Hambúrgueres de aparas de jacaré-do-pantanal (Caiman yacare) submetidos a diferentes técnicas de defumação / Hamburguers from pantanal caiman meat (Caiman yacare) subjected to different smoking techniques

Avaliaram-se hambúrgueres de aparas de jacaré-do-pantanal (Caiman yacare) quanto à composição centesimal, cor e análise sensorial. O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso, em três tratamentos: T1= sem defumação; T2= defumação a quente e T3= defumação líquida, e nove repetições. As aparas foram moídas e condimentadas para o hambúrguer. Os hambúrgueres para defumação a quente foram colocados no defumador 60 min a 60ºC com gerador de fumaça por fricção. Foi pulverizada fumaça líquida, sobre os produtos (T3), e estes foram colocados em desidratador por 60 min a 60ºC. Houve diferença significativa quanto à composição centesimal entre os hambúrgueres defumados, T2 = 43,1% e T3 = 60,9%, e verificou-se menor teor de umidade em relação aos sem defumação, 73,3%. A proteína, 39,9%, e as cinzas, 6,1%, foram mais altas nos defumados a quente. Os hambúrgueres defumados a quente apresentaram menor luminosidade, 42,05, e maiores valores do croma a*, 14,65, e b*, 28,57, em relação aos demais tratamentos. As variáveis sensoriais foram significativas para sabor, textura e aceitação geral. Os produtos defumados a quente apresentaram a pior aceitação. Concluiu-se que a defumação a quente proporciona produtos com menor teor de umidade, com pigmentação mais intensa, porém menos aceitos pelos provadores.(AU)

Hamburgers made from minced meat of Pantanal caiman (Caiman yacare) were evaluated for their centesimal composition, color and sensory perception. The experiment was structured in a completely randomized design with three treatments (T1 = no smoke; T2 = smoked with hot smoke and T3 = smoked with liquid smoke), with nine repetitions each. The meat was minced and seasoned for the hamburgers. The hamburgers destined to hot smoking were placed in the smoker (60 min at 60ºC) with smoke generated through friction. The liquid smoke was sprayed in the samples (T3), next they were placed in dehydrators (60 min at 60ºC). There was a significant difference in centesimal composition, the smoked hamburgers (T2 = 43.1% and T3 = 60.9%) presenting significantly less moisture than non-smoked products (73.3%). Protein (39.9%) and ash (6.1%) were higher for the hot-smoked samples. The hot-smoked hamburgers had less luminosity (42.05) and higher values of chroma a* (14.65) and b* (28.57) than the other treatments. The sensorial parameters evaluated were significant for flavor, texture and general acceptance. The hot-smoked products had the worst acceptance. It was concluded that the hot smoke provided products with less moisture and higher pigmentation, but with less acceptance from the judges.(AU)

The inclusion of coffee in commercial layer diets

This experiment aimed at evaluating the effect of the dietary inclusion of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on the performance and internal and external egg quality of commercial layers. One hundred and twenty 25-week-old Hy-line Brown layers, with 1575 ± 91 average body weight, were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments (control, 1.2% caffeinated coffee, or 1.2% decaffeinated coffee) of five replicates of eight birds each. The inclusion of 1.2% caffeinated coffee was calculated to supply 6mg caffeine per kg body weight, which is considered a moderate dose. The applied treatments did not influence (p>0.05) feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, Haugh units, yolk color or albumen and yolk percentages. The eggs of hens fed 1.2% caffeinated coffee presented lower (p 0.05) eggshell thickness and egg specific density. The eggs of layers fed 1.2% caffeinated coffee tended (p=0.0637) to present lower eggshell percentage. It was concluded that feeding caffeinated coffee to commercial layers does not affect their performance or internal egg quality; however, eggshell quality is impaired.

The inclusion of coffee in commercial layer diets

This experiment aimed at evaluating the effect of the dietary inclusion of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on the performance and internal and external egg quality of commercial layers. One hundred and twenty 25-week-old Hy-line Brown layers, with 1575 ± 91 average body weight, were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments (control, 1.2% caffeinated coffee, or 1.2% decaffeinated coffee) of five replicates of eight birds each. The inclusion of 1.2% caffeinated coffee was calculated to supply 6mg caffeine per kg body weight, which is considered a moderate dose. The applied treatments did not influence (p>0.05) feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, Haugh units, yolk color or albumen and yolk percentages. The eggs of hens fed 1.2% caffeinated coffee presented lower (p<0.05) eggshell thickness and egg specific density. The eggs of layers fed 1.2% caffeinated coffee tended (p=0.0637) to present lower eggshell percentage. It was concluded that feeding caffeinated coffee to commercial layers does not affect their performance or internal egg quality; however, eggshell quality is impaired.(AU)

Comparação da imunolocalização de receptores de progesterona em placentas de bovinos normais e clonados / Comparison of the imunolocalization of progesterone receptors in placentas of bovine normal and cloned

A progesterona é um hormônio fundamental na manutenção da gestação nos mamíferos. Em bovinos clonados, perdas gestacionais significativas ocorrem devido à deficiência placentária. Tendo em vista esse problema, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar em diferentes idades gestacionais a imunolocalização para receptores de progesterona em placentas de animais não clonados e clonados. Tecidos placentomais de bovinos não clonados foram obtidos da linha de abate no Matadouro Mantiqueira, enquanto os tecidos placentomais dos animais clonados com idades gestacionais de 68, 135, 225 e 270 dias de gestação foram obtidos em empresas especializadas em clonagem animal. Os tecidos foram processados e embebidos em paraplast para localização de receptores de progesterona, utilizando-se a técnica de imuno-histoquímica pelo anticorpo monoclonal (Progesterone receptor SER 294). Pela imuno-histoquímica, comparando-se a concentração de receptores de progesterona na placenta de animais clonados com as de animais não clonados, em diferentes idades gestacionais, observou-se que as células dos placentomas dos animais clonados apresentaram uma marcação mais intensa de receptor de progesterona nas idades de 135 e 270 dias de gestação em relação aos não clonados. Tal fato sugere que a presença de progesterona no final da gestação pode ser mais uma das possíveis causas de gestações prolongadas.(AU)

To progesterone is a fundamental hormone in the maintenance of the gestation in the mammals. In bovine they cloned, losses gestational significant, occur due to the placental deficiency. Having in mind that problem, the objective of the work was analyze in different gestational ages to immune stained for receivers of progesterone in placentas of normal animals and cloned. Placentomal tissues of bovine normal were obtained of the line of counts on in the Slaughterhouse Mantiqueira, while the placentomal tissues of the animals cloned with gestational ages of 68, 135, 225 and 270 days of gestation were obtained in companies specialized in animal cloning. The fabrics were prosecuted and absorbed in paraplast for progesterone receivers location, utilizing itself to technical of immunohistochemistry by the antibody monoclonal (Progesterone receiver BE 294). By the immunohistochemistry comparing the progesterone receivers concentration in the placenta of animals cloned, with the of animals done not manipulate, in different gestational ages we observe that the cells of the placentomal tissues of the animals manipulated (cloned) presented a more intense marking of receiver of progesterone in the ages of 135 and 270 days of gestation regarding the done not manipulate. Suggesting that the presence of progesterone in the end of the gestation can be more one of the possible cause of gestations prolonged.(AU)

Comparação da imunolocalização de receptores de progesterona em placentas de bovinos normais e clonados / Comparison of the imunolocalization of progesterone receptors in placentas of bovine normal and cloned

A progesterona é um hormônio fundamental na manutenção da gestação nos mamíferos. Em bovinos clonados, perdas gestacionais significativas ocorrem devido à deficiência placentária. Tendo em vista esse problema, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar em diferentes idades gestacionais a imunolocalização para receptores de progesterona em placentas de animais não clonados e clonados. Tecidos placentomais de bovinos não clonados foram obtidos da linha de abate no Matadouro Mantiqueira, enquanto os tecidos placentomais dos animais clonados com idades gestacionais de 68, 135, 225 e 270 dias de gestação foram obtidos em empresas especializadas em clonagem animal. Os tecidos foram processados e embebidos em paraplast para localização de receptores de progesterona, utilizando-se a técnica de imuno-histoquímica pelo anticorpo monoclonal (Progesterone receptor SER 294). Pela imuno-histoquímica, comparando-se a concentração de receptores de progesterona na placenta de animais clonados com as de animais não clonados, em diferentes idades gestacionais, observou-se que as células dos placentomas dos animais clonados apresentaram uma marcação mais intensa de receptor de progesterona nas idades de 135 e 270 dias de gestação em relação aos não clonados. Tal fato sugere que a presença de progesterona no final da gestação pode ser mais uma das possíveis causas de gestações prolongadas.

To progesterone is a fundamental hormone in the maintenance of the gestation in the mammals. In bovine they cloned, losses gestational significant, occur due to the placental deficiency. Having in mind that problem, the objective of the work was analyze in different gestational ages to immune stained for receivers of progesterone in placentas of normal animals and cloned. Placentomal tissues of bovine normal were obtained of the line of counts on in the Slaughterhouse Mantiqueira, while the placentomal tissues of the animals cloned with gestational ages of 68, 135, 225 and 270 days of gestation were obtained in companies specialized in animal cloning. The fabrics were prosecuted and absorbed in paraplast for progesterone receivers location, utilizing itself to technical of immunohistochemistry by the antibody monoclonal (Progesterone receiver BE 294). By the immunohistochemistry comparing the progesterone receivers concentration in the placenta of animals cloned, with the of animals done not manipulate, in different gestational ages we observe that the cells of the placentomal tissues of the animals manipulated (cloned) presented a more intense marking of receiver of progesterone in the ages of 135 and 270 days of gestation regarding the done not manipulate. Suggesting that the presence of progesterone in the end of the gestation can be more one of the possible cause of gestations prolonged.

Clinical and cardiovascular alterations produced by scorpion envenomation in dogs

Scorpionism is a common problem that occurs in tropical and subtropical countries and assumes great medical-sanitary importance due to its fatal effect on sensitive individuals, being able to lead children and aged people to death. The envenomation lethal potential is responsible for the serious cardiopulmonary alterations the scorpion toxin produces in its victims. The present research evaluated the effects of Tityus serrulatus venom on dogs, using two distinct doses: a dose that simulates natural envenomation (0.4 mg/total dose), and an experimental dose (0.25 mg/kg). General clinical signs were observed at different moments after envenomation, and specific data related to the cardiopulmonary system were evaluated by systemic arterial pressure measurement, CK-MB enzymatic activity dosage, and radiographic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic examinations. Results demonstrated that the scorpion venom, in experimental doses, was able to cause acute and reversible cardiac injury in few days, and, in the dose that simulated natural accident, it produced clinical signs of light envenomation, such as local pain, hyperesthesia, sialorrhea, vomiting, diarrhea, sneeze and prostration.

The use of indices for evaluating the periphytic community in two kinds of substrate in Imboassica Lagoon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Biological indices based on the biomass (dry weight, ash content, and chlorophyll-a) of the periphyton in a natural (submersed leaves of Typha domingensis Pers) and in an artificial (plastic hoses) substrate were compared, in experiments performed in summer and winter, in two sampling stations of Imboassica Lagoon, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. The periphytic community exhibited low biomass at the beginning and end of the experiments, and moderate biomass in the intermediate period of the experiment, whatever the kind of substrate, sampling station, and season. In both seasons, there was a spatial variation regarding the degree of trophy of the periphyton, due to the difference of nutrient availability among the sampling stations. The alternation of inorganic and organic periphyton, as well as of their heterotrophic, hetero-autotrophic, auto-heterotrophic and, autotrophic character was due to changes in the abiotic factors of the sampling periods. The Lakatos index proved more sensitive than the Autotrophic Index to variations in the composition of the periphytic community.

Índices biológicos baseados na biomassa (peso seco, conteúdo de cinzas e clorofila a) do perifíton em substrato natural (folhas submersas de Typha domingensis Pers) e artificial (mangueiras plásticas) foram comparados, em experimentos realizados durante o verão e o inverno, em duas estações de amostragem da lagoa Imboassica, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. A comunidade perifítica apresentou baixa biomassa nas fases iniciais e finais dos experimentos e biomassa média nas fases intermediárias, independente do tipo de substrato, estação de amostragem e período estudado. Em ambos os períodos, houve variação espacial com relação ao grau de trofia do perifíton em razão da diferença de disponibilidade de nutrientes entre as estações de amostragem. As alternâncias do perifíton inorgânico e orgânico, heterotrófico, hetero-autotrófico, auto-heterotrófico e autotrófico se deveram a mudanças nos fatores abióticos nas estações de amostragem nos períodos estudados. O índice de Lakatos mostrou-se mais sensível às variações na composição da comunidade perifítica do que o Indíce Autotrófico.