrane implantation.(AU)

Sutura extramucosa em pontos separados simples e plano único no esôfago torácico de cães / Single-layer extramucosal interrupted sutures in thoracic esophagus of the dogs

Propõe-se nova técnica de esofagorrafia em cães com o objetivo de facilitar as manobras cirúrgicas. Foram utilizados 30 animais divididos em dois grupos, nos quais foram feitas esofagotomias torácicas. Nos cães do primeiro grupo, a incisão foi longitudinal e nos do segundo grupo, transversal. A esofagorrafia, em todos os cães, foi feita em plano único com pontos separados simples e fio de algodão, com exclusão da mucosa. Em todos os cães foram feitas radiografias contrastadas do esôfago no pré-operatório e semanalmente no pós-operatório. Trinta dias após a cirurgia todos os animais foram eutanasiados e foi colhido material para exame histológico. A técnica cirúrgica revelou-se de fácil execução e todos os animais se recuperaram bem. As radiografias após a cirurgia revelaram dilatação esofágica em alguns animais, principalmente os do grupo 2.No entanto, ao tempo de 30 dias, a cicatrização do esôfago foi equivalente aos do grupo 1. Ao exame macroscópico, observaram-se apenas aderências do mediastino e pleura à cicatriz esofágica.O exame histológico revelou cicatrização normal. Concluiu-se que a sutura em questão pode ser utilizada em esofagotomias torácicas no cão, apresentando cicatrização anatômica e diminuindo a possibilidade de complicações

It was proposed a new technique for closure of the thoracic esophagotomy, with the objective to facilitate the surgical procedure. It was used 30 dogs, divided in two groups. All the animals were submitted to thoracic esophagotomy. In group 1, the esophagic incision was longitudinal and in group 2, transversal. The esophagic closure, similar in both groups, was performed with single-layer extramucosal interrupted sutures, using cotton thread. Radiographic examination with contrast was performed in the preoperative period and weekly following the surgery. The dogs were euthanatized 30 days after the surgery, and material was collected for histopathologic examination. The surgical technique was successfull and the dogs recovered normally. Radiographic examination after surgery revealed esophagic dilatation in some animals, especially on the group 2. However, at the time of 30 days, the healing of the esophagus was equivalent to that of group 1.Gross examination revealed only adhesions among esophagic scar to parietal pleura, and mediastine. The surgical scar showed good and anatomic healing. The histopahologic examination revealed normal healing. We can conclude that this surgical technique can be indicated for thoracic esophagotomy closure in the dog, showing anatomic healing, and decreasing complications

Sutura extramucosa em pontos separados simples e plano único no esôfago torácico de cães / Single-layer extramucosal interrupted sutures in thoracic esophagus of the dogs

Propõe-se nova técnica de esofagorrafia em cães com o objetivo de facilitar as manobras cirúrgicas. Foram utilizados 30 animais divididos em dois grupos, nos quais foram feitas esofagotomias torácicas. Nos cães do primeiro grupo, a incisão foi longitudinal e nos do segundo grupo, transversal. A esofagorrafia, em todos os cães, foi feita em plano único com pontos separados simples e fio de algodão, com exclusão da mucosa. Em todos os cães foram feitas radiografias contrastadas do esôfago no pré-operatório e semanalmente no pós-operatório. Trinta dias após a cirurgia todos os animais foram eutanasiados e foi colhido material para exame histológico. A técnica cirúrgica revelou-se de fácil execução e todos os animais se recuperaram bem. As radiografias após a cirurgia revelaram dilatação esofágica em alguns animais, principalmente os do grupo 2.No entanto, ao tempo de 30 dias, a cicatrização do esôfago foi equivalente aos do grupo 1. Ao exame macroscópico, observaram-se apenas aderências do mediastino e pleura à cicatriz esofágica.O exame histológico revelou cicatrização normal. Concluiu-se que a sutura em questão pode ser utilizada em esofagotomias torácicas no cão, apresentando cicatrização anatômica e diminuindo a possibilidade de complicações(AU)

It was proposed a new technique for closure of the thoracic esophagotomy, with the objective to facilitate the surgical procedure. It was used 30 dogs, divided in two groups. All the animals were submitted to thoracic esophagotomy. In group 1, the esophagic incision was longitudinal and in group 2, transversal. The esophagic closure, similar in both groups, was performed with single-layer extramucosal interrupted sutures, using cotton thread. Radiographic examination with contrast was performed in the preoperative period and weekly following the surgery. The dogs were euthanatized 30 days after the surgery, and material was collected for histopathologic examination. The surgical technique was successfull and the dogs recovered normally. Radiographic examination after surgery revealed esophagic dilatation in some animals, especially on the group 2. However, at the time of 30 days, the healing of the esophagus was equivalent to that of group 1.Gross examination revealed only adhesions among esophagic scar to parietal pleura, and mediastine. The surgical scar showed good and anatomic healing. The histopahologic examination revealed normal healing. We can conclude that this surgical technique can be indicated for thoracic esophagotomy closure in the dog, showing anatomic healing, and decreasing complications(AU)

Condições higiênico-sanitárias da comercialização de carne bovina no município de Timon, MA / Sanitary conditions of the commercialized of beef in the city of Timon, MA

Caracterizam-se as condições higiênico-sanitárias da comercialização de carne bovina em açougues do Município de Timon, MA. Foram verificados 49 estabelecimentos durante visitas técnicas do Serviço de Vigilância Sanitária da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Foi aplicado um questionário junto aos comerciantes com a finalidade de obtenção de dados relativos ao abastecimento e comercialização das carnes. As informações obtidas permitiram também estimativas da quantificação do volume comercializado e a constatação das condições higiênico-sanitárias dos açougues. Os resultados revelaram uma predominante participação de carne clandestina no município e condições inadequadas durante a comercialização.(AU)

Characterize the sanitary-hygienic conditions of beef commercialized in butcher shop of the city of Timon, MA. For this were visited 49 establishments, during techniques visits of the Service of Sanitary Monitoring of the Department Municipal of Health. It applied a questionnaire among traders with the purpose of attainment relative data on the supplying and commercialization of the meats. Information obtained estimates also allowed the quantification of the volume commercialized and in observation of sanitary-hygienic conditions of butcher shop. The results disclose to a predominant participation of clandestine meat in the city and inadequate conditions during the commercialization. (AU)