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1.
Bol. ind. anim. (Impr.) ; 71: 64-64, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1466590

Resumo

This study analyzes the implementation costs of four models of integrated Crop-Livestock systems, with corn in tillage (Zea mays L.) intercropped with Brachiaria decumbens, without conventional tillage in the first year and subsequent years, while comparing them with two others grazing models used to rear Nellore females during the agricultural years of 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10. This economic study was based on the technical coefficients matrices constructed from data gathered from an experiment on Crop-Livestock Integration (CLI) developed at the Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de São José do Rio Preto (SP), no Pólo Centro Norte. In this experiment, four models of rotational grazing with Brachiaria decumbens x corn in comparison to permanent pasture of Brachiaria decumbens fertilized with two levels of nitrogen fertilizers (45 and 90 kg/ha/year), with and without correction of soil acidity, respectively. The four integration models differ by the occupation of the areas during the rainy season, with the following combinations: one or two consecutive years of corn intercropped with brachiaria, followed by one or two years of grazing. During the dry season, all areas are used as pasture. The economic results were grouped into four categories with similar characteristics in terms of area occupation and management, regardless of treatment, considering the averages: P- per


O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

2.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1466541

Resumo

Although small, the impacts caused by agriculture and livestock productive activities change the environment, which in turn reflects the stress conditions it is under. Some authors these environmental changes occur for countless reasons, many so-called natural while others are due to anthropogenic interventions. This study aims to assess milk production sustainability using the emergy analysis of indicators, considering the annual cycles of production to help decision making. A conceptual model of the milk production system using the Emergy flow chart was built at the Livestock and Agricultural Production Unit (UPA) of the Alto da Arauna Farm, located in Guzolândia, SP. After data processing, the emergy calculation table was elaborated. Several emergy sustainability indices were calculated and analyzed (indicators Renewability of Emergy Used Total, Index of Environmental Load Ratio of Investment Ratio Emergia beyond the calculations Tranformidades among others) including the Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI). The results showed that the UPA has a high impact per unit of energy source used to produce milk for the general public. The agricultural production systems with ESI value less than one (1) can be considered unsustainable in the long term. The studied UPA has good working conditions and soil conservation, but has a highly disproportionate use of economy inputs in relation


O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

3.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1466554

Resumo

The aim of this work was to evaluate the implementation of the Integrated Crop-Livestock (ICL) in beef cattle farms where the corn was planted directly on the pasture, under no-till system, in the first year. The Crop-Livestock Integration (CLI) models evaluated consisted of Brachiaria decumbens pastures intercropped with corn in the no tillage system. However, the evaluated CLI system differed from the usual system because it did not use the conventional tillage in the first year, while the conventional soil preparation and sowing of grass is used by most of the Brazilian farms. The results show that in the first year the period of time spent planting and side-dressing nitrogen   on corn was longer compared to the following years, mainly due to the lack of uniformity of the ground surface, once no conventional tillage was used to prepare the soil and these operations were performed with own implements for direct planting. Therefore, many seeds were placed either very deep or not buried, thus compromising the crop and becoming necessary to replant the corn with a manual planter. From the second year on, even though the conditions were not ideal, the ground surface became more accessible for the sowing and cultivation of corn, after the tillage of the first year. The time spent in most operations performed was longer than usual, especially planting and side-dressing nitrogen on


O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

4.
Bol. ind. anim. (Impr.) ; 69: 55-55, 2012.
Artigo em Português | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1466477

Resumo

The dairy cattle activity in São Paulo State has been depressed in recent years, evidenced by the reduction of 35.47% of dairy herd between 1996 and 2008 (LUPA) and 29.73% in milk production between the census of the IBGE (1995 and 2006). Activity remains in the Agricultural Production Units (UPA) that have adopted more intensive systems of milk production, using animals of high genetic potential, management-intensive rotational grazing or agricultural inputs, and with the objective of profit maximization. In face of environmental pressures, the problem is to know the degree of sustainability of milk production. The objective in this work was to analyze the production of milk from a farm in the municipality of Guzolândia, São Paulo State, during the period 2005/2011, using the emergy methodology to assess the sustainability of system, calculated by Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR). The UPA Alto da Araúna is dedicated to dairy cattle adopting the system of milk production semi-intensive type B; it produces on average 650 liters of milk per day with 45 lactating cows, using 30 ha of pasture with supplemental feed and silage. It has sandy soil, classified as latossol red, yellow, ortho phase, with gently rolling slopes. The UPA is administered with business structure, aiming to profit maximization and minimization of environmental impacts, seeking to maintain economically viable


O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

5.
Bol. ind. anim. (Impr.) ; 69: 54-54, 2012.
Artigo em Português | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1466490

Resumo

The adoption of differents management practices is a way to remain in the dairy business. The reduction of the dairy cattle in São Paulo was 35.47% between 1996 and 2008 (LUPA). In São Paulo State the milk production was reduced by 29.7% IBGE (1995 and 2006). In milk production systems the adoption of the rotational grazing and the use of more inputs, causes a great impact on the environment. The objective of this paper is to assess these impacts in farms with the semi-intensive system of milk production. The emergy methodology was used to calculated the renewability of milk production system. The Renewability or degree of sustainability (%R = (R/Y) 100) is the percentage of renewable emergy (R) used by the system and Y is the sum of all the resources used by the system. In long periods of time, only production systems with a high percentage of renewable emergy will prevail to the stress of today"s market, while those using a high percentage of non-renewable resources will certainly go into decline. The farm studied is located in the municipality of Guzolândia and yields 650 liters of milk per day with 45 lactating cows, 30 ha of pasture with supplemental feed and silage. The farm is administered with the objective of profit maximization and minimization of environmental impacts, seeking to maintain economically viable activity and preserve the environment. Management decisio


O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

6.
B. Indústr. Anim. ; 69: 54-54, 2012.
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-468044

Resumo

The adoption of differents management practices is a way to remain in the dairy business. The reduction of the dairy cattle in São Paulo was 35.47% between 1996 and 2008 (LUPA). In São Paulo State the milk production was reduced by 29.7% IBGE (1995 and 2006). In milk production systems the adoption of the rotational grazing and the use of more inputs, causes a great impact on the environment. The objective of this paper is to assess these impacts in farms with the semi-intensive system of milk production. The emergy methodology was used to calculated the renewability of milk production system. The Renewability or degree of sustainability (%R = (R/Y) 100) is the percentage of renewable emergy (R) used by the system and Y is the sum of all the resources used by the system. In long periods of time, only production systems with a high percentage of renewable emergy will prevail to the stress of today"s market, while those using a high percentage of non-renewable resources will certainly go into decline. The farm studied is located in the municipality of Guzolândia and yields 650 liters of milk per day with 45 lactating cows, 30 ha of pasture with supplemental feed and silage. The farm is administered with the objective of profit maximization and minimization of environmental impacts, seeking to maintain economically viable activity and preserve the environment. Management decisio


O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

7.
B. Indústr. Anim. ; 69: 55-55, 2012.
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-467805

Resumo

The dairy cattle activity in São Paulo State has been depressed in recent years, evidenced by the reduction of 35.47% of dairy herd between 1996 and 2008 (LUPA) and 29.73% in milk production between the census of the IBGE (1995 and 2006). Activity remains in the Agricultural Production Units (UPA) that have adopted more intensive systems of milk production, using animals of high genetic potential, management-intensive rotational grazing or agricultural inputs, and with the objective of profit maximization. In face of environmental pressures, the problem is to know the degree of sustainability of milk production. The objective in this work was to analyze the production of milk from a farm in the municipality of Guzolândia, São Paulo State, during the period 2005/2011, using the emergy methodology to assess the sustainability of system, calculated by Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR). The UPA Alto da Araúna is dedicated to dairy cattle adopting the system of milk production semi-intensive type B; it produces on average 650 liters of milk per day with 45 lactating cows, using 30 ha of pasture with supplemental feed and silage. It has sandy soil, classified as latossol red, yellow, ortho phase, with gently rolling slopes. The UPA is administered with business structure, aiming to profit maximization and minimization of environmental impacts, seeking to maintain economically viable


O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

8.
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-467602

Resumo

Although small, the impacts caused by agriculture and livestock productive activities change the environment, which in turn reflects the stress conditions it is under. Some authors these environmental changes occur for countless reasons, many so-called natural while others are due to anthropogenic interventions. This study aims to assess milk production sustainability using the emergy analysis of indicators, considering the annual cycles of production to help decision making. A conceptual model of the milk production system using the Emergy flow chart was built at the Livestock and Agricultural Production Unit (UPA) of the Alto da Arauna Farm, located in Guzolândia, SP. After data processing, the emergy calculation table was elaborated. Several emergy sustainability indices were calculated and analyzed (indicators Renewability of Emergy Used Total, Index of Environmental Load Ratio of Investment Ratio Emergia beyond the calculations Tranformidades among others) including the Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI). The results showed that the UPA has a high impact per unit of energy source used to produce milk for the general public. The agricultural production systems with ESI value less than one (1) can be considered unsustainable in the long term. The studied UPA has good working conditions and soil conservation, but has a highly disproportionate use of economy inputs in relation


O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

9.
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-468024

Resumo

The aim of this work was to evaluate the implementation of the Integrated Crop-Livestock (ICL) in beef cattle farms where the corn was planted directly on the pasture, under no-till system, in the first year. The Crop-Livestock Integration (CLI) models evaluated consisted of Brachiaria decumbens pastures intercropped with corn in the no tillage system. However, the evaluated CLI system differed from the usual system because it did not use the conventional tillage in the first year, while the conventional soil preparation and sowing of grass is used by most of the Brazilian farms. The results show that in the first year the period of time spent planting and side-dressing nitrogen   on corn was longer compared to the following years, mainly due to the lack of uniformity of the ground surface, once no conventional tillage was used to prepare the soil and these operations were performed with own implements for direct planting. Therefore, many seeds were placed either very deep or not buried, thus compromising the crop and becoming necessary to replant the corn with a manual planter. From the second year on, even though the conditions were not ideal, the ground surface became more accessible for the sowing and cultivation of corn, after the tillage of the first year. The time spent in most operations performed was longer than usual, especially planting and side-dressing nitrogen on


O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

10.
B. Indústr. Anim. ; 71: 64-64, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-467134

Resumo

This study analyzes the implementation costs of four models of integrated Crop-Livestock systems, with corn in tillage (Zea mays L.) intercropped with Brachiaria decumbens, without conventional tillage in the first year and subsequent years, while comparing them with two others grazing models used to rear Nellore females during the agricultural years of 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10. This economic study was based on the technical coefficients matrices constructed from data gathered from an experiment on Crop-Livestock Integration (CLI) developed at the Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de São José do Rio Preto (SP), no Pólo Centro Norte. In this experiment, four models of rotational grazing with Brachiaria decumbens x corn in comparison to permanent pasture of Brachiaria decumbens fertilized with two levels of nitrogen fertilizers (45 and 90 kg/ha/year), with and without correction of soil acidity, respectively. The four integration models differ by the occupation of the areas during the rainy season, with the following combinations: one or two consecutive years of corn intercropped with brachiaria, followed by one or two years of grazing. During the dry season, all areas are used as pasture. The economic results were grouped into four categories with similar characteristics in terms of area occupation and management, regardless of treatment, considering the averages: P- per


O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

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