Successful treatment and management of canine ehrlichiosis-leishmaniosis-heartworm comorbidity

Background: Canine vector borne diseases (CVBD) are common in tropical countries where the climate favors arthropods abundance. Comorbidity with one or more CVBD are reported as clinical complication and worsen prognostic. Canine visceral leishmaniosis (CanL) is an endemic zoonotic disease in Brazil caused by Leishmania infantum, with several restrictions to canine treatment and suggestion of reservoirs euthanasia for disease control. Heartworm (HW) is a helminthic disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs. It is a chronic heart disease, which can lead to death by congestive heart failure. Canine ehrlichiosis (CE) is caused by Ehrlichia canis bacterial infection with a zoonotic potential and fatal to dogs in acute and chronic presentations. Exposed the above, this study aims to describe a successful treatment and management of a dog with CanL, CE, and HW comorbidity. Case: A 3-year-old male uncastrated black Labrador dog, weighing 35 kg, was admitted to the veterinary clinic due to immunochromatographic CanL positive test performed by municipal zoonosis control center active surveillance. Clinical exam showed a mild shedding, intermittent eye white/yellow discharge and popliteal lymph nodes enlargement. After positive for CanL, veterinary requested more laboratorial exams. IFAT and ELISA were positive for CanL, blood smear showed presence of microfilaria, and bone marrow cytology showed Ehrlichia spp. morulae and microfilaria. Initial treatment prescribed was oral doxycycline, omeprazole, ranitidine, and domperidone for 30 days, and allopurinol and ivermectin until further recommendation. Additionally, repellent collar, repellent spray and vitamin supplement was indicated. After first month, marbofloxacin for 30 days and three doses of immunostimulant drug were administrated. After three months of treatment, dog still positive for heartworm, ehrlichiosis, and CanL. Doxycycline protocol was repeated. Dog became consistently negative for all pathogens one year later with persistent thrombocytopenia but without clinical signs, ergo allopurinol and ivermectin were discontinued. After 4 years of follow up, the animal had an acute pancreatitis and died, with unremarkable total blood count and negative for all pathogens. Discussion: CVBD coinfections are commonly reported as worsen prognostic in endemic regions. The pathogens reported here share a host immunomodulation competence. L. infantum and Ehrlichia spp. downregulates Th1 response, whereas D. immitis increase as Th2 profile. The therapeutic protocol was iniciated by staging CanL. Since the patient had clinical signs, allopurinol was prescribed as a well-established drug for CanL. Marbofloxacin was added due to its high safety drug in clinical improvement of infected dogs with and without renal disease and in vitro effectiveness against L. infantum. Domperidone was used to promote Th1 cytokine profile as INF-γ, IL-2, IL-12, and TNF-α. We used an immunostimulant protocol to favor polarization to the Th1 profile comprised by 30 days of domperidone protocol followed by a vaccine and an immunomodulator. Doxycycline was used successfully for Ehrlichia spp. and HE clearance after 2 treatment courses and 1 year of ivermectin every 15 days. The animal presented intermittent coughing episodes on the first treatment course, but no medical intervention was needed besides exercise restriction. Our report shows the successful management of one dog with CanL, CE and HE comorbidity. This success was possible due to early detection and good therapeutic choice.(AU)

Analysis of systemic and cutaneous inflammatory immune response in canine atopic dermatitis

Background: Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a chronic and inflammatory disease present in veterinary dermatologicalpractice. The inflammation in CAD is triggered by environmental allergens and skin microorganisms, which are responsiblefor the worsening of cutaneous lesions. This continuous activation of skin inflammatory process can induce the productionof free radicals that also contribute to cellular damage and ultimately leads to changes in blood parameters in dogs withCAD. Although there are reports of inflammatory parameters in CAD, there are a lack of studies correlating skin lesions,blood leukocytes and oxidative stress. Based on that, this study aimed to evaluate the integumentary and systemic inflammatory response in dogs with atopic dermatitis.Materials, Methods & Results: Dogs with confirmed diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis (n = 10) were divided in twogroups according to CADESI-IV: AI, with CADESI between 0-10, AII, with CADESI between 10-34, and control group (n= 5). Blood-biochemical and histological analysis were performed to access systemic and cutaneous inflammatory response.AII group tended to higher neutrophil and eosinophil counts, as well as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) when comparedto AI. The albumin was lower in AII compared to AI and control (P < 0.05), while total bilirubin and malondialdehyde(MDA) did not differ between groups. NLR (r = 0.64 and P = 0.04) and MDA (r = 0.54 and P = 0.1) were positively correlated with CADESI, while albumin was negatively correlated with CADESI (r = -0.79 and P = 0.005). Histopathologicalanalysis revealed a larger number of neutrophils, macrophages and mast cells in AI and AII than in control group (P < 0.05).Discussion: In this study it was possible to evaluate the systemic and cutaneous leukocyte dynamics in CAD. Skin inflammation induces the production of chemotactic molecules contribute to neutrophil outflow from blood vessel toward the...

Analysis of systemic and cutaneous inflammatory immune response in canine atopic dermatitis

Background: Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a chronic and inflammatory disease present in veterinary dermatologicalpractice. The inflammation in CAD is triggered by environmental allergens and skin microorganisms, which are responsiblefor the worsening of cutaneous lesions. This continuous activation of skin inflammatory process can induce the productionof free radicals that also contribute to cellular damage and ultimately leads to changes in blood parameters in dogs withCAD. Although there are reports of inflammatory parameters in CAD, there are a lack of studies correlating skin lesions,blood leukocytes and oxidative stress. Based on that, this study aimed to evaluate the integumentary and systemic inflammatory response in dogs with atopic dermatitis.Materials, Methods & Results: Dogs with confirmed diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis (n = 10) were divided in twogroups according to CADESI-IV: AI, with CADESI between 0-10, AII, with CADESI between 10-34, and control group (n= 5). Blood-biochemical and histological analysis were performed to access systemic and cutaneous inflammatory response.AII group tended to higher neutrophil and eosinophil counts, as well as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) when comparedto AI. The albumin was lower in AII compared to AI and control (P < 0.05), while total bilirubin and malondialdehyde(MDA) did not differ between groups. NLR (r = 0.64 and P = 0.04) and MDA (r = 0.54 and P = 0.1) were positively correlated with CADESI, while albumin was negatively correlated with CADESI (r = -0.79 and P = 0.005). Histopathologicalanalysis revealed a larger number of neutrophils, macrophages and mast cells in AI and AII than in control group (P < 0.05).Discussion: In this study it was possible to evaluate the systemic and cutaneous leukocyte dynamics in CAD. Skin inflammation induces the production of chemotactic molecules contribute to neutrophil outflow from blood vessel toward the...(AU)

Leukocytes and albumin in canine leishmaniasis

Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL) is a multisystemic and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by nonspecific clinical manifestations. In CanL, inflammatory cells and chemical mediators released in response to the parasite play a role in disease development and progression. Alterations on hematological parameters have been documented in CanL. These changes can also be assessed in relation to systemic inflammation caused by this disease. The circulating leukocyte counting, such as neutrophils, as well as the albumin level, are considered direct indicators of an inflammatory host environment. Several studies point to the use of biomarkers on the assistance in diagnosis and prognosis of several canine pathologies. The present study investigated the Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Albumin to Globulin Ratio (AGR), and Neutrophils to Albumin Ratio (NAR) on systemic inflammatory response induced by Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL). For this purpose, adult dogs with confirmed diagnosis to CanL were divided into symptomatic (SD, n = 33) and asymptomatic (AD, n = 20) dogs for L. infantum and control dogs (CD, n = 20). Routine hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in blood samples using a veterinary automatic hematology and biochemical analyzers. Asymptomatic dogs (AD) had a higher number of white blood cells and neutrophils (16.48 ± 4.93; 13.41 ± 3.60, respectively) in relation to symptomatic dogs (SD) (13.54 ± 5.13; 10.42 ± 3.69, respectively) (P = 0.015 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) was higher in dogs with leishmaniasis (9.45 ± 3.76) than in healthy dogs (3.39 ± 1.19) (P < 0.0001). Serum total proteins (STP) and globulins increased in CanL, while albumin and AGR decreased in CanL, when compared to CD and references values to canine species. Neutrophils to Albumin Ratio (NAR) was higher in AD and SD (5.02 ± 1.14; 4.79 ± 1.07, respectively) when compared to CD (2.36 ± 0.55) (P < 0.0001). As reported in scientific researches, dogs with Leishmaniasis present alterations in circulating cell counts. Based on these data, we decided to expand this information using the NLR as a parameter in an attempt to better clarify the changes in these cells in CanL. We observed that NLR was increased on CanL in relation to healthy dogs, which could be a consequence of relative neutrophilia rather than lymphopenia. Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a biomarker that conveys information about inflammatory conditions. An elevated NLR can reflect an upregulated innate immune response, since neutrophils are effector cells of innate immunity and are involved in several acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Albumin is an acute phase protein that is considered an immune-inflammatory biomarker, which can be found reduced systemically in progressive inflammatory response. Serum total proteins (STP) and globulins were increased in CanL. These data are already well documented in CanL, which serum globulins are mainly associated with the increase of acute phase proteins, cytokines, and increase of specific antibodies to Leishmania infantum. Our results showed neutrophilia with hypoalbuminemia in CanL. So, in an attempt to assess the relationship of these two available markers, we used NAR calculation in order to evaluate the changes induced by CanL. In this study NAR was higher in CanL when compared to control dogs. Thus, our data indicate that NLR and NAR could be used as biomarkers in veterinary medical clinics in order to assess inflammatory profile in CanL, mainly in asymptomatic dogs. These parameters obtained from routine blood tests might be useful as cost-effective, easily accessible and helpful markers in order to distinguish the inflammatory response intensity in CanL.(AU)

Terapia otológica induz imunotoxicidade em cão / Otological therapy induces imunnotoxicity in dog

As farmacodermias podem ser definidas como reações adversas em pele, mucosas e anexos, tendo, por vezes, caráter imunomediado. O diagnóstico baseia-se na avaliação clínico-laboratorial do paciente, envolvendo uma pesquisa acerca de fatores relacionados ao uso do fármaco e seus efeitos adversos. Na medicina veterinária, são escassos os relatos de reações farmacodérmicas. Logo, o objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar uma reação adversa após terapia otológica em cão. Foi atendido um paciente canino, fêmea, 02 anos de idade, com histórico de prurido auricular bilateral com evolução de três semanas. Na ocasião, foi realizado exame citológico auricular, evidenciando presença de elevada quantidade de células leveduriformes e cocos, além de células descamativas. Optou-se, então, por terapia à base de solução otológica composta por Gentamicina, Clotrimazol, Betametasona e Benzocaína. O quadro clínico evoluiu de forma satisfatória até o décimo dia de tratamento, quando a paciente apresentou intenso eritema e secreção melicérica bilateralmente. Repetiu-se o exame citológico, assim como realizou-se cultura de bactérias aeróbicas, sendo evidenciado em tais exames um infiltrado inflamatório piogranulomatoso, com pouca presença de conteúdo bacteriano e fúngico, corroborando com os achados da cultura bacteriana. Diante da suspeita de farmacodermia, procedeu-se com a troca de todos os compostos terapêuticos, tendo a paciente evoluído de forma satisfatória até o término do tratamento. Por tratar-se ainda de uma solução otológica composta, não se pode atribuir a causa da reação a especificamente um dos compostos. Contudo, reforça-se a necessidade de conscientização do médico veterinário acerca da identificação e adequada intervenção nas reações adversas medicamentosas, assim como espera-se sua contribuição científica na difusão dessas informações.

Pharmacodermia can be defined as adverse reactions in skin, mucous membranes and appendages, sometimes having immunomediated character. The diagnosis is based on the patient clinical-laboratorial evaluation, involving a research about factors related to the drug use and its adverse effects. In veterinary medicine, reports of pharmacodermic reactions are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to report an adverse reaction after otologic therapy in dogs. A 2-year-old female canine patient with a history of bilateral auricular pruritus with a three-week course was attended. At the time, auricular cytology was performed, evidencing the presence of high numbers of yeast cells and cocci, as well as desquamative cells. It was then opted for otologic solution composed of Gentamicin, Clotrimazole, Betamethasone and Benzocaine. The clinical presentation progressed satisfactorily until the tenth day of treatment, when the patient presented intense erythema and meliceric secretion. Cytological examination was repeated, as well as culture of aerobic bacteria. A piogranulomatous inflammatory infiltrate with low bacterial and fungal content was evidenced in these examinations, corroborating with the findings of the bacterial culture. Faced with the suspicion of pharmacodermia, all therapeutic compounds were exchanged, and the patient progressed satisfactorily until the end of the treatment. Because it is still a composed otological solution, the cause of the reaction cannot be attributed to specifically one of the compounds. However, there is a need to raise the awareness of the veterinarian about the identification and appropriate intervention in adverse drug reactions, as well as his scientific contribution to the dissemination of this information.

Terapia otológica induz imunotoxicidade em cão / Otological therapy induces imunnotoxicity in dog

As farmacodermias podem ser definidas como reações adversas em pele, mucosas e anexos, tendo, por vezes, caráter imunomediado. O diagnóstico baseia-se na avaliação clínico-laboratorial do paciente, envolvendo uma pesquisa acerca de fatores relacionados ao uso do fármaco e seus efeitos adversos. Na medicina veterinária, são escassos os relatos de reações farmacodérmicas. Logo, o objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar uma reação adversa após terapia otológica em cão. Foi atendido um paciente canino, fêmea, 02 anos de idade, com histórico de prurido auricular bilateral com evolução de três semanas. Na ocasião, foi realizado exame citológico auricular, evidenciando presença de elevada quantidade de células leveduriformes e cocos, além de células descamativas. Optou-se, então, por terapia à base de solução otológica composta por Gentamicina, Clotrimazol, Betametasona e Benzocaína. O quadro clínico evoluiu de forma satisfatória até o décimo dia de tratamento, quando a paciente apresentou intenso eritema e secreção melicérica bilateralmente. Repetiu-se o exame citológico, assim como realizou-se cultura de bactérias aeróbicas, sendo evidenciado em tais exames um infiltrado inflamatório piogranulomatoso, com pouca presença de conteúdo bacteriano e fúngico, corroborando com os achados da cultura bacteriana. Diante da suspeita de farmacodermia, procedeu-se com a troca de todos os compostos terapêuticos, tendo a paciente evoluído de forma satisfatória até o término do tratamento. Por tratar-se ainda de uma solução otológica composta, não se pode atribuir a causa da reação a especificamente um dos compostos. Contudo, reforça-se a necessidade de conscientização do médico veterinário acerca da identificação e adequada intervenção nas reações adversas medicamentosas, assim como espera-se sua contribuição científica na difusão dessas informações.(AU)

Pharmacodermia can be defined as adverse reactions in skin, mucous membranes and appendages, sometimes having immunomediated character. The diagnosis is based on the patient clinical-laboratorial evaluation, involving a research about factors related to the drug use and its adverse effects. In veterinary medicine, reports of pharmacodermic reactions are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to report an adverse reaction after otologic therapy in dogs. A 2-year-old female canine patient with a history of bilateral auricular pruritus with a three-week course was attended. At the time, auricular cytology was performed, evidencing the presence of high numbers of yeast cells and cocci, as well as desquamative cells. It was then opted for otologic solution composed of Gentamicin, Clotrimazole, Betamethasone and Benzocaine. The clinical presentation progressed satisfactorily until the tenth day of treatment, when the patient presented intense erythema and meliceric secretion. Cytological examination was repeated, as well as culture of aerobic bacteria. A piogranulomatous inflammatory infiltrate with low bacterial and fungal content was evidenced in these examinations, corroborating with the findings of the bacterial culture. Faced with the suspicion of pharmacodermia, all therapeutic compounds were exchanged, and the patient progressed satisfactorily until the end of the treatment. Because it is still a composed otological solution, the cause of the reaction cannot be attributed to specifically one of the compounds. However, there is a need to raise the awareness of the veterinarian about the identification and appropriate intervention in adverse drug reactions, as well as his scientific contribution to the dissemination of this information. (AU)

Lesões gástricas em cães não domiciliados na cidade de Fortaleza / Gastric lesions in houseless dogs in Fortaleza city

Objetivou-se avaliar a presença de lesões gástricas em cães não domiciliados da cidade de Fortaleza. Cães, ambos os sexos, idade variada e sem raça definida foram utilizados neste protocolo. Os cães provenientes de diferentes bairros da cidade de Fortaleza foram destinados ao procedimento de eutanásia pelo canil da Unidade de Vigilância de Zoonoses (UVZ) do município de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Estadual do Ceará. A investigação foi conduzida entre os meses de outubro e novembro de 2004. Foram utilizados 254 cães, sendo 164 machos e 90 fêmeas eutanasiados, e, em seguida, os estômagos foram removidos, abertos ao longo da curvatura maior, lavados, enxugados e avaliados macroscopicamente. As alterações gástricas foram agrupadas de acordo com a localização anatômica. A presença de lesões gástricas foi observada em 60 animais, representando 23,62%, sendo que 14,96% eram machos e 8,66% fêmeas. As alterações macroscópicas foram localizadas no corpo (51%), antro (19%) e fundo (8%) do estômago. Não foram encontradas lesões nas regiões da cárdia e pilórica. As úlceras foram as lesões encontradas com maior frequência (15,5%) acometendo 21 cães. Foram também observadas perdas de pregas da mucosa, alterações na coloração da mucosa gástrica, petéquias, hemorragias, nódulos e lacerações. Pode-se concluir que as gastropatias são frequentes em cães não domiciliados na cidade de Fortaleza. Os resultados apresentados indicam a relevância do assunto pesquisado e a contribuição para a clínica médica veterinária e, consequentemente, para a Saúde Pública.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of gastric lesions in non-domiciled in the Fortaleza city. Dogs, both sexes, varied age, no race defined were used in this protocol. The dogs from different neighborhoods of Fortaleza city were assigned to the procedure of euthanasia by the Kennel of the Unidade de Vigilância de Zoonoses (UVZ) of the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the State University of Ceará. The study was conducted between October and November 2004. A total of 254 dogs were used, of which 164 males and 90 females were euthanized, and then the stomachs were removed, opened along the greater curvature, washed, dried and macroscopically evaluated. Gastric alterations were grouped according to the anatomical location. The presence of gastric lesions was observed in 60 animals, representing 23.62%, which 14.96% were males and 8.66% females. Macroscopic alterations were found in the body (51%), antrum (19%) and fundus (8%) of the stomach. No lesions were found in the cardia and pyloric regions. Ulcers were the most frequent lesions (15.5%), affecting 21 dogs. Loss of mucosal folds was also observed; changes in the coloration of the gastric mucosa; petechiae, haemorrhages, nodules and lacerations. It can be concluded that gastropathy is frequent in dogs not domiciled in the city of Fortaleza. The results presented indicate the relevance of the subject researched and the contribution to the veterinary medical clinic and consequently to Public Health.(AU)

Lesões gástricas em cães não domiciliados na cidade de Fortaleza / Gastric lesions in houseless dogs in Fortaleza city

Objetivou-se avaliar a presença de lesões gástricas em cães não domiciliados da cidade de Fortaleza. Cães, ambos os sexos, idade variada e sem raça definida foram utilizados neste protocolo. Os cães provenientes de diferentes bairros da cidade de Fortaleza foram destinados ao procedimento de eutanásia pelo canil da Unidade de Vigilância de Zoonoses (UVZ) do município de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Estadual do Ceará. A investigação foi conduzida entre os meses de outubro e novembro de 2004. Foram utilizados 254 cães, sendo 164 machos e 90 fêmeas eutanasiados, e, em seguida, os estômagos foram removidos, abertos ao longo da curvatura maior, lavados, enxugados e avaliados macroscopicamente. As alterações gástricas foram agrupadas de acordo com a localização anatômica. A presença de lesões gástricas foi observada em 60 animais, representando 23,62%, sendo que 14,96% eram machos e 8,66% fêmeas. As alterações macroscópicas foram localizadas no corpo (51%), antro (19%) e fundo (8%) do estômago. Não foram encontradas lesões nas regiões da cárdia e pilórica. As úlceras foram as lesões encontradas com maior frequência (15,5%) acometendo 21 cães. Foram também observadas perdas de pregas da mucosa, alterações na coloração da mucosa gástrica, petéquias, hemorragias, nódulos e lacerações. Pode-se concluir que as gastropatias são frequentes em cães não domiciliados na cidade de Fortaleza. Os resultados apresentados indicam a relevância do assunto pesquisado e a contribuição para a clínica médica veterinária e, consequentemente, para a Saúde Pública.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of gastric lesions in non-domiciled in the Fortaleza city. Dogs, both sexes, varied age, no race defined were used in this protocol. The dogs from different neighborhoods of Fortaleza city were assigned to the procedure of euthanasia by the Kennel of the Unidade de Vigilância de Zoonoses (UVZ) of the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the State University of Ceará. The study was conducted between October and November 2004. A total of 254 dogs were used, of which 164 males and 90 females were euthanized, and then the stomachs were removed, opened along the greater curvature, washed, dried and macroscopically evaluated. Gastric alterations were grouped according to the anatomical location. The presence of gastric lesions was observed in 60 animals, representing 23.62%, which 14.96% were males and 8.66% females. Macroscopic alterations were found in the body (51%), antrum (19%) and fundus (8%) of the stomach. No lesions were found in the cardia and pyloric regions. Ulcers were the most frequent lesions (15.5%), affecting 21 dogs. Loss of mucosal folds was also observed; changes in the coloration of the gastric mucosa; petechiae, haemorrhages, nodules and lacerations. It can be concluded that gastropathy is frequent in dogs not domiciled in the city of Fortaleza. The results presented indicate the relevance of the subject researched and the contribution to the veterinary medical clinic and consequently to Public Health.

Neutrofilia e hipoalbuminemia em sangue periférico de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania infantum / Neutrophilia and hypoalbuminemia in peripheral blood of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o perfil leucocitário e proteico de cães, naturalmente infectados por Leishmania infantum. Para tanto, foram realizados exame parasitológico de punção de medula e PCR em amostras de pele para identificação de Leishmania spp. e avaliação de sinais clínicos e dermatológicos, para categorizar e distribuir cães em três grupos: grupo controle (GC); Grupo positivo assintomático (GA) e grupo positivo sintomático (GS). Amostras De sangue foram coletadas para avaliação dos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos. As principais manifestações clínicas observadas no GS foram alopecia, onicogrifose, ceratoconjuntivite e dermatites eritematosas, esfoliativas e ulcerativas. Os animais com a forma visceral (LVC) apresentaram alterações hematológicas significativas, compatíveis com descrições da literatura, com leucocitose significativa (p<0,05) do GS e do GA quando comparados ao GC, além de anemia no GS e GA, em relação ao GC. Também foram observadas hiperproteinemia, hipergamablobulinemia e hipoalbuminemia significativas em GS, quando comparadas aos demais grupos (p<0,05). A contagem diferencial leucocitária apontou para uma neutrofilia e linfopenia significativas do GS, quando comparadas aos demais grupos (p<0,05), Estando este resultado confirmado pela razão neutrófilo: linfócito aumentada (p<0,05). Ressalta-se um aumento de neutrófilos segmentados maduros no Leucograma, mas sem alterações significativas nos neutrófilos imaturos. Animais naturalmente infectados por L. infantum apresentaram leucocitose com neutrofilia e hipoalbuminemia características de alterações sistêmicas associadas a um processo inflamatório. Contudo, faz-se necessária uma investigação mais aprofundada, com um maior número de animais e com acompanhamento da LVC para avaliar a participação dos neutrófilos imaturos neste processo.

The Objective of this study was to evaluate the leukocyte and protein profile of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania Infantum. For that, a bone marrow parasitological test and PCR were performed to identify Leishmania spp. Evaluation of clinical and dermatological signs was used to categorize and distribute dogs in three groups: control group (CG); asymptomatic group (AG) and symptomatic group (SG). Blood samples were collected for evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters.The Main clinical manifestations observed in SG were alopecia, onychogryphosis, keratoconjunctivitis and dermatitis. Leukocytosis and anemia were observed in SG and AG (p<0.05) when compared to CG. In SG were detected hyperproteinemia with hyperglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia when compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The differential leukocytes count indicated neutrophilia and lymphopenia in SG when compared to AG and CG (p<0.05), and this result was confirmed bya neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio which was increased (p<0.05). We Highlight an increase of mature segmented neutrophils in GS, but there is no change in immature neutrophils. Thus, animals naturally infected by L. infantum presented leukocytosis with neutrophilia and hypoalbuminemia characteristic of systemic changes associated to inflammatory process. However, a more in-depth investigation with a larger number of animals and earlier follow-Up of CanL Animals is necessary to evaluate the participation of immature neutrophils in this process.

Neutrofilia e hipoalbuminemia em sangue periférico de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania infantum / Neutrophilia and hypoalbuminemia in peripheral blood of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o perfil leucocitário e proteico de cães, naturalmente infectados por Leishmania infantum. Para tanto, foram realizados exame parasitológico de punção de medula e PCR em amostras de pele para identificação de Leishmania spp. e avaliação de sinais clínicos e dermatológicos, para categorizar e distribuir cães em três grupos: grupo controle (GC); Grupo positivo assintomático (GA) e grupo positivo sintomático (GS). Amostras De sangue foram coletadas para avaliação dos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos. As principais manifestações clínicas observadas no GS foram alopecia, onicogrifose, ceratoconjuntivite e dermatites eritematosas, esfoliativas e ulcerativas. Os animais com a forma visceral (LVC) apresentaram alterações hematológicas significativas, compatíveis com descrições da literatura, com leucocitose significativa (p<0,05) do GS e do GA quando comparados ao GC, além de anemia no GS e GA, em relação ao GC. Também foram observadas hiperproteinemia, hipergamablobulinemia e hipoalbuminemia significativas em GS, quando comparadas aos demais grupos (p<0,05). A contagem diferencial leucocitária apontou para uma neutrofilia e linfopenia significativas do GS, quando comparadas aos demais grupos (p<0,05), Estando este resultado confirmado pela razão neutrófilo: linfócito aumentada (p<0,05). Ressalta-se um aumento de neutrófilos segmentados maduros no Leucograma, mas sem alterações significativas nos neutrófilos imaturos. Animais naturalmente infectados por L. infantum apresentaram leucocitose com neutrofilia e hipoalbuminemia características de alterações sistêmicas associadas a um processo inflamatório. Contudo, faz-se necessária uma investigação mais aprofundada, com um maior número de animais e com acompanhamento da LVC para avaliar a participação dos neutrófilos imaturos neste processo.(AU)

The Objective of this study was to evaluate the leukocyte and protein profile of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania Infantum. For that, a bone marrow parasitological test and PCR were performed to identify Leishmania spp. Evaluation of clinical and dermatological signs was used to categorize and distribute dogs in three groups: control group (CG); asymptomatic group (AG) and symptomatic group (SG). Blood samples were collected for evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters.The Main clinical manifestations observed in SG were alopecia, onychogryphosis, keratoconjunctivitis and dermatitis. Leukocytosis and anemia were observed in SG and AG (p<0.05) when compared to CG. In SG were detected hyperproteinemia with hyperglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia when compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The differential leukocytes count indicated neutrophilia and lymphopenia in SG when compared to AG and CG (p<0.05), and this result was confirmed bya neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio which was increased (p<0.05). We Highlight an increase of mature segmented neutrophils in GS, but there is no change in immature neutrophils. Thus, animals naturally infected by L. infantum presented leukocytosis with neutrophilia and hypoalbuminemia characteristic of systemic changes associated to inflammatory process. However, a more in-depth investigation with a larger number of animals and earlier follow-Up of CanL Animals is necessary to evaluate the participation of immature neutrophils in this process.(AU)

CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ expressions in skin dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum

Background: In canine leishmaniasis (CanL), infection occurs through phlebotomine vectors that inoculate the protozoan Leishmania infantum into the skin that infected macrophages and activated dendritic cells (CD). Dogs with CanL present variable clinical manifestations, being common the presence of cutaneous lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD45+ , CD68+ and E-cadherin+ associating the skin sentinels cells and to compare the clinical-dermatological manifestations in the skin of dogs naturally infected by L. infantum. Materials, Methods & Results: Dogs infected (n = 22) by L. infantum were divided into asymptomatic group (AD, n = 9), and symptomatic group (SD, n = 13), according criteria based on the presence or absence of skin changes. Dogs non-infected (CD, n = 5) were included as control group. Samples of skin biopsies collected from scapular region were processed by routine histology and labeled by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against CD45+ , CD68+ and E-cadherin+ , and were described as none, mild, moderate and intense. SD presented keratoconjunctivitis, onychogryphose, lichenification, depigmentation, alopecia, hypotrichosis, erythematous dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, ulcerative dermatitis and crusted dermatitis, and the frequency these alterations was expressed as percentage. The results of hematological and [...](AU)

CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ expressions in skin dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum

Background: In canine leishmaniasis (CanL), infection occurs through phlebotomine vectors that inoculate the protozoan Leishmania infantum into the skin that infected macrophages and activated dendritic cells (CD). Dogs with CanL present variable clinical manifestations, being common the presence of cutaneous lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD45+ , CD68+ and E-cadherin+ associating the skin sentinels cells and to compare the clinical-dermatological manifestations in the skin of dogs naturally infected by L. infantum. Materials, Methods & Results: Dogs infected (n = 22) by L. infantum were divided into asymptomatic group (AD, n = 9), and symptomatic group (SD, n = 13), according criteria based on the presence or absence of skin changes. Dogs non-infected (CD, n = 5) were included as control group. Samples of skin biopsies collected from scapular region were processed by routine histology and labeled by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against CD45+ , CD68+ and E-cadherin+ , and were described as none, mild, moderate and intense. SD presented keratoconjunctivitis, onychogryphose, lichenification, depigmentation, alopecia, hypotrichosis, erythematous dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, ulcerative dermatitis and crusted dermatitis, and the frequency these alterations was expressed as percentage. The results of hematological and [...]

Efeito do treinamento de doma sobre os parâmetros físicos e hematobioquímicos de equinos, antes e após o exercício / Effect of taming training on physical and hemato-biochemical parameters of horses before and after exercise

Os equinos são preparados para exercícios de alta intensidade e destacam-se em atividades físicas onde a velocidade e a resistência são fatores importantes. Contudo, poucos estudos relatam os impactos do treinamento de doma sobre a homeostase. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do treinamento de doma sobre parâmetros físicos, hematológicos e bioquímicos em equinos. Para tanto, foram acompanhados cavalos (n =10) previamente selecionados para o programa de doma preparatória para o serviço de policiamento montado do Esquadrão de Polícia Montada (EPMONT, CE). Avaliaram-se as frequências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR) e a temperatura e, em amostras de sangue coletadas, os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos, nas seguintes etapas: em repouso (D0) e em treinamento, sendo no primeiro dia (D1), três meses após D1, no primeiro dia da fase de rua (D2), 15 (D3) e 30 (D4) dias, após o início da fase de rua. Para cada dia, o animal foi observado e amostras de sangue foram colhidas antes e depois do treinamento. Os resultados foram expressos em média ± erro padrão. Os dados foram analisados ao nível de 5% de significância (p≤0,05). Foram observados aumentos nas FC, FR e temperatura corporal, bem como nos teores de hemácias, hemoglobina, hematócrito, leucócitos totais, uréia, creatinina, aspartato-aminotransferase, lactato-desidrogenase, creatina-quinase, fosfatase alcalina e albumina depois do exercício, quando comparados a antes do treino. Conclui-se que o treinamento de doma em equinos provoca alterações importantes em parâmetros físicos, hematológicos e bioquímicos de cavalos, demonstrando a necessidade de acompanhamento dos animais.(AU)

Horses are animals naturally prepared for high-intensity exercise, especially in physical activities where speed and endurance are important factors. However, few studies have reported the impact of taming training in homeostasis. Thus, it was evaluate the effect of taming training horses in hematological, biochemical and physiological parameters. Horses (n =10) previously selected for the preparatory taming program of mounted police service of Esquadrão de Polícia Montada (EPMONT, CE). Were evaluate heart (HR) and respiratory (RR) rate, temperature (TºC) and in blood samples collected to access hematological and biochemical parameters on the fallow steps: animals on a rest day (D0) and during the training, at first day (D1), three months after D1, the first (D2), 15 (D3) and 30 (D4) days after early phase of the street. For each day, the animals were observed and blood samples were taken before and after training. Data were expressed as mean ± standard error and were analyzed with p≤0.05. The results present increased of HR, RR, T, counts of red blood cells and leukocytes and the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase and albumin after exercise when compared to before the exercise. In conclusion, the taming training causes changes in physics, hematological and biochemical parameters of horses, demonstrating to need have follow up during the exercise.(AU)

Efeito do treinamento de doma sobre os parâmetros físicos e hematobioquímicos de equinos, antes e após o exercício / Effect of taming training on physical and hemato-biochemical parameters of horses before and after exercise

Os equinos são preparados para exercícios de alta intensidade e destacam-se em atividades físicas onde a velocidade e a resistência são fatores importantes. Contudo, poucos estudos relatam os impactos do treinamento de doma sobre a homeostase. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do treinamento de doma sobre parâmetros físicos, hematológicos e bioquímicos em equinos. Para tanto, foram acompanhados cavalos (n =10) previamente selecionados para o programa de doma preparatória para o serviço de policiamento montado do Esquadrão de Polícia Montada (EPMONT, CE). Avaliaram-se as frequências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR) e a temperatura e, em amostras de sangue coletadas, os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos, nas seguintes etapas: em repouso (D0) e em treinamento, sendo no primeiro dia (D1), três meses após D1, no primeiro dia da fase de rua (D2), 15 (D3) e 30 (D4) dias, após o início da fase de rua. Para cada dia, o animal foi observado e amostras de sangue foram colhidas antes e depois do treinamento. Os resultados foram expressos em média ± erro padrão. Os dados foram analisados ao nível de 5% de significância (p≤0,05). Foram observados aumentos nas FC, FR e temperatura corporal, bem como nos teores de hemácias, hemoglobina, hematócrito, leucócitos totais, uréia, creatinina, aspartato-aminotransferase, lactato-desidrogenase, creatina-quinase, fosfatase alcalina e albumina depois do exercício, quando comparados a antes do treino. Conclui-se que o treinamento de doma em equinos provoca alterações importantes em parâmetros físicos, hematológicos e bioquímicos de cavalos, demonstrando a necessidade de acompanhamento dos animais.

Horses are animals naturally prepared for high-intensity exercise, especially in physical activities where speed and endurance are important factors. However, few studies have reported the impact of taming training in homeostasis. Thus, it was evaluate the effect of taming training horses in hematological, biochemical and physiological parameters. Horses (n =10) previously selected for the preparatory taming program of mounted police service of Esquadrão de Polícia Montada (EPMONT, CE). Were evaluate heart (HR) and respiratory (RR) rate, temperature (TºC) and in blood samples collected to access hematological and biochemical parameters on the fallow steps: animals on a rest day (D0) and during the training, at first day (D1), three months after D1, the first (D2), 15 (D3) and 30 (D4) days after early phase of the street. For each day, the animals were observed and blood samples were taken before and after training. Data were expressed as mean ± standard error and were analyzed with p≤0.05. The results present increased of HR, RR, T, counts of red blood cells and leukocytes and the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase and albumin after exercise when compared to before the exercise. In conclusion, the taming training causes changes in physics, hematological and biochemical parameters of horses, demonstrating to need have follow up during the exercise.