Effects of ketoprofen administration on relation between acute phase proteins and metabolic parameters in cows during early lactation

Background: Acute phase proteins (APPs) are clinically useful parameters for measuring the occurrence and severity ofinflammatory responses in cattle. As large group of proteins, APPs are mainly secreted by hepatocytes whose concentrationincrease or decrease as response to tissue injury, inflammation or infection. The transition from late pregnancy to earlylactation is associated with a compromised immune status coupled with increased acute phase response. Non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used in treatment of inflammatory conditions. The main objective of the presentstudy was to analyze the effects of a preventive administration of the NSAID (ketoprofen) in post-calving dairy cows onconcentration of APPs (haptoglobin and fibrinogen) and their relationship with indicators of liver function.Materials, Methods & Results: The treatment group (n = 15) was given an intramuscular injection of ketoprofen in theconcentration of 3 mg/kg during three consecutive days after calving. The control group (n = 15) was not treated withketoprofen. Blood samples were taken from coccygeal vein, on the first day of treatment and in the first and second weekpostpartum and they were analyzed for metabolic parameters (albumin and aspartat aminotransferaze) and APPs such ashaptoglobin and fibrinogen. Compared with control, ketoprofen administration decrease the levels of haptoglobin and fibrinogen and AST activity. Increase in albumin concentration was recorded in experimental group of cows compared withcontrol. Negative correlations (P < 0.01) were found between the haptoglobin concentration and albumin concentrationand aspartate aminotransferaze activity. Discussion: As inflammatory indicator in dairy cows, it is recorded that serum concentrations of haptoglobin is increasedduring mastitis. Beside haptoglobin, fibrinogen represents one of the APPs whose serum concentration increases during response in the acute phase. During the first and second week...

Contamination of cow milk by heavy metals in Serbia

Background: Dairy cows are exposed to numerous environmental hazards, such as heavy metals. Milk and dairy productscould be harmful to humans when maximum tolerable amounts of heavy metals are exceeded. Analysis of heavy metals inmilk is important because milk is a source of essential nutrients and is an indicator of environmental contamination. Someheavy metals are essential to maintain proper metabolic activity in living organisms, but at exceeded levels they could betoxic to living organisms. The main objective of the present study was to determine the residue levels of ten heavy metals(As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in cow milk in Serbia.Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was conducted at three farms at Vojvodina district, Serbia. Cows fromall three farms were on pasture during spring and summer time. Randomly 50 cows from each farm were taken for thisexperiment. The cows have similar body condition score they were in their third or fourth lactation and gave approximatelythe same amount of milk in the previous lactation. Total 150 milk samples were collected from cows during the morningmilking, in the period between April to May in 2016. All 150 milk samples were transported to laboratory as soon as possible and analyzed for the heavy metals. Heavy metals were analyzed by Inductance coupled plasma - optical emissionspectrometry. Data are presented as mean values ± sd. Statistical analysis was done by one way repeated measures analysisof variance (ANOVA). The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. The highest average concentration in cow milk wasdetermined for Iron (283.9 mg/kg), then for Zinc (60.21 mg/kg) and Copper (4.404 mg/kg), while the lowest concentrationwas for Cobalt and Lead (less than 0.005 mg/kg).Discussion: Bioaccumulation is one of the biggest problems with heavy metals. Heavy metals residues in milk can be verydangerous for the calves and humans as well...

Effects of ketoprofen administration on relation between acute phase proteins and metabolic parameters in cows during early lactation

Background: Acute phase proteins (APPs) are clinically useful parameters for measuring the occurrence and severity ofinflammatory responses in cattle. As large group of proteins, APPs are mainly secreted by hepatocytes whose concentrationincrease or decrease as response to tissue injury, inflammation or infection. The transition from late pregnancy to earlylactation is associated with a compromised immune status coupled with increased acute phase response. Non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used in treatment of inflammatory conditions. The main objective of the presentstudy was to analyze the effects of a preventive administration of the NSAID (ketoprofen) in post-calving dairy cows onconcentration of APPs (haptoglobin and fibrinogen) and their relationship with indicators of liver function.Materials, Methods & Results: The treatment group (n = 15) was given an intramuscular injection of ketoprofen in theconcentration of 3 mg/kg during three consecutive days after calving. The control group (n = 15) was not treated withketoprofen. Blood samples were taken from coccygeal vein, on the first day of treatment and in the first and second weekpostpartum and they were analyzed for metabolic parameters (albumin and aspartat aminotransferaze) and APPs such ashaptoglobin and fibrinogen. Compared with control, ketoprofen administration decrease the levels of haptoglobin and fibrinogen and AST activity. Increase in albumin concentration was recorded in experimental group of cows compared withcontrol. Negative correlations (P < 0.01) were found between the haptoglobin concentration and albumin concentrationand aspartate aminotransferaze activity. Discussion: As inflammatory indicator in dairy cows, it is recorded that serum concentrations of haptoglobin is increasedduring mastitis. Beside haptoglobin, fibrinogen represents one of the APPs whose serum concentration increases during response in the acute phase. During the first and second week...(AU)

Contamination of cow milk by heavy metals in Serbia

Background: Dairy cows are exposed to numerous environmental hazards, such as heavy metals. Milk and dairy productscould be harmful to humans when maximum tolerable amounts of heavy metals are exceeded. Analysis of heavy metals inmilk is important because milk is a source of essential nutrients and is an indicator of environmental contamination. Someheavy metals are essential to maintain proper metabolic activity in living organisms, but at exceeded levels they could betoxic to living organisms. The main objective of the present study was to determine the residue levels of ten heavy metals(As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in cow milk in Serbia.Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was conducted at three farms at Vojvodina district, Serbia. Cows fromall three farms were on pasture during spring and summer time. Randomly 50 cows from each farm were taken for thisexperiment. The cows have similar body condition score they were in their third or fourth lactation and gave approximatelythe same amount of milk in the previous lactation. Total 150 milk samples were collected from cows during the morningmilking, in the period between April to May in 2016. All 150 milk samples were transported to laboratory as soon as possible and analyzed for the heavy metals. Heavy metals were analyzed by Inductance coupled plasma - optical emissionspectrometry. Data are presented as mean values ± sd. Statistical analysis was done by one way repeated measures analysisof variance (ANOVA). The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. The highest average concentration in cow milk wasdetermined for Iron (283.9 mg/kg), then for Zinc (60.21 mg/kg) and Copper (4.404 mg/kg), while the lowest concentrationwas for Cobalt and Lead (less than 0.005 mg/kg).Discussion: Bioaccumulation is one of the biggest problems with heavy metals. Heavy metals residues in milk can be verydangerous for the calves and humans as well...(AU)

Transmission of Coxiella burnetii to calves from infected cows

Background: Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of a very important disease with zoonotic potential. Infected cowsrepresent risk for spreading of infection to humans and to other animals on farm and also to their offspring. There is possibility for calves from infected cows to be infected nearly after parturition or during intrauterine life. Studies have shownthat Coxiella burnetii initially infects the placenta and subsequent spread to the fetus may occur either by haematogenousor by the amniotic-oral route providing congenital infection. The main objective of the present study is to determine thepresence of Coxiella burnetii genome in milk serum of infected cows and blood serum of calves.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 200 blood serums from dairy cows were tested for presence of antibodies toCoxiella burnetii and nine of those were found positive. These animals compiled experimental group. From animals inexperimental group milk samples during lactation, pregnancy and the postpartum period were collected. Samples wereused for performing PCR test for determination of Coxiella burnetii presence in milk serum. On calving of each cow bloodsamples were taken from calves during first 24 hours after calving, from jugular vein. These blood samples were also usedfor PCR test to determine the presence of Coxiella burnetii. Milk serum analysis showed presence of Coxiella burnetiigenome in serum, indicating on intermittent excretion. During lactation, the excretion of bacteria was greatest in the second stage when 80% of milk serum samples were positive for Coxiella burnetii. In the colostrums stage, there was a highpercentage of Coxiella burnetii excretion through milk (50% of positive milk serum samples). The lowest percentage ofexcretion through milk was in the first stage of lactation. Analyzing blood serum samples from calves, taken on first dayat calving using PCR method, all serums were positive for presence of Coxiella...

Transmission of Coxiella burnetii to calves from infected cows

Background: Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of a very important disease with zoonotic potential. Infected cowsrepresent risk for spreading of infection to humans and to other animals on farm and also to their offspring. There is possibility for calves from infected cows to be infected nearly after parturition or during intrauterine life. Studies have shownthat Coxiella burnetii initially infects the placenta and subsequent spread to the fetus may occur either by haematogenousor by the amniotic-oral route providing congenital infection. The main objective of the present study is to determine thepresence of Coxiella burnetii genome in milk serum of infected cows and blood serum of calves.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 200 blood serums from dairy cows were tested for presence of antibodies toCoxiella burnetii and nine of those were found positive. These animals compiled experimental group. From animals inexperimental group milk samples during lactation, pregnancy and the postpartum period were collected. Samples wereused for performing PCR test for determination of Coxiella burnetii presence in milk serum. On calving of each cow bloodsamples were taken from calves during first 24 hours after calving, from jugular vein. These blood samples were also usedfor PCR test to determine the presence of Coxiella burnetii. Milk serum analysis showed presence of Coxiella burnetiigenome in serum, indicating on intermittent excretion. During lactation, the excretion of bacteria was greatest in the second stage when 80% of milk serum samples were positive for Coxiella burnetii. In the colostrums stage, there was a highpercentage of Coxiella burnetii excretion through milk (50% of positive milk serum samples). The lowest percentage ofexcretion through milk was in the first stage of lactation. Analyzing blood serum samples from calves, taken on first dayat calving using PCR method, all serums were positive for presence of Coxiella...(AU)

Analysis of different diagnostis methods of influenza in horses

Background: Equine Influenza is a serious, acute respiratory illness with characteristical clinical signs. The disease is caused by family of Orthomyxoviridae, genera Influenza virus A by two subtypes H7N7 and H3N8. Currently, there is believe that H7N7 has been replaced as a predominant subtype with the H3N8. Horse infection with influenza virus can be detected by serological tests on paired sera using HI test. Commercial rapid tests could be used for the detection of influenza virus. Recently it is widely use a PCR method as fast and more specific methods. Materials, Methods & Results: Fifty horses and one pony, age between one and 22 years have been included in experiment. Horses were of different race, sex, and age and vaccination status. Ten out of total 51 (10/51) have been regularly vaccinated against EI. Prior to initiation of these study epidemiological survey has been performed. The clinical examination has been followed by blood sampling for blood cell and serum extraction. The serums were evaluated by HI method. Nasal swabs are taken from both nostrils twice, one was frozen for virus detection by RT-qPCR while another was used for detection of EI virus by Directi-gen FLU A rapid test. Analysis of titers of antibody reveled that 7 horses (14%) had specific antibodies (IgG) against subtype H7N7, while 9 horses (18%) had specific antibodies against H3N8 [...](AU)

Analysis of different diagnostis methods of influenza in horses

Background: Equine Influenza is a serious, acute respiratory illness with characteristical clinical signs. The disease is caused by family of Orthomyxoviridae, genera Influenza virus A by two subtypes H7N7 and H3N8. Currently, there is believe that H7N7 has been replaced as a predominant subtype with the H3N8. Horse infection with influenza virus can be detected by serological tests on paired sera using HI test. Commercial rapid tests could be used for the detection of influenza virus. Recently it is widely use a PCR method as fast and more specific methods. Materials, Methods & Results: Fifty horses and one pony, age between one and 22 years have been included in experiment. Horses were of different race, sex, and age and vaccination status. Ten out of total 51 (10/51) have been regularly vaccinated against EI. Prior to initiation of these study epidemiological survey has been performed. The clinical examination has been followed by blood sampling for blood cell and serum extraction. The serums were evaluated by HI method. Nasal swabs are taken from both nostrils twice, one was frozen for virus detection by RT-qPCR while another was used for detection of EI virus by Directi-gen FLU A rapid test. Analysis of titers of antibody reveled that 7 horses (14%) had specific antibodies (IgG) against subtype H7N7, while 9 horses (18%) had specific antibodies against H3N8 [...]

Hematological parameters in cows in early lactation treated with ketoprofen and their relationship with lipid mobilization and ketogenesis

Background: Dairy cows are exposed to numerous hematological and biochemical changes, what is bringing cows into the state of increased metabolic activity and physiological adaptations. These adaptive processes have resulted in increased lipid mobilization and ketogenesis with increased concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). As a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketoprofen produces anti-inflammatory effects. The main objective of the present study was to found relationship between hematological parameters and ketoprofen administration and high lipid mobilization and ketogenesis in cows treated with ketoprofen immediately after calving. Materials, Methods & Results: Ketoprofen was used (3 mg/kg body weight) intramuscularly for three consecutive days post-partum on 15 cows of Holstein-Friesian breed. Cows of the control group (n = 15) were not treated with ketoprofen. Blood samples were collected at the day of calving, in the first and in the second week after parturition from the coccygeal vein of the both groups. Hematological parameters (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, neutrophils, lymphocytes and mean platelet volume) were determined on the automatic hematological counter. Metabolic parameters (NEFA, BHB) were determined by standard colorimetric kits using a semi-automatic biochemistry analyzer. Students t-test was used to [...](AU)

Hematological parameters in cows in early lactation treated with ketoprofen and their relationship with lipid mobilization and ketogenesis

Background: Dairy cows are exposed to numerous hematological and biochemical changes, what is bringing cows into the state of increased metabolic activity and physiological adaptations. These adaptive processes have resulted in increased lipid mobilization and ketogenesis with increased concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). As a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketoprofen produces anti-inflammatory effects. The main objective of the present study was to found relationship between hematological parameters and ketoprofen administration and high lipid mobilization and ketogenesis in cows treated with ketoprofen immediately after calving. Materials, Methods & Results: Ketoprofen was used (3 mg/kg body weight) intramuscularly for three consecutive days post-partum on 15 cows of Holstein-Friesian breed. Cows of the control group (n = 15) were not treated with ketoprofen. Blood samples were collected at the day of calving, in the first and in the second week after parturition from the coccygeal vein of the both groups. Hematological parameters (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, neutrophils, lymphocytes and mean platelet volume) were determined on the automatic hematological counter. Metabolic parameters (NEFA, BHB) were determined by standard colorimetric kits using a semi-automatic biochemistry analyzer. Students t-test was used to [...]

Zinc effect on milk somatic cell count in dairy cows

Background: The cow’s requirement of zinc must be provided in the diet. The contents vary between different feedstuffs,and can be negatively influenced by factors like soil type, harvest, storage conditions. Also vary due to stage of lactation andhealth status of cow. Therefore, extra supplementation of zinc is sometimes warranted. Adequate zinc intake is particularlyimportant during the late dry period and the early stages of lactation in order to prevent diseases around parturition. Theaim of this study was to measure the concentrations of zinc in blood samples taken from dairy cows in different state oflactation and comparing with somatic cell count in cows milk.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 45 Holstain cows were divided on days of milking into 3 groups of 15 cows (groupA, B and C). All cows were stabling with dry straw for bedding and with ad libitum access to potable water, and feed bytotal mixed ration. Blood samples were taken after the morning milking from the caudal vein by applying the principles ofasepsis and antisepsis. Blood samples were taken in vacutainer tubes with added anticoagulant K3E in quantities of 0.072mL. Milk samples were taken during morning milking. The whole milk samples were taken with milk meter for somaticcell count. When quarter milk samples were taken the teat ends were disinfected. After analyzing the results, blood meanzinc concentration was found to be lower in group B of cows. Group C had highest level of blood zinc concentration. Themean estimate blood zinc concentration in group A was 16.66 µmol/L, in group B was 8.26 µmol/L and in group C was17.82 µmol/L. Mean value of milk somatic cell count in group A was 298.67/mL, in group B was 451.33/mL and in groupC 492.67/mL...

Zinc effect on milk somatic cell count in dairy cows

Background: The cows requirement of zinc must be provided in the diet. The contents vary between different feedstuffs,and can be negatively influenced by factors like soil type, harvest, storage conditions. Also vary due to stage of lactation andhealth status of cow. Therefore, extra supplementation of zinc is sometimes warranted. Adequate zinc intake is particularlyimportant during the late dry period and the early stages of lactation in order to prevent diseases around parturition. Theaim of this study was to measure the concentrations of zinc in blood samples taken from dairy cows in different state oflactation and comparing with somatic cell count in cows milk.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 45 Holstain cows were divided on days of milking into 3 groups of 15 cows (groupA, B and C). All cows were stabling with dry straw for bedding and with ad libitum access to potable water, and feed bytotal mixed ration. Blood samples were taken after the morning milking from the caudal vein by applying the principles ofasepsis and antisepsis. Blood samples were taken in vacutainer tubes with added anticoagulant K3E in quantities of 0.072mL. Milk samples were taken during morning milking. The whole milk samples were taken with milk meter for somaticcell count. When quarter milk samples were taken the teat ends were disinfected. After analyzing the results, blood meanzinc concentration was found to be lower in group B of cows. Group C had highest level of blood zinc concentration. Themean estimate blood zinc concentration in group A was 16.66 µmol/L, in group B was 8.26 µmol/L and in group C was17.82 µmol/L. Mean value of milk somatic cell count in group A was 298.67/mL, in group B was 451.33/mL and in groupC 492.67/mL...(AU)