Dioctophyme renale in wandering dogs in Pelotas, South of Brasil / Dioctophyme renale em cães errantes no município de Pelotas, Sul do Brasil

Abstract This study aimed to verify the occurrence of Dioctophyme renale in stray dogs in the city of Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas received 146 wandering dogs for necropsy, sent by the City Hall of Pelotas from March 2012 to January 2020. Among the necropsied animals, seventeen dogs (11.64%) were diagnosed with dioctophymosis. Among these dogs, 11 were parasitized with one specimen in the right kidney, two dogs presented two specimens in the right kidney, and in other two dogs, the parasites were in the abdominal cavity. In one dog, two parasites were found in the left kidney; in another dog, both kidneys were parasitized, with two parasites in the right kidney and one in the left kidney. The data obtained in this study showed that the occurrence of D. renale in stray dogs in the city of Pelotas is high, and D. renale mainly parasitizes the right kidney.

Resumo Este trabalho possui como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de D. renale em cães errantes do município de Pelotas, no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Universidade Federal de Pelotas recebeu 146 cães errantes para necropsia, encaminhados pela Prefeitura Municipal de Pelotas, no período de março de 2012 a janeiro de 2020. Dentre os cães necropsiados, 17 animais foram diagnosticados com dioctofimose, determinando uma ocorrência de 11,64%. Desses animais, onze estavam parasitados com um exemplar no rim direito, dois animais possuíam dois exemplares no rim direito. Em dois animais, os parasitas estavam na cavidade abdominal; em um animal havia, dois parasitas no rim esquerdo e noutro animal os dois rins estavam parasitados, tendo dois exemplares no rim direito e um exemplar no rim esquerdo. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho permitem concluir que é elevada a ocorrência de D. renale nos cães errantes do município de Pelotas, parasitando principalmente o rim direito.

Monocephalus dipygus dibrachius em cadela Shih Tzu / Monocephalus dipygus dibrachius in a Shih Tzu bitch

Background: Congenital anomalies are structural, functional, or metabolic defects caused by a combination of environmental, genetic, or even iatrogenic factors. Genetic defects, which can be inherited, are more common in purebred dogs. Teratogenic factors such as radiation, toxins, chemical agents, infectious diseases, mechanical influences, drugs given to the mother, and nutrition can affect the litter during gestational development. The incomplete division of a fertilized egg results in monozygotic, conjoined or Siamese twins, which are animals with complete or incomplete duplications. This paper reports on an adult bitch with monocephalus dipygus dibrachius and the surgical procedures. Case: A 2-year-old female Shih Tzu weighing 5 kg was admitted to a veterinary clinic, presenting with swelling and myiasis near the anus and several development disorders, characterized by 2 pelvises, 2 anuses, 2 vulvas, 2 forelimbs and 6 hindlimbs. Her physiological parameters were otherwise normal. Only the dog's myiasis was treated at this time due to the owner's financial straits. After 5 months, the owner brought the bitch back to the veterinary clinic because the animal presented with fecaloma in 1 of the anuses. Radiography revealed numerous alterations: seven lumbar vertebrae with marked vertebral axis deviation, reduced disc space, as well as ankylosis and fused ventral spondylosis at L6 and L7. Two pelvises fused medially by the wings of the ileum, with slight deviation and thinning of pelvic bones. Four hip joints and medial joints with pelvic avulsion and bone remnants of the pelvic limbs. Acetabular tearing slightly flattened femoral head and thickened femoral neck. Caudal vertebrae and vertebral axis located in left pelvis. Left lateral patella inserted in the trochlear groove and lateral dislocation of right patella. Right patellofemoral joint with smooth surface, preserved intra-articular density and cranial displacement of the tibia relative to the femoral condyles (cranial cruciate ligament rupture). An ultrasound analysis revealed 2 bladders. Two months later surgery was performed due to recurrent complications. During laparotomy 2 uteruses, 2 bladders and bifurcation of the intestine were observed. Ovariosalpingohysterectomy was performed in both uterus and enterectomy of the problematic intestinal portion. After 2 days of the surgery, blood transfusion was performed. After 2 days of the transfusion, there was extravasation of yellow fluid from the surgical cut and abdominal palpation was indicative of bladder rupture, so the patient was sent to emergency surgery. Unilateral nephrectomy and ureterectomy, and ruptured bladder cystectomy were performed. The dog remained hospitalized for 24 days after surgery, before it was released. Discussion: The classification of conjoined twins is based on the location of the junction and the number of limbs. Monocephalus dipygus dibrachius was diagnosed based on the fact that the dog had 1 skull, 2 thoracic limbs and 4 pelvic limbs, as well as the corresponding genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract alterations. Imaging scans are extremely important for a proper diagnosis to ensure appropriate surgery planning. The bitch was the result of inbreeding between a male dog and its offspring, which probably contributed to this malformation. There are very few reports of surviving adult conjoined animals, and even fewer descriptions of successful surgical treatments. To the best of knowledge of the authors, there are no previous reports of a surviving adult dog suffering from this malformation.

Aspergilose sistêmica em potro (Equus caballus) / Systemic aspergillosis in a foals - Equus caballus

O gênero Aspergillus compreende espécies de fungos saprotróficos, globalmente distribuídos, sendo os Aspergillus seção Fumigati conhecidos por causarem doença em humanos e animais imunocomprometidos. Os sinais clínicos dependem do sistema acometido, podendo apresentar febre branda, cólicas intensas, pneumonias, micose de bolsa gutural, e, ocasionalmente, lesões no sistema nervoso central. O presente trabalho objetiva relatar os sinais clínicos, os achados de necropsia e a histologia de um caso de aspergilose sistêmica em um potro de oito meses de idade. O animal apresentava refluxo enterogástrico, peristaltismo aumentado, fezes pastosas, dor abdominal e desidratação intensa. O quadro clínico evoluiu para óbito e o cadáver foi encaminhado para a necropsia. Macroscopicamente, havia sufusões e equimoses na serosa do trato gastrointestinal e ulcerações na mucosa do intestino delgado. No pulmão, havia nódulos multifocais, esbranquiçados e firmes que, ao corte, apresentavam-se císticos, com revestimento interno vinhoso e friável. O coração exibia áreas esbranquiçadas multifocais no miocárdio e os rins continham nódulos avermelhados nas regiões cortical e medular. No encéfalo, havia áreas multifocais amareladas e hemorrágicas com bordos avermelhados. Microscopicamente, observaram-se áreas multifocais de necrose com infiltrado inflamatório granulomatoso no intestino, pulmão, encéfalo, miocárdio e nos rins. Hifas fúngicas intralesionais e intravasculares foram observadas no encéfalo e no pulmão. Estruturas de fenótipo compatível com Aspergillus fumigatus foram observadas na cultura fúngica. Amostras encaminhadas para virologia apresentaram-se positivas para Herpesvírus Equino (HVE) tipo 1 e 4. O diagnóstico de aspergilose sistêmica foi determinado pelo histórico clínico, imunossupressão, achados macroscópicos, histológicos, isolamento do fungo e à infecção concomitante por HVE.

The Aspergillus genus comprises globally distributed species of saprotrophic fungi, with the Aspergillus section Fumigatus known to cause diseases in humans and immunocompromised animals. Clinical signs depend on the affected system, exhibiting mild fever, severe colic, pneumonia, guttural bag mycosis and occasionally lesions in the central nervous system. The present work aims to report the clinical signs, necropsy findings and histology of a case of systemic aspergillosis in an eight-months-old foal. The animal had enterogastric reflux, increased peristalsis, pasty feces, abdominal pain and severe dehydration. The condition evolved to death and the cadaver was sent for necropsy. Macroscopically, there were suffusions and ecchymosis in the serosa of the gastrointestinal tract and ulcerations in the mucosa of the small intestines. In the lung, there were multifocal, whitish and firm nodules that were cystic when cut with a friable winey internal lining. The heart had whitish multifocal areas in the myocardium and the kidneys contained reddish nodules in the cortical and medullary regions. In the brain there were yellowish and hemorrhagic multifocal areas with reddish borders. Microscopically, multifocal areas of necrosis with granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate were observed in the intestine, lung, brain, myocardium and kidneys. Intralesional and intravascular fungal were observed in the brain and lung. Structures with phenotype compatible with Aspergillus fumigatus were observed in the fungal culture. In virology, samples were positive for equine herpesvirus (HVE) types 1 and 4. The diagnosis of systemic aspergillosis was determined due to the clinical history, immunosuppression, macroscopic and histological findings, fungal isolation and concomitant HVE infection.

Osteopatia craniomandibular em cães sem raça definida / Craniomandibular osteopathy in mixed breed dogs

Background: Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO) is a degenerative, osteopetrotic, and self-limiting bone disease that is rare in the canine species. The most affected bones and joints are the branches of the mandible, tympanic bulla, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with generalized thickening of the bone trabeculae, increased lines of bone cementation, and bone proliferation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate 2 cases of CMO in mixed-breed dogs belonging to the same litter sent to the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD / FV / UFPel). Cases: Three dogs (mixed-breed, 2 females and 1 male) belonging to the same litter presented at eight months of age with increases in volume and pain in the face, difficulties in moving the jaw, anorexia, and sialorrhea. The 2 bitches were euthanized and sent to LRD / FV / UFPel for necropsy. The animals underwent radiography of the left and right lateral and dorsoventral lateral projections in the imaging sector of the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária (HCV) at UFPel. During the necropsy, fragments of organs from the abdominal and thoracic cavities, as well as the central nervous system and head bones, were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. The tissue samples were cleaved, processed routinely, embedded in paraffin, cut into sections of 3 µm thickness, and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The bone fragments were decalcified in a 50/50 solution of 8% hydrochloric acid and 8% formic acid and subsequently cleaved and stained with HE. The head and jaw of one of the canines were dissected and subjected to maceration in water at room temperature. Radiographic examination of the 2 remaining animals showed irregular and exuberant bone proliferation in the mandible and temporomandibular region. In the tympanic bullae, occipital bone, and zygomatic process, thickening of the structures was observed with increased opacity. On necropsy, the canines were cachectic with marked muscle atrophy and increased volume of the mandibular branches and head bones, in addition to marked edema in the adjacent subcutaneous tissue. The regional lymph nodes were enlarged, and in one of the animals, bilateral lesions in the femurs were also observed. In the head subjected to biological maceration, areas of bone proliferation and rarefaction were observed, with increased volume and destruction of the TMJ. On histopathological evaluation of the ventral portion of the mandibular bodies, a network of bony trabeculae was observed, composed of a chondroid matrix with different degrees of mineralization. The cortical portion of the bones exhibited loss of lamellar compactness, with greater spread of the bone trabeculae. The bone trabeculae were perpendicular to the long axis of the cortical of the mandible and were distributed in the medullary spaces, presenting some dense foci of inflammatory infiltrates composed predominantly of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Discussion: The breeds most predisposed to developing CMO are West Highland White Terrier and Scottish Terrier; however, the disease has also been described in other non-Terrier breed. Nevertheless, there are no descriptions in the literature of mixed-breed dogs, with this report being the first of CMO in mixed-breed dogs. The bones most frequently affected in CMO are those of the head. In Terrier dogs, the TMJ is also affected. In the cases of this study, severe CMO occurred, affecting both the head bones and TMJ, and in 1 of the canines, it also affected the femurs. Although CMO has not previously been reported in mixed-breed dogs, the condition can seriously affect these animals, and differential diagnosis should always be made.(AU)

Aspergilose sistêmica em potro (Equus caballus) / Systemic aspergillosis in a foals - Equus caballus

O gênero Aspergillus compreende espécies de fungos saprotróficos, globalmente distribuídos, sendo os Aspergillus seção Fumigati conhecidos por causarem doença em humanos e animais imunocomprometidos. Os sinais clínicos dependem do sistema acometido, podendo apresentar febre branda, cólicas intensas, pneumonias, micose de bolsa gutural, e, ocasionalmente, lesões no sistema nervoso central. O presente trabalho objetiva relatar os sinais clínicos, os achados de necropsia e a histologia de um caso de aspergilose sistêmica em um potro de oito meses de idade. O animal apresentava refluxo enterogástrico, peristaltismo aumentado, fezes pastosas, dor abdominal e desidratação intensa. O quadro clínico evoluiu para óbito e o cadáver foi encaminhado para a necropsia. Macroscopicamente, havia sufusões e equimoses na serosa do trato gastrointestinal e ulcerações na mucosa do intestino delgado. No pulmão, havia nódulos multifocais, esbranquiçados e firmes que, ao corte, apresentavam-se císticos, com revestimento interno vinhoso e friável. O coração exibia áreas esbranquiçadas multifocais no miocárdio e os rins continham nódulos avermelhados nas regiões cortical e medular. No encéfalo, havia áreas multifocais amareladas e hemorrágicas com bordos avermelhados. Microscopicamente, observaram-se áreas multifocais de necrose com infiltrado inflamatório granulomatoso no intestino, pulmão, encéfalo, miocárdio e nos rins. Hifas fúngicas intralesionais e intravasculares foram observadas no encéfalo e no pulmão. Estruturas de fenótipo compatível com Aspergillus fumigatus foram observadas na cultura fúngica. Amostras encaminhadas para virologia apresentaram-se positivas para Herpesvírus Equino (HVE) tipo 1 e 4. O diagnóstico de aspergilose sistêmica foi determinado pelo histórico clínico, imunossupressão, achados macroscópicos, histológicos, isolamento do fungo e à infecção concomitante por HVE.(AU)

The Aspergillus genus comprises globally distributed species of saprotrophic fungi, with the Aspergillus section Fumigatus known to cause diseases in humans and immunocompromised animals. Clinical signs depend on the affected system, exhibiting mild fever, severe colic, pneumonia, guttural bag mycosis and occasionally lesions in the central nervous system. The present work aims to report the clinical signs, necropsy findings and histology of a case of systemic aspergillosis in an eight-months-old foal. The animal had enterogastric reflux, increased peristalsis, pasty feces, abdominal pain and severe dehydration. The condition evolved to death and the cadaver was sent for necropsy. Macroscopically, there were suffusions and ecchymosis in the serosa of the gastrointestinal tract and ulcerations in the mucosa of the small intestines. In the lung, there were multifocal, whitish and firm nodules that were cystic when cut with a friable winey internal lining. The heart had whitish multifocal areas in the myocardium and the kidneys contained reddish nodules in the cortical and medullary regions. In the brain there were yellowish and hemorrhagic multifocal areas with reddish borders. Microscopically, multifocal areas of necrosis with granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate were observed in the intestine, lung, brain, myocardium and kidneys. Intralesional and intravascular fungal were observed in the brain and lung. Structures with phenotype compatible with Aspergillus fumigatus were observed in the fungal culture. In virology, samples were positive for equine herpesvirus (HVE) types 1 and 4. The diagnosis of systemic aspergillosis was determined due to the clinical history, immunosuppression, macroscopic and histological findings, fungal isolation and concomitant HVE infection.(AU)

Multiple metastases of a transmissible venereal tumor in a dog

Background: Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a common contagious neoplasm in dogs that spreads through coitus.Extra-genital presentations of this tumor are frequent and usually develop through implantation of neoplastic cells onexposed mucosae. TVT metastasis is rare, and when it happens it’s usually affecting regional lymph nodes and adjacentcutaneous tissue.Case: A female mixed breed dog, with estimated age of 7 to 11 months old, was rescued from the streets and taken to aveterinary clinic in the city of Porto Alegre, RS. The animal had multiple nodules on its body, vulva, ocular mucosa, andgingiva, along with signs of malnutrition and apathy. Cytological examination of the nodules and vulva was done andyielded a cytologic picture compatible with TVT. Weakly treatment with 0,3mg/m² vincristine sulphate was used untilclinical cure was noted. Approximately two weeks after clinical cure, the dog showed a blue colored eye and was referredfor ophthalmological, where it was diagnosed with vision loss due to glaucoma secondary to a neoplasm. The eye wasthen removed and sent for histopathological evaluation. Histopathology of the eye was compatible with TVT diagnosis.One month after enucleation the animal display dispenia, pain, aggressiveness and epistaxis. The animal was euthanizedand submitted for post-mortem evaluation. At necropsy there was a well-defined grayish-white, nodule near the thalamus.Similar nodules were also found on the lung, and anterior chamber of the eye. Histologically, all the nodules were compatible with TVT. Immunohistochemical examination was done, with the neoplastic cells being positive for vimentin andnegative for cytokeratin, CD79a, CD3 and CD117. Based on the post-mortem examination and clinical history, diagnosisof TVT...

Multiple metastases of a transmissible venereal tumor in a dog

Background: Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a common contagious neoplasm in dogs that spreads through coitus.Extra-genital presentations of this tumor are frequent and usually develop through implantation of neoplastic cells onexposed mucosae. TVT metastasis is rare, and when it happens its usually affecting regional lymph nodes and adjacentcutaneous tissue.Case: A female mixed breed dog, with estimated age of 7 to 11 months old, was rescued from the streets and taken to aveterinary clinic in the city of Porto Alegre, RS. The animal had multiple nodules on its body, vulva, ocular mucosa, andgingiva, along with signs of malnutrition and apathy. Cytological examination of the nodules and vulva was done andyielded a cytologic picture compatible with TVT. Weakly treatment with 0,3mg/m² vincristine sulphate was used untilclinical cure was noted. Approximately two weeks after clinical cure, the dog showed a blue colored eye and was referredfor ophthalmological, where it was diagnosed with vision loss due to glaucoma secondary to a neoplasm. The eye wasthen removed and sent for histopathological evaluation. Histopathology of the eye was compatible with TVT diagnosis.One month after enucleation the animal display dispenia, pain, aggressiveness and epistaxis. The animal was euthanizedand submitted for post-mortem evaluation. At necropsy there was a well-defined grayish-white, nodule near the thalamus.Similar nodules were also found on the lung, and anterior chamber of the eye. Histologically, all the nodules were compatible with TVT. Immunohistochemical examination was done, with the neoplastic cells being positive for vimentin andnegative for cytokeratin, CD79a, CD3 and CD117. Based on the post-mortem examination and clinical history, diagnosisof TVT...(AU)