Intra-articular concentration of gentamicin administered by intravenous regional limb perfusion in healthy horses / Concentração intra-articular de gentamicina administrada por perfusão regional intravenosa em membros de equinos sadios

Intravenous regional limb perfusion (IRLP) is an efficient method to treat horses with synovial infections. However, information on the dose, volume, and intervals of administration is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra-articular concentration of gentamicin administered by IRLP in horses over 24 h post-administration and evaluate the influence of the total perfused volume. Twenty horses were assigned to two treatment groups. Gentamicin 60 group (G60, n=10) and Gentamicin 250 group (G250, n=10) received IRLP of 6.6 mg/kg of gentamicin diluted in Ringers lactate for a total volume of 60 ml (G60) and 250 ml (G250), respectively. Synovial fluid harvests were performed in the metacarpophalangeal joint before (0) and 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours after IRLP. Agar diffusion was the assay for measuring gentamicin concentrations. Four hours after IRLP, the intra-articular concentration of gentamicin was 47.58±49.21 g/ml in G60 and 10.92±6.11 g/ml in G250. During the 24 h of harvest, the intra-articular concentration of gentamicin remained above the minimum inhibitory concentration for horses (MIC; 2 g/ml) in both experimental groups. In G60, the concentration of gentamicin in synovial fluid reached the maximal concentration and remained 8 to 10-fold higher than the MIC (Cmax: 16 to 20 g/ml) during 12 h after IRLP. These findings support that IRLP with 6.6 mg/kg of gentamicin diluted to a volume of 60 ml promotes intra-articular concentrations higher than 250 ml, remaining above the MIC for 24 h and at the maximum concentration for 12 h.(AU)

A perfusão regional intravenosa (PRI) em membros de equinos é um método comprovadamente eficiente para o tratamento de infecções sinoviais, porém ainda existem lacunas quanto à dose, volume e intervalos de administração a serem utilizados. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a concentração intra-articular da gentamicina administrada por PRI em equinos, ao longo de 24 horas pós-administração, bem como avaliar a influência do volume total perfundido. Vinte equinos foram distribuídos em dois grupos experimentais, Grupo Gentamicina 60 (G60) e Grupo Gentamicina 250 (G250), representados por 10 equinos em cada grupo que receberam, por PRI, 6,6 mg/kg de gentamicina diluída em Ringer lactato para um total de 60 ml (G60) ou 250 ml (G250). As colheitas de líquido sinovial foram realizadas, na articulação metacarpo-falangeana, antes do início do experimento e após 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, e 24 horas. Difusão em ágar foi o método para doseamento das concentrações de gentamicina. Quatro horas após a PRI, a concentração intra-articular da gentamicina era de 47,58±49,21 µg/ml no G60 e 10,92±6,11 µg/ml no G250. Durante as 24 horas de colheita, a concentração intra-articular de gentamicina permaneceu acima da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) (2 g/ml) em ambos os grupos experimentais. No G60, as concentrações de gentamicina no líquido sinovial atingiram a concentração máxima e mantiveram-se 8 a 10 vezes mais elevadas que a CIM (Cmáx: 16 a 20 g/ml) durante 12 horas após a PRI. Conclui-se que a PRI em membros, com 6,6 mg/kg de gentamicina diluída para o volume de 60 ml, promove concentrações intra-articulares mais elevadas que o volume de 250 ml, permanecendo acima da CIM durante 24 horas e em concentração máxima durante 12 horas.(AU)

Bypass ileal seguido de tiflostomia no tratamento de abdomen agudo em equino / Ileal bypass followed by tiflostomy to treat acute abdomen in a horse

Background: Equine gastrointestinal colic cases represent one of the diseases with higher morbidity and mortality. Short and long term survivals are commonly correlated with the colic causes, being considered 50 % the survival rate of horses referred to surgery because of small intestine strangulative causes. The jejuno-caecostomy technique is recommended in cases of ileum necrosis or ischemia that indicates ileum removal. The survival rate after this procedure is low, being even lower than others common terminal-terminal enteroanastomoses. This study reports a case of jejuno-caecostomy followed by tiflopexy and tiflostomy performed in a colic horse. Case: A 12-year-old mare, mangalarga breed, with a history of acute abdomen during 18 h was referred to the FZEA-USP equine hospital. According to the owner, the animal suffered previous episodes of colic that had been solved without treatment. On this occasion, the owner, without veterinary advice, had administered 10 mL of flunixin meglumine, but the animal did not show improvement. During the examination, the patient presented tachycardia, tachypnea, toxemic mucosa, a large amount of enterogastric reflux, and it was possible to observe distended small intestine during rectal palpation. The horse was referred to surgery; it was possible to identify necrosis of the ileum and 30 cm of the aboral segment of the jejunum, caused by strangulation due to a pedunculated lipoma localized in the medial band of the caecum. Latero-lateral jejuno-caecostomy was performed between the medial and dorsal bands of the caecum, using polyglactin 910, nº 2.0, potassium penicillin 30.000 IU / kg, every 6 h, gentamicin 6.6 mg / kg, every 24 h, flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg / kg, every 12 h and maintenance fluid therapy were performed post operatively. The animal had ileus and severe enterogastric reflux for five days postoperatively, showing severe signs of endotoxemia, and parenteral hydration seemed to be not enough. So it was...

Urolitíase obstrutiva em equino / Obstructive urolithiasis in horse

Background: Obstructive urinary tract disease in horses is a rare and low prevalence pathology in the species, but potentially severe. It is an emergency condition that presents variable clinical signs and depends on the anatomical locationof the obstruction. The bladder calculus are the most common followed by the urethra and less commonly seen are thekidney or ureteral. The main crystalloid component of uroliths in horses is calcium carbonate. The higher prevalence ofurolithiasis in male horses is justified by some anatomical differences between genders. The urethra of males is narrowerand longer than that of females. The tissue injury is the most important factor for the development of uroliths in horses.Desquamation of epithelial cells, presence of leukocyte and necrotic cell debris are relevant contributors to crystal growth.Urinary stasis favors nucleation by increasing the chance of contact between crystalloid material and urinary epithelium.Once crystal growth has begun, the urine alkalinity of the equines favors the crystallization and further deposition of othercomponents, especially calcium carbonate. Typical clinical signs of urolithiasis include tenesmus, dysuria, strangury andpolaquiuria. Hematuria is often present, mainly observed after exercise and at the end of urination. In addition signs ofcolic are quite frequent in the acute bladder and urethral urolithiasis due to bladder distension. Upper urinary tract surgerymay be technically challenging due to limited structural exposure, especially in adult horses The prognosis for horses withurolithiasis depends on the location of the urolith and the degree of renal injury that occurred.Case: This report aims to describe a rare case of obstructive urolithiasis in a 8-year-old castrated male horse with 24 hevolution. The horse was expressing signs of abdominal pain and during the transretal examination through palpation...

Bypass ileal seguido de tiflostomia no tratamento de abdomen agudo em equino / Ileal bypass followed by tiflostomy to treat acute abdomen in a horse

Background: Equine gastrointestinal colic cases represent one of the diseases with higher morbidity and mortality. Short and long term survivals are commonly correlated with the colic causes, being considered 50 % the survival rate of horses referred to surgery because of small intestine strangulative causes. The jejuno-caecostomy technique is recommended in cases of ileum necrosis or ischemia that indicates ileum removal. The survival rate after this procedure is low, being even lower than others common terminal-terminal enteroanastomoses. This study reports a case of jejuno-caecostomy followed by tiflopexy and tiflostomy performed in a colic horse. Case: A 12-year-old mare, mangalarga breed, with a history of acute abdomen during 18 h was referred to the FZEA-USP equine hospital. According to the owner, the animal suffered previous episodes of colic that had been solved without treatment. On this occasion, the owner, without veterinary advice, had administered 10 mL of flunixin meglumine, but the animal did not show improvement. During the examination, the patient presented tachycardia, tachypnea, toxemic mucosa, a large amount of enterogastric reflux, and it was possible to observe distended small intestine during rectal palpation. The horse was referred to surgery; it was possible to identify necrosis of the ileum and 30 cm of the aboral segment of the jejunum, caused by strangulation due to a pedunculated lipoma localized in the medial band of the caecum. Latero-lateral jejuno-caecostomy was performed between the medial and dorsal bands of the caecum, using polyglactin 910, nº 2.0, potassium penicillin 30.000 IU / kg, every 6 h, gentamicin 6.6 mg / kg, every 24 h, flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg / kg, every 12 h and maintenance fluid therapy were performed post operatively. The animal had ileus and severe enterogastric reflux for five days postoperatively, showing severe signs of endotoxemia, and parenteral hydration seemed to be not enough. So it was...(AU)

Urolitíase obstrutiva em equino / Obstructive urolithiasis in horse

Background: Obstructive urinary tract disease in horses is a rare and low prevalence pathology in the species, but potentially severe. It is an emergency condition that presents variable clinical signs and depends on the anatomical locationof the obstruction. The bladder calculus are the most common followed by the urethra and less commonly seen are thekidney or ureteral. The main crystalloid component of uroliths in horses is calcium carbonate. The higher prevalence ofurolithiasis in male horses is justified by some anatomical differences between genders. The urethra of males is narrowerand longer than that of females. The tissue injury is the most important factor for the development of uroliths in horses.Desquamation of epithelial cells, presence of leukocyte and necrotic cell debris are relevant contributors to crystal growth.Urinary stasis favors nucleation by increasing the chance of contact between crystalloid material and urinary epithelium.Once crystal growth has begun, the urine alkalinity of the equines favors the crystallization and further deposition of othercomponents, especially calcium carbonate. Typical clinical signs of urolithiasis include tenesmus, dysuria, strangury andpolaquiuria. Hematuria is often present, mainly observed after exercise and at the end of urination. In addition signs ofcolic are quite frequent in the acute bladder and urethral urolithiasis due to bladder distension. Upper urinary tract surgerymay be technically challenging due to limited structural exposure, especially in adult horses The prognosis for horses withurolithiasis depends on the location of the urolith and the degree of renal injury that occurred.Case: This report aims to describe a rare case of obstructive urolithiasis in a 8-year-old castrated male horse with 24 hevolution. The horse was expressing signs of abdominal pain and during the transretal examination through palpation...(AU)

Encarceramento em forame epiplóico em equino: relato de caso / The epiploic incarceration in horses: case report / Encarcelamiento en forame epiplóico en equinos: estúdio de caso

O encarceramento em forame epiplóico em equinos é observado em 2-10% das cólicas encaminhadas para a cirurgia, causando um comprometimento vascular que pode levar a necessidade de ressecção do segmento de alça intestinal afetado ou, até mesmo, eutanásia do animal. Um equino, macho, castrado, 400 kg, 5 anos de idade, da raça Mangalarga foi admitido com sinais de cólica, que tinha duração de 24 horas. Após os exames pertinentes, foi indicada a cirurgia, a qual foi negada pelo proprietário. Após tentativa de manutenção da vida do animal, foi indicada a eutanásia, sendo diagnosticado encarceramento de íleo no forame epiplóico na necropsia. Foi avaliado que o animal possuiria um bom prognóstico caso a laparotomia fosse realizada.

The epiploic incarceration in horses is observed in 2-10% of the cramps referred for surgery, causing vascular impairment that may lead to the need for resection of the affected intestinal segment or even euthanasia of the animal. A horse, 400 kg, male, 5-year-old, Mangalarga was admitted with signs of colic, which lasted 24 hours. After the pertinent examinations, the surgery was indicated, which was denied by the owner. After trying to maintain the life of the animal, euthanasia was indicated, being diagnosed incarceration of ileus in the epiploic foramen at necropsy. It was evaluated that the animal would have a good prognosis if the laparotomy was performed.

El encarcelamiento en foramen epiplóico en equinos se observa en el 2-10% de los cólicos derivados a la cirugía, generando un compromiso vascular que puede llevar a la necesidad de resección del segmiento de las asas intestinales afectadas o, y incluso, la eutanasia del animal. Un equino, macho, castrado, 400 kg, 5 anos de edad, de la raza Mangalarga fue admitido con seriales de cólico, que tenía una duración de 24 horas. Después de los exámenes pertinentes, fue indicada la cirugía, la cual fue negada por el propietario. Después de un intento de mantenimiento de la vida del animal, fue indicada la eutanasia, siendo diagnosticado encarcelamiento de íleo en el foramen epiplóico en la necropsia. Se evaluó que el animal tendría un buen pronóstico si se realizaba la laparotomía.

Encarceramento em forame epiplóico em equino: relato de caso / The epiploic incarceration in horses: case report / Encarcelamiento en forame epiplóico en equinos: estúdio de caso

O encarceramento em forame epiplóico em equinos é observado em 2-10% das cólicas encaminhadas para a cirurgia, causando um comprometimento vascular que pode levar a necessidade de ressecção do segmento de alça intestinal afetado ou, até mesmo, eutanásia do animal. Um equino, macho, castrado, 400 kg, 5 anos de idade, da raça Mangalarga foi admitido com sinais de cólica, que tinha duração de 24 horas. Após os exames pertinentes, foi indicada a cirurgia, a qual foi negada pelo proprietário. Após tentativa de manutenção da vida do animal, foi indicada a eutanásia, sendo diagnosticado encarceramento de íleo no forame epiplóico na necropsia. Foi avaliado que o animal possuiria um bom prognóstico caso a laparotomia fosse realizada.(AU)

The epiploic incarceration in horses is observed in 2-10% of the cramps referred for surgery, causing vascular impairment that may lead to the need for resection of the affected intestinal segment or even euthanasia of the animal. A horse, 400 kg, male, 5-year-old, Mangalarga was admitted with signs of colic, which lasted 24 hours. After the pertinent examinations, the surgery was indicated, which was denied by the owner. After trying to maintain the life of the animal, euthanasia was indicated, being diagnosed incarceration of ileus in the epiploic foramen at necropsy. It was evaluated that the animal would have a good prognosis if the laparotomy was performed.(AU)

El encarcelamiento en foramen epiplóico en equinos se observa en el 2-10% de los cólicos derivados a la cirugía, generando un compromiso vascular que puede llevar a la necesidad de resección del segmiento de las asas intestinales afectadas o, y incluso, la eutanasia del animal. Un equino, macho, castrado, 400 kg, 5 anos de edad, de la raza Mangalarga fue admitido con seriales de cólico, que tenía una duración de 24 horas. Después de los exámenes pertinentes, fue indicada la cirugía, la cual fue negada por el propietario. Después de un intento de mantenimiento de la vida del animal, fue indicada la eutanasia, siendo diagnosticado encarcelamiento de íleo en el foramen epiplóico en la necropsia. Se evaluó que el animal tendría un buen pronóstico si se realizaba la laparotomía.(AU)

Trombose de ramos da artéria mesentérica cranial consequente à torção uterina em égua: relato de caso / Thrombosis of branches of the cranial mesenteric artery in consequence of uterine twist in a mare: case report / Trombosis del ramas de la arteria mesentérica craneal resultado del útero entorsión en una yegua: presentación de un caso

O presente relato de caso trata de um infarto intestinal associado com trombose da artéria mesentérica cranial, sem obstrução estrangulativa do intestino. Uma égua sem raça definida (SRD), 8 anos de idade foi admitida no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, com desconforto abdominal há cerca de 72 horas. Devido ao grau de dor e achados laboratoriais optou-se em realizar laparotomia exploratória. Aproximadamente 12 horas após a cirurgia o animal apresentou novamente dor abdominal aguda, vindo a óbito na sala de indução anestésica. Durante a necropsia, observou-se necrose em alguns segmentos do jejuno, de todo o ceco e colón ventral direito. Trombose de ramos da artéria mesentérica cranial foi considerada devido ao processo de isquemia e reperfusão e a síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica (SIRS). (AU)

The present case report deals with an intestinal infarction associated with thrombosis of the cranial mesenteric artery, without strangulate intestinal obstruction. A non-defined breed mare, 8 years old, was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, with abdominal discomfort for about 72 hours. Due to the degree of pain and laboratory findings, an exploratory laparotomy was performed. Approximately 12 hours after surgery, the animal showed again acute abdominal pain, and died in the anesthetic induction room. During necropsy, necrosis was observed in some segments of the jejunum, through out the cecum and right ventral colon. Thrombosis of branches of the cranial mesenteric artery was considered due to the ischemia and reperfusion process and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS). (AU)

El presente caso trata un infarto intestinal asociado a trombosis de la arteria mesentérica craneal sin obstruccióne strangulativa del intestino. Una yegua mestiza, de 8 anos de edad fue admitida em el Hospital Veterinario de la Facultad de Ciencia Animal e Ingeniería de Alimentos de la Universidad de São Paulo, campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, com mal estar abdominal durante las últimas 72 horas. Debido al grado de dolor y hallazgos de laboratorio se decidió realizar una laparotomía exploratoria. Aproximadamente 12 horas después de la cirugía el animal presentó nuevamente dolor abdominal agudo, hasta su posterior muerte en la sala de inducción anestésica. Durante la necropsia se observo necrosis em algunos segmentos del yeyuno, todo el ciego y el colon ventral derecho. Ramas trombosis de la arteria mesentérica craneal se considero debido al proceso de la isquemia y la repercusión y el síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS).(AU)

Trombose de ramos da artéria mesentérica cranial consequente à torção uterina em égua: relato de caso / Thrombosis of branches of the cranial mesenteric artery in consequence of uterine twist in a mare: case report / Trombosis del ramas de la arteria mesentérica craneal resultado del útero entorsión en una yegua: presentación de un caso

O presente relato de caso trata de um infarto intestinal associado com trombose da artéria mesentérica cranial, sem obstrução estrangulativa do intestino. Uma égua sem raça definida (SRD), 8 anos de idade foi admitida no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, com desconforto abdominal há cerca de 72 horas. Devido ao grau de dor e achados laboratoriais optou-se em realizar laparotomia exploratória. Aproximadamente 12 horas após a cirurgia o animal apresentou novamente dor abdominal aguda, vindo a óbito na sala de indução anestésica. Durante a necropsia, observou-se necrose em alguns segmentos do jejuno, de todo o ceco e colón ventral direito. Trombose de ramos da artéria mesentérica cranial foi considerada devido ao processo de isquemia e reperfusão e a síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica (SIRS).

The present case report deals with an intestinal infarction associated with thrombosis of the cranial mesenteric artery, without strangulate intestinal obstruction. A non-defined breed mare, 8 years old, was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, with abdominal discomfort for about 72 hours. Due to the degree of pain and laboratory findings, an exploratory laparotomy was performed. Approximately 12 hours after surgery, the animal showed again acute abdominal pain, and died in the anesthetic induction room. During necropsy, necrosis was observed in some segments of the jejunum, through out the cecum and right ventral colon. Thrombosis of branches of the cranial mesenteric artery was considered due to the ischemia and reperfusion process and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS).

El presente caso trata un infarto intestinal asociado a trombosis de la arteria mesentérica craneal sin obstruccióne strangulativa del intestino. Una yegua mestiza, de 8 anos de edad fue admitida em el Hospital Veterinario de la Facultad de Ciencia Animal e Ingeniería de Alimentos de la Universidad de São Paulo, campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, com mal estar abdominal durante las últimas 72 horas. Debido al grado de dolor y hallazgos de laboratorio se decidió realizar una laparotomía exploratoria. Aproximadamente 12 horas después de la cirugía el animal presentó nuevamente dolor abdominal agudo, hasta su posterior muerte en la sala de inducción anestésica. Durante la necropsia se observo necrosis em algunos segmentos del yeyuno, todo el ciego y el colon ventral derecho. Ramas trombosis de la arteria mesentérica craneal se considero debido al proceso de la isquemia y la repercusión y el síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS).

Estudo da miostatina pela técnica de PCR, no modelo canino dedistrofia muscular (GRMD) em tratamento com multi-fármacos / Study of myostatin by PCR in a canine model of muscular dystrophy (GRMD) treated with multi-drug

A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne é uma anomalia genética ligada ao cromossomo X, acomete meninos,caracterizada por uma deficiência na produção de distrofina. Esta deficiência leva há um desequilíbrio docomplexo protéico resultando em fibras musculares mais fracas que sofrem degeneração progressiva. ADistrofia Muscular dos cães Golden Retriever (GRMD) é geneticamente homóloga à distrofia de humanos,por isso estes cães são utilizados como modelo de estudos para esta doença que ainda não possui cura.A miostatina é um importante inibidor do crescimento muscular esquelético no desenvolvimento adultoe embrionário e foi utilizada como marcador para este estudo no qual foram testados sete fármacosconjuntamente. Foram eles: Sildenafil; ácido ursodesoxicólico; acetilcisteína; losartan; micofelato mofetil;talidomida e diltiazen, com o propósito de tratar os efeitos da distrofia muscular.Este trabalho estudou a eficiência destes multi-fármacos em cães do modelo GRMD pela presença da miostatinana musculatura esquelética distrófica, observada pela técnica de PCR, analisando esse tratamentofarmacológico em cães afetados pela distrofia muscular em comparação com cães afetados não tratados.Como resultado, foi observado que a quantidade de miostatina foi maior no momento T0 nas avaliações,diminuindo gradualmente sem aparente interferência do tratamento. Concluiu-se, portanto que sua expressãono músculo esquelético é maior em animais filhotes, visto que no momento T0 os animais apresentavam3 meses, e diminui com o passar do tempo. E para que haja inibição da miostatina é necessário umtratamento que atue no seu sítio de produção, o que não ocorreu com o coquetel medicamentoso utilizado.(AU)

The Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic abnormality associated to chromosome X, caused by anabsence of dystrophin that affect humans. This absence results in an imbalance of the protein complex, resulting in weaker muscle fibers that suffer progressive degeneration. The Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) is genetically homologous tothe human dystrophy, therefore these dogs are used as a model for studies of this pathology, not yet cured.Myostatin is an important inhibitor of skeletal muscle growth in embryonic and adult development andwas used as a marker for this study, in which seven drugs will be tested together. Namely: Sildenafil whichincreases nitric oxide; ursodeoxycholic acid, as anti-inflammatory; acetylcysteine as an antioxidant,losartan, antifibrotic and cardioprotective; micofelato mofetil as immunosuppressive therapy, thalidomide, such as diltiazem and antiTNF as a calcium channel blocker, for the purpose of dealing with theeffects that cause muscular dystrophy.As a result, it was observed that the quantity of myostatin was higher at time T0, gradually decreasing treatment with no apparent interference. It is concluded, therefore, that its expression in skeletal muscle is higher in young animals, where as in the animals presented T0 in 3 months and decreases over time. And so there myostatin inhibition treatment is required to act in your production site, which did not occurwith the drug cocktail used.(AU)

Estudo da miostatina pela técnica de PCR, no modelo canino dedistrofia muscular (GRMD) em tratamento com multi-fármacos / Study of myostatin by PCR in a canine model of muscular dystrophy (GRMD) treated with multi-drug

A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne é uma anomalia genética ligada ao cromossomo X, acomete meninos,caracterizada por uma deficiência na produção de distrofina. Esta deficiência leva há um desequilíbrio docomplexo protéico resultando em fibras musculares mais fracas que sofrem degeneração progressiva. ADistrofia Muscular dos cães Golden Retriever (GRMD) é geneticamente homóloga à distrofia de humanos,por isso estes cães são utilizados como modelo de estudos para esta doença que ainda não possui cura.A miostatina é um importante inibidor do crescimento muscular esquelético no desenvolvimento adultoe embrionário e foi utilizada como marcador para este estudo no qual foram testados sete fármacosconjuntamente. Foram eles: Sildenafil; ácido ursodesoxicólico; acetilcisteína; losartan; micofelato mofetil;talidomida e diltiazen, com o propósito de tratar os efeitos da distrofia muscular.Este trabalho estudou a eficiência destes multi-fármacos em cães do modelo GRMD pela presença da miostatinana musculatura esquelética distrófica, observada pela técnica de PCR, analisando esse tratamentofarmacológico em cães afetados pela distrofia muscular em comparação com cães afetados não tratados.Como resultado, foi observado que a quantidade de miostatina foi maior no momento T0 nas avaliações,diminuindo gradualmente sem aparente interferência do tratamento. Concluiu-se, portanto que sua expressãono músculo esquelético é maior em animais filhotes, visto que no momento T0 os animais apresentavam3 meses, e diminui com o passar do tempo. E para que haja inibição da miostatina é necessário umtratamento que atue no seu sítio de produção, o que não ocorreu com o coquetel medicamentoso utilizado.

The Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic abnormality associated to chromosome X, caused by anabsence of dystrophin that affect humans. This absence results in an imbalance of the protein complex, resulting in weaker muscle fibers that suffer progressive degeneration. The Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) is genetically homologous tothe human dystrophy, therefore these dogs are used as a model for studies of this pathology, not yet cured.Myostatin is an important inhibitor of skeletal muscle growth in embryonic and adult development andwas used as a marker for this study, in which seven drugs will be tested together. Namely: Sildenafil whichincreases nitric oxide; ursodeoxycholic acid, as anti-inflammatory; acetylcysteine as an antioxidant,losartan, antifibrotic and cardioprotective; micofelato mofetil as immunosuppressive therapy, thalidomide, such as diltiazem and antiTNF as a calcium channel blocker, for the purpose of dealing with theeffects that cause muscular dystrophy.As a result, it was observed that the quantity of myostatin was higher at time T0, gradually decreasing treatment with no apparent interference. It is concluded, therefore, that its expression in skeletal muscle is higher in young animals, where as in the animals presented T0 in 3 months and decreases over time. And so there myostatin inhibition treatment is required to act in your production site, which did not occurwith the drug cocktail used.