Composição química e perdas em silagem de bagaço de laranja pré-seco / Chemical composition and losses in pre-dried orange bagasse silage

Objetivou-se avaliar as características bromatológicas, como matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e ácido (FDA), lignina (LIG), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e fermentativas como pH e a porcentagem do nitrogênio amoniacal em relação ao nitrogênio total (N-NH3/NT), da silagem do bagaço de laranja pré-seco (SBL) em diferentes tempos de armazenamento, bem como parâmetros relacionados à perdas de nutrientes, como as perdas por gases, por efluentes e recuperação de matéria seca. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições, sendo os tratamentos diferentes dias de abertura dos mini-silos (10, 20, 40, 60 e 80 dias). Os valores de MS, PB, FDN, LIG, NDT, N-NH3/NT e recuperação de matéria seca não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,05) entre os dias de abertura dos mini-silos. Houve redução (P<0,05) nos teores de FDA, perdas de MS, perdas por gases e nos valores do pH. A ensilagem pode ser utilizada para conservar o bagaço de laranja pré-seco, uma vez que o processo manteve o valor nutritivo...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bromatological [dry matter, crude protein (CP), neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin and total digestible nutrients (TDN)] and fermentation characteristics [pH and ammoniacal nitrogen in relation to total nitrogen (N-NH3/TN)] of pre-dried orange bagasse silage after different periods of storage, as well as parameters related to nutrient losses from gases and effluents and dry matter recovery. A completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates was adopted in which the treatments consisted of the different days of opening of the mini-silos (10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 days). Dry matter, CP, NDF, lignin, TDN, N-NH3/TN or dry matter recovery did not differ (P>0.05) between days of opening of the mini-silos. A reduction (P<0.05) was observed in ADF content, dry matter losses, losses from gases, and pH values. Ensiling can be used to store pre-dried orange bagasse since the process maintains its nutritional value...

Composição química e perdas em silagem de bagaço de laranja pré-seco / Chemical composition and losses in pre-dried orange bagasse silage

Objetivou-se avaliar as características bromatológicas, como matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e ácido (FDA), lignina (LIG), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e fermentativas como pH e a porcentagem do nitrogênio amoniacal em relação ao nitrogênio total (N-NH3/NT), da silagem do bagaço de laranja pré-seco (SBL) em diferentes tempos de armazenamento, bem como parâmetros relacionados à perdas de nutrientes, como as perdas por gases, por efluentes e recuperação de matéria seca. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições, sendo os tratamentos diferentes dias de abertura dos mini-silos (10, 20, 40, 60 e 80 dias). Os valores de MS, PB, FDN, LIG, NDT, N-NH3/NT e recuperação de matéria seca não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,05) entre os dias de abertura dos mini-silos. Houve redução (P<0,05) nos teores de FDA, perdas de MS, perdas por gases e nos valores do pH. A ensilagem pode ser utilizada para conservar o bagaço de laranja pré-seco, uma vez que o processo manteve o valor nutritivo...(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bromatological [dry matter, crude protein (CP), neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin and total digestible nutrients (TDN)] and fermentation characteristics [pH and ammoniacal nitrogen in relation to total nitrogen (N-NH3/TN)] of pre-dried orange bagasse silage after different periods of storage, as well as parameters related to nutrient losses from gases and effluents and dry matter recovery. A completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates was adopted in which the treatments consisted of the different days of opening of the mini-silos (10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 days). Dry matter, CP, NDF, lignin, TDN, N-NH3/TN or dry matter recovery did not differ (P>0.05) between days of opening of the mini-silos. A reduction (P<0.05) was observed in ADF content, dry matter losses, losses from gases, and pH values. Ensiling can be used to store pre-dried orange bagasse since the process maintains its nutritional value...(AU)

Comportamento ingestivo e respostas fisiológicas de novilhos submetidos a dietas com torta de amendoim / Intake behavior and physiological responses of steer fed with peanut cake diets

Objetivou-se avaliar a substituição do farelo de soja por torta de amendoim no concentrado da dieta de novilhos, por meio do comportamento ingestivo e respostas fisiológicas. Foram utilizados cinco novilhos, dispostos em um quadrado latino 5 x 5. As dietas foram compostas de feno de tifton, milho moído, farelo de soja e torta de amendoim, constituídas de zero (100 por centode farelo de soja), 25, 50, 75 e 100 por cento de substituição por torta de amendoim no concentrado. Os níveis de torta de amendoim não influenciaram (P>0,05) as eficiências de ingestão e ruminação da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro. Em relação às atividades comportamentais, o único parâmetro em que se observou efeito da substituição foi o número de períodos de ócio no turno da manhã (P<0,05), no qual se constatou efeito linear crescente. A taxa de secreção salivar e a quebra de partículas foram semelhantes, pois não houve efeito (P>0,05) das dietas sobre as características de mastigação. Como não houve efeito (P>0,05) das dietas sobre as frequências respiratória, cardíaca e a temperatura retal, o calor endógeno produzido pela fermentação ruminal foi equivalente. A torta de amendoim, por conter aflatoxinas, quando fornecida em alta relação volumoso x concentrado, pode substituir o farelo de soja na dieta de novilhos, pois ocasiona comportamento ingestivo e respostas fisiológicas semelhantes.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of soybean meal with peanut cake in the concentrate of steer diets through intake behavior and physiological responses. Five steers, arranged in a 5 x 5 latin square design were used. The diets were composed of Tifton hay, ground corn, soybean meal and peanut cake, made from zero (100 percent soybean meal), 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent replacement for peanut cake in the concentrate. The levels of peanut cake did not influence (P>0.05) the intake and rumination efficiencies of dry matter and fiber in neutral detergent. Regarding the behavioral activities, the only parameter that observed a substitution effect was the number of idle periods in the morning shift (P<0.05) which had an increasing linear effect. The rate of salivary secretion and the particle breakdown were similar, because there was no effect (P>0.05) of the diets on the chewing characteristics. As there was no effect (P>0.05) of the diets on the respiratory rate, heart rate and rectal temperature, the endogenous heat produced by rumen fermentation was equivalent. The peanut cake, by containing aflatoxin, when provided in high roughage x concentrate rate, can replace soybean meal in the steers' diet because it causes similar intake behavior and physiological responses.(AU)

Inclusão de casca de pinhão-manso em dietas de ovinos: consumo voluntário e caracterização de quadro toxicológico / Fruit shell from Jatropha curcas including in sheep diets: a nutritional assessment and toxicological characterization

The nutrients intake and histopathological occurrences were evaluated in sheep fed diets with increasing levels of inclusion (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45%) of Jatropha curcas dried and crushed fruit shell in substitution to Mombaça grass hay. Twenty castrated male sheep were kept in metabolic cages and fed diets ad libitum (5 to 10% scraps were allowed). At the end of the experiment, the animals were subjected to clinical examination and blood collection, followed by euthanasia and necropsy. The clinical and pathological disorders were characterized by digestive, lung, and heart alterations, with regressive changes affecting kidney and liver. Presence of fluid in the abdominal and pericardial cavities, intestine with little content or empty, reddish serosa, and hyperemic mucosa with streaks of blood were observed during necropsy; as well as edematous mesenteric lymph nodes; red, swollen, and firm lung (hepatization) with emphysema areas, suffusions in the serous of the rumen, and ulcers in the abomasum. Histopathological analysis revealed congestion and pulmonary edema, congestion and vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, edematous mesenteric lymph nodes, tubular degeneration, and the presence of calcium crystals in the kidney. Thus, the collected data reveals that J. curcas fruit shell is toxic when added at different levels in sheep diet.(AU)

Aspectos da bovinocultura leiteira no Município de Ilhéus-BA / Characterization of dairy cattle production in Ilhéus -BA

The results show that the milk production activity in the county of Ilhéus, Bahia state, Brazil, lacks of technologies that could improve milk productivity. General information about the farms were obtained through a survey. Thirty-seven (43.5 percent) farms were smaller or equal to 50ha and 65 (76.5 percent) farms produced 50l of milk per day, characterizing these farmers as small producers. In 46 (54.1 percent) farms no information concerning costs, level of production, reproduction efficiency or sanity of the herds were found. In 29 (34.2 percent) farms the information was registered in portable computer database, six (7.1 percent) farms used structured index cards and four (4.7 percent) farms had desktop computers. Forty-one (48.2 percent) farms had roofed and paved milk facilities, three (3.5 percent) farms had not roofed but paved, in 31 (36.5 percent) farms the corrals were not roofed and unpaved, and 10 (11.8 percent) farms had no constructions.(AU)