Purified lignin supplementation on the performance and antioxidant status of broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of purified lignin on the performance, relative organ weights, serum metabolites, and gene expression profiles of broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress (HS). At 22 days old, 280 broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments, ten repetitions, and seven birds per experimental unit. The birds were subjected to daily cyclic HS. A high temperature of 32±1 °C was maintained for 10 h/day (08:00­18:00 h), while a temperature of 22±1 °C was maintained for the remaining time. Treatments were a basal diet or basal diet with the addition of 5, 10, or 15 g of purified lignin/kg of diet. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and means were compared by Tukey's test at 0.05 significance. There was no effect of lignin supplementation on performance, carcass yield, relative weights of the bursa, spleen, and liver, or serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, uric acid, malondialdehyde, triiodothyronine, or tetraiodothyronine. The abundance of mRNA of heat shock protein 70, nuclear factor-κB, glutathione peroxidase, and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase in the liver was similarly unaffected by treatments. Purified lignin supplementation does not improve performance or the antioxidant response of broiler chickens subjected to HS.(AU)

Effect of phytase and protease combination on performance, metabolizable energy, and amino acid digestibility of broilers fed nutrient-restricted diets

Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary combination of different enzymes (phytase + protease) on performance, metabolizable energy, and amino acid digestibility of broiler chickens fed diets with nutritional reduction. A total of 1,400, 336, and 384 male chickens were distributed in a completely randomized design, in the experiments of performance, metabolism, and digestibility, respectively. Treatments were divided as follows: positive control (PC), negative control - NC1 (PC minus 0.16% Ca, 0.15% available P (aP), and 0.5% crude protein (CP)), NC2 (PC minus 0.16% Ca, 0.15% aP, and 1% CP), NC1 added with phytase deriving from citrobacter and protease deriving from Bacillus licheniformis (CBE), NC1 added with phytase deriving from E. coli and protease deriving from microbial fermentation (SE), NC2 added with CBE, and NC2 added with SE. A protein-free diet was included in the digestibility experiment. The nutritional restriction did not affect feed intake of birds in the first experiment; however, the restriction inhibited body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in all phases. In experiment 2, the nutritional restriction decreased AME and AMEn values, although the addition of phytase and protease in diets improved both parameters, mainly in NC2. Treatment NC2 impaired the standardized digestibility of total essential amino acids of animals subjected to experiment 3, although the addition of enzymes helped to recover the digestibility to levels similar to PC. Supplementation of phytase in association with protease is effective to improve performance, energy metabolism, and standardized amino acid digestibility of broilers fed diets with nutrient restriction.(AU)

Profile of hillbilly pork producers and consumers from Alto São Francisco region of Minas Gerais state / Perfil dos produtores e consumidores de carne de suíno caipira na região do Alto São Francisco ­ MG

Small rural properties are common in the interior of the state of Minas Gerais, making the production of animalsin a rustic system expressive, such as the raising of swine in an extensive or semi-extensive system. The objective was to evaluate the profile of producers and consumers of redneck swine in the Alto São Francisco Region -MG. The research was carried out in the municipality of Bambuí -MG, located in the centerwest of Minas Gerais. Participated in the questionnaire 16 rural producers in the region of Bambuí and 40 Bambuí residents approached at the open-air market who agreed to participate in the research. A questionnaire containing 21 questions was used, consisting of 17 open questions and 4 multiple-choice closed questions. Data analysis was carried out with the help of spreadsheets in Microsoft Office Excel® 2019. The lack of technical assistance and the dissemination of products through marketing are the main factors that negatively influence the growth of the activity. The analysis of the data obtained allows us to affirm that it is necessary to promote and structure the rustic pig farming, where 70% of the producers are unaware of the subject. 50% of the producers say they do not have technical assistance due to the price and difficulty of access to the properties, which would otherwise favor the best production and commercial rates in alternative systems. Consumers point out that pig'smeat is purchased through the local fair (50%), where the price and origin of the products are the most relevant factors at the time of purchase and 90% of consumers believe that pork can be a vector for disease transmission.(AU)

Pequenas propriedades rurais são comuns em regiões do interior do estado de Minas Gerais, tornando expressivo a produção de animais emsistema caipira, como a criação de suínos em sistema extensivo ou semi-extensivo. Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil dos produtores e consumidores de suínos caipira da Região do Alto São Francisco ­MG.A pesquisa foi realizada no município de Bambuí ­MG, situado no centro oeste mineiro. Participaram do questionário 16 produtores rurais da região de Bambuí e 40 bambuienses abordados na feira-livre que aceitaram participar da pesquisa. Foi utilizado questionário contendo 21 questões, sendo composto por 17 questões abertas e 4 questões fechadas de múltipla escolha.A análise dos dados foi realizada com o auxílio de planilhas eletrônicas no Microsoft Office Excel® 2019.A falta de assistência técnica e a divulgação dos produtos por meio marketingsão os principaisfatores que influem negativamente sobre o crescimento da atividade. A análise de dados obtidos,permitem afirmar, que é necessário realizar divulgação e estruturara suinocultura caipira, onde 70% dos produtores desconhecem o tema.50% dos produtores afirma não possuir assistência técnica devido ao preço e dificuldade de acesso nas propriedades, o que de forma contrário iria favoreceros melhores índices produtivos e comerciais nos sistemas alternativos.Os consumidores apontam que a carne suína consumidaé adquirida por meio da feira local(50%), onde o preço e procedência dos produtos são os fatores mais relevantes na hora da comprae 90% dos consumidores acreditam que a carne suína possa ser vetor para transmissão de doenças.(AU)