Intracranial epidermoid cyst in a cat / Cisto epidermoide intracraniano em um gato

Epidermoid cysts, also known as epidermal and keratin cysts, or congenital cholesteatomas are benign congenital non-neoplastic tumors, rarely observed in the brain of humans and some animal species (dogs, horses, mice, and rats). Histologically, they are composed of laminated, concentrically arranged keratin surrounded by a thin layer of stratified squamous epithelium. We describe a case of intracranial epidermoid cyst in a 6-year-old mixed-breed male cat in southern Brazil. The patient presented central vestibular syndrome. Given the poor prognosis and the fact that it belonged to a shelter with many dogs and cats, the owner requested euthanasia, and a thorough post-mortem examination was conducted immediately after death. The definitive diagnosis was based on histopathological findings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an intracranial epidermoid cyst in a cat.(AU)

Cisto epidermoide, também denominado cisto epidermal, cisto de queratina ou colesteatoma congênito é um tumor não neoplásico, benigno e congênito raramente encontrado no encéfalo de humanos e de algumas poucas espécies animais (cães, equinos, camundongos e ratos). Histologicamente, esse tumor é composto por queratina laminada concentricamente arranjada e circundada por uma fina parede de epitélio escamoso estratificado. Descreve-se um caso de cisto epidermoide intracraniano em um gato, macho, sem raça definida, de seis anos de idade, no sul do Brasil. O paciente foi encaminhado para atendimento veterinário por apresentar sinais de síndrome vestibular central. Devido ao mau prognóstico e por pertencer a um abrigo com muitos cães e gatos, o proprietário optou pela eutanásia e o paciente foi encaminhado para a realização de necropsia. O diagnóstico definitivo foi baseado nos achados histopatológicos. Pelo conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro relato de um cisto epidermoide intracraniano em um gato.(AU)

Renal intravascular lymphoma in a dog / Linfoma intravascular renal em um cão

A 10-year-old male large mixed breed dog was presented with skin ulcers and fracture on the right hind limb caused by vehicle collision. Given required limb amputation, and as being a shelter senior dog, euthanasia was requested by the owner and a complete post-mortem examination was conducted immediately after death. Gross changes were consistent with marked bilateral nephromegaly. Histopathological examination of the kidneys revealed round cells filling blood vessels. Immunohistochemically, the round cells were positive for CD3 antibody. Based on these findings, in absence of involvement of the bone marrow and peripheral blood, and inexistence of primary extravascular masses, the tumor was classified as T-cell intravascular lymphoma. To the authors knowledge, this is the first report describing intravascular lymphoma involving the kidneys alone in a dog.(AU)

Um canino, macho, de 10 anos, sem raça definida (SRD), e grande porte, chegou para atendimento apresentando fratura em membro pélvico direito devido a atropelamento por veículo automotivo. Adicionalmente, foram observadas úlceras cutâneas ao nível da fratura. Devido à necessidade de amputação do membro e, por ser um cão idoso, o proprietário optou pela eutanásia, realizando-se necropsia imediatamente após a morte do paciente. Os achados macroscópicos foram consistentes com acentuada nefromegalia bilateral. A avaliação histopatológica dos rins revelou células redondas neoplásicas obliterando vasos sanguíneos. Imunohistoquimicamente, essas células foram positivas para CD3. Baseando-se nos achados histopatológicos, na ausência de envolvimento da medula óssea e do sangue periférico e, na inexistência de massas primárias extravasculares, o tumor foi classificado como linfoma intravascular de células T. Possivelmente, este é o primeiro relato de linfoma intravascular envolvendo unicamente os rins de um cão.(AU)

Acquired diaphragmatic eventration in a dog

Background: Diaphragmatic eventration is characterized by weakness of the diaphragmatic muscle, which leads to cranialdislocation of the affected diaphragm and, ultimately, in dyspnea. This condition is rare in humans and even rarer in animals,and may be congenital or acquired. The acquired form is less commom and may be induced by trauma or inflammationand neoplastic invasion of the phrenic nerve. Here, we report a case of acquired diaphragmatic eventration in a dog, withthe aim of increasing the knowledge of this condition in animals and helping others to recognize and treat future cases.Case: A 12-year-old male dachshund presented with severe dyspnea, exercise intolerance and episodes of coughing. Basedon a physical examination and imaging, the main suspicion was a diaphragmatic hernia, and surgery was performed. Whenthe surgeon entered the thoracic cavity, an extremely thin - yet, intact - right hemidiaphragm was observed. The left sideof the diaphragm was normal. A polypropylene mesh was sutured to the affected diaphragm in an attempt to strengthenthe hemidiaphragmatic muscles and prevent further insinuations of viscera into the thoracic cavity. The dog developedbronchopneumonia, postoperatively, and was hospitalized and treated with antibiotics, analgesics and support medication.However, the dog died five days after surgery. A postmortem examination revealed that the right side of the diaphragmwas markedly thin and flaccid. Diaphragm samples were collected for histopathological examination. For comparison, asample of normal diaphragm was collected from a same age, matched dachshund that died due to an unrelated condition.This tissue was called “diaphragm control”, and it was collected in order to compare the histologic features of a normaldiaphragm muscle with the affected one. Histopathology revealed a marked reduction of muscle fibers...

Melanocitoma-acantoma em um cão / Melanocytoma-acanthoma in a dog

Background: Melanocytic neoplasms are skin tumors that often occur in dogs. However, melanocytoma-acanthoma, alsocalled melanoacanthoma, is a benign melanocytic neoplasm rarely reported in this species, which has been described onlythree times in the veterinary literature. Briefly, this tumor is characterized by a single, painless, darkly pigmented and firmcutaneous papule or nodule. Histologically, it is composed of mixed populations of well-differentiated melanocytes andkeratinocytes, unlike traditional melanocytic tumors (melanoma and melanocytoma). These cells are arranged in lobulessurrounded by collagenous stroma. Melanocytes are large epithelioid cells containing varying amounts of melanin. Keratinocytes form anastomosing trabeculae with peripheral palisading, and small cysts containing amorphous or laminatedkeratin. The definitive diagnosis of melanocytoma-acanthoma is based on histopathological findings. This report describesa case of melanocytoma-acanthoma in a dog in Brazil.Case: A 9-year-old female miniature Schnauzer dog was examined at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Universityof Santa Maria, where a single, firm, pigmented papule was found in the auricle. The lesion had started 15 days earlier.Hematological tests and serum biochemistry profile were normal. An excisional biopsy of the papule was surgically removed and subjected to histopathological examination. The tissue was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processedroutinely and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). A histopathologicalexamination revealed a nonencapsulated, well-defined, extensive, densely cellular proliferation located in dermis. Thisproliferation was composed of lobules and nests of well-differentiated stratified squamous epithelium closely associatedwith neoplastic melanocytes, surrounded by thin bundles of fibrous stroma. A diagnosis of...

Crise hemolítica em um cão com hepatite crônica associada ao cobre / Hemolytic crisis in a dog with copper-associated chronic hepatitis

Background: Copper is an essential micronutrient for the body to function properly. However, although it is a vital element,an excess of copper in the body is extremely toxic. Copper toxicity has been reported mainly in sheep. In dogs, clinicopathological signs of toxicity are characterized by chronic liver failure. This means that the hemolytic crisis so commonin sheep is a condition rarely associated with toxicity in dogs, so there are very few descriptions of this condition in theveterinary literature. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of hemolytic crisis in a dog with copper-associatedchronic hepatitis.Case: A medium-sized 6-year-old bitch was brought to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria,with clinical presentation of apathy, anorexia and red urine. A physical examination revealed mildly jaundiced mucosaand dark brown urine. A urinalysis indicated the presence of protein, bilirubin and occult blood. The blood count revealedhypochromic macrocytic anemia, leukocytosis due to left shift neutrophilia and thrombocytopenia. Serum biochemistryshowed elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The animal was given a blood transfusiondue to the severity of her anemia, but her clinical condition worsened and she died, whereupon her body was sent for necropsy. This necropsy revealed conspicuous signs of jaundice, splenomegaly and altered liver and kidney color. The liverwas brownish, with its natural surface firm and slightly irregular. The kidneys were diffusely blackened. The urine wasdark brown. Fragments of different organs were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution, routinely processedfor histopathology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A histological dissection of the liver showed the hepatic lobesdissected by fibrosis, forming islands of hepatocytes and numerous lymphocytes and...

Melanocitoma-acantoma em um cão / Melanocytoma-acanthoma in a dog

Background: Melanocytic neoplasms are skin tumors that often occur in dogs. However, melanocytoma-acanthoma, alsocalled melanoacanthoma, is a benign melanocytic neoplasm rarely reported in this species, which has been described onlythree times in the veterinary literature. Briefly, this tumor is characterized by a single, painless, darkly pigmented and firmcutaneous papule or nodule. Histologically, it is composed of mixed populations of well-differentiated melanocytes andkeratinocytes, unlike traditional melanocytic tumors (melanoma and melanocytoma). These cells are arranged in lobulessurrounded by collagenous stroma. Melanocytes are large epithelioid cells containing varying amounts of melanin. Keratinocytes form anastomosing trabeculae with peripheral palisading, and small cysts containing amorphous or laminatedkeratin. The definitive diagnosis of melanocytoma-acanthoma is based on histopathological findings. This report describesa case of melanocytoma-acanthoma in a dog in Brazil.Case: A 9-year-old female miniature Schnauzer dog was examined at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Universityof Santa Maria, where a single, firm, pigmented papule was found in the auricle. The lesion had started 15 days earlier.Hematological tests and serum biochemistry profile were normal. An excisional biopsy of the papule was surgically removed and subjected to histopathological examination. The tissue was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processedroutinely and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). A histopathologicalexamination revealed a nonencapsulated, well-defined, extensive, densely cellular proliferation located in dermis. Thisproliferation was composed of lobules and nests of well-differentiated stratified squamous epithelium closely associatedwith neoplastic melanocytes, surrounded by thin bundles of fibrous stroma. A diagnosis of...(AU)

Crise hemolítica em um cão com hepatite crônica associada ao cobre / Hemolytic crisis in a dog with copper-associated chronic hepatitis

Background: Copper is an essential micronutrient for the body to function properly. However, although it is a vital element,an excess of copper in the body is extremely toxic. Copper toxicity has been reported mainly in sheep. In dogs, clinicopathological signs of toxicity are characterized by chronic liver failure. This means that the hemolytic crisis so commonin sheep is a condition rarely associated with toxicity in dogs, so there are very few descriptions of this condition in theveterinary literature. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of hemolytic crisis in a dog with copper-associatedchronic hepatitis.Case: A medium-sized 6-year-old bitch was brought to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria,with clinical presentation of apathy, anorexia and red urine. A physical examination revealed mildly jaundiced mucosaand dark brown urine. A urinalysis indicated the presence of protein, bilirubin and occult blood. The blood count revealedhypochromic macrocytic anemia, leukocytosis due to left shift neutrophilia and thrombocytopenia. Serum biochemistryshowed elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The animal was given a blood transfusiondue to the severity of her anemia, but her clinical condition worsened and she died, whereupon her body was sent for necropsy. This necropsy revealed conspicuous signs of jaundice, splenomegaly and altered liver and kidney color. The liverwas brownish, with its natural surface firm and slightly irregular. The kidneys were diffusely blackened. The urine wasdark brown. Fragments of different organs were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution, routinely processedfor histopathology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A histological dissection of the liver showed the hepatic lobesdissected by fibrosis, forming islands of hepatocytes and numerous lymphocytes and...(AU)

Acquired diaphragmatic eventration in a dog

Background: Diaphragmatic eventration is characterized by weakness of the diaphragmatic muscle, which leads to cranialdislocation of the affected diaphragm and, ultimately, in dyspnea. This condition is rare in humans and even rarer in animals,and may be congenital or acquired. The acquired form is less commom and may be induced by trauma or inflammationand neoplastic invasion of the phrenic nerve. Here, we report a case of acquired diaphragmatic eventration in a dog, withthe aim of increasing the knowledge of this condition in animals and helping others to recognize and treat future cases.Case: A 12-year-old male dachshund presented with severe dyspnea, exercise intolerance and episodes of coughing. Basedon a physical examination and imaging, the main suspicion was a diaphragmatic hernia, and surgery was performed. Whenthe surgeon entered the thoracic cavity, an extremely thin - yet, intact - right hemidiaphragm was observed. The left sideof the diaphragm was normal. A polypropylene mesh was sutured to the affected diaphragm in an attempt to strengthenthe hemidiaphragmatic muscles and prevent further insinuations of viscera into the thoracic cavity. The dog developedbronchopneumonia, postoperatively, and was hospitalized and treated with antibiotics, analgesics and support medication.However, the dog died five days after surgery. A postmortem examination revealed that the right side of the diaphragmwas markedly thin and flaccid. Diaphragm samples were collected for histopathological examination. For comparison, asample of normal diaphragm was collected from a same age, matched dachshund that died due to an unrelated condition.This tissue was called “diaphragm control”, and it was collected in order to compare the histologic features of a normaldiaphragm muscle with the affected one. Histopathology revealed a marked reduction of muscle fibers...(AU)

Síndrome da fragilidade cutânea adquirida e diabetes mellitus secundários ao hiperadrenocorticismo em um gato / Acquired skin fragility syndrome and diabetes mellitus secondary to hyperadrenocorticism in a cat

Background: Acquired skin fragility syndrome is a rare disorder which affects adult to senior cats with no history of skin trauma. Acquired skin fragility syndrome and diabetes mellitus, unlike the dog, are highly associated to feline hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) and, often, undiagnosed, what may accentuate the skin lesions and cause management complications. This report aimed to describe a case of acquired skin fragility syndrome and diabetes mellitus secondary to spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism in a cat, focusing on the chronic dermatological signs and their management, as well as on the treatment of the primary disease.Case: An approximately 7 year-old male mixed breed feline was admitted to the University Veterinary Hospital of an Institution with a history of polyphagia, polyuria and polydipsia, and skin ulcers on the trunk and in the cervical region about 2 months after onset and difficult to heal. Laboratory examinations indicated leukocytosis with lymphopenia, decreased urine specific gravity, glycosuria and hyperglycemia. The fasting plasma glucose level, the dexamethasone suppression test and the bilateral adrenal gland enlargement, visualized by ultrasonography, revealed diabetes mellitus and spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism, respectively. Histological skin findings indicated feline acquired skin fragility syndrome. Skin wound treatment through cleaning, protection and antibiotic therapy, and administration of insulin and trilostane were performed. After 6 months of trilostane therapy, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test was performed, which demonstrated normal cortisol values 4 h after administration, which allowed maintenance of the dosage. After 12 months of the diagnosis of skin fragility syndrome and diabetes mellitus secondary to HAC, the patient did not present new skin lesions, fasting glycemia was within the reference values without insulin therapy and maintained only the prescription of trilostane.[...]

Síndrome da fragilidade cutânea adquirida e diabetes mellitus secundários ao hiperadrenocorticismo em um gato / Acquired skin fragility syndrome and diabetes mellitus secondary to hyperadrenocorticism in a cat

Background: Acquired skin fragility syndrome is a rare disorder which affects adult to senior cats with no history of skin trauma. Acquired skin fragility syndrome and diabetes mellitus, unlike the dog, are highly associated to feline hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) and, often, undiagnosed, what may accentuate the skin lesions and cause management complications. This report aimed to describe a case of acquired skin fragility syndrome and diabetes mellitus secondary to spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism in a cat, focusing on the chronic dermatological signs and their management, as well as on the treatment of the primary disease.Case: An approximately 7 year-old male mixed breed feline was admitted to the University Veterinary Hospital of an Institution with a history of polyphagia, polyuria and polydipsia, and skin ulcers on the trunk and in the cervical region about 2 months after onset and difficult to heal. Laboratory examinations indicated leukocytosis with lymphopenia, decreased urine specific gravity, glycosuria and hyperglycemia. The fasting plasma glucose level, the dexamethasone suppression test and the bilateral adrenal gland enlargement, visualized by ultrasonography, revealed diabetes mellitus and spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism, respectively. Histological skin findings indicated feline acquired skin fragility syndrome. Skin wound treatment through cleaning, protection and antibiotic therapy, and administration of insulin and trilostane were performed. After 6 months of trilostane therapy, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test was performed, which demonstrated normal cortisol values 4 h after administration, which allowed maintenance of the dosage. After 12 months of the diagnosis of skin fragility syndrome and diabetes mellitus secondary to HAC, the patient did not present new skin lesions, fasting glycemia was within the reference values without insulin therapy and maintained only the prescription of trilostane.[...](AU)

Ischemic myelopathy caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism in a horse / Mielopatia isquêmica associada a embolismo fibrocartilaginoso em um equino

This report described clinical, epidemiological, and pathological aspects of ischemic myelopathy caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE) in a 10-year-old, mixed breed gelding. Clinically, the horse presented acute hind limbs paralysis, with a clinical course of approximately 24 hours. At necropsy, no gross lesions were observed. Cross-sections of the spinal cord revealed focally extensive areas of malacia from the T10 to L4 segments. Focally extensive areas of liquefactive necrosis involving the gray matter and adjacent white matter were observed on histologic sections. The lumen of multiple blood vessels in the periphery of the necrotic areas was occluded by fibrocartilaginous emboli that strongly stained with alcian blue. Clinical signs, gross necropsy, and histological findings observed in this case were identical to those described in the literature for ischemic myelopathy caused by FCE in the horse and other species.(AU)

Este relato descreve os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um caso de mielopatia isquêmica por embolismo fibrocartilaginoso (FCE) em um equino, macho castrado, sem raça definida, com 10 anos de idade. Clinicamente, o equino apresentou paralisia aguda dos membros pélvicos com evolução de aproximadamente 24 horas. Na necropsia não foram observadas alterações. Após serem realizados vários cortes transversais na medula espinhal, observou-se área focalmente extensa de malacia entre o segmento T10 até L4. Histologicamente haviam áreas focalmente extensas de necrose de liquefação envolvendo a substância cinzenta e a substância branca adjacente. Múltiplos vasos sanguíneos da periferia das áreas de necrose estavam ocluídos por êmbolos fibrocartilaginosos, que reagiram fortemente pela técnica de azul alciano. Os sinais clínicos, as lesões macroscópicas e os achados histológicos observados neste caso, são idênticos aos descritos na literatura para FCE em equinos e nas demais espécies.(AU)

Rabies outbreak in buffaloes in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Surtos de raiva em bubalinos no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This report aimed to describe the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of an outbreak of rabies in buffaloes in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Seven out of 41 buffaloes from the same farm became fatally ill; they showed the clinical signs of ataxia, ascending paresis, and paralysis of the limbs. During necropsy, marked hyperemia of the leptomeningeal vessels, and severe distention of the urinary bladder were noted. Histologically, there were indications of nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis and ganglioneuritis with intracytoplasmic and eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the neurons. The fluorescent antibody test was positive for rabies. Viral antigens were also detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in sections of the cerebellum. These results allowed for the definitive diagnosis of rabies, which is uncommonly reported in buffaloes.

Este relato objetiva descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um surto de raiva em bubalinos no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Adoeceram e morreram sete de um total de 41 búfalos de uma mesma propriedade, com sinais clínicos de incoordenação motora, paresia ou paralisia ascendentes dos membros. Durante a necropsia, observou-se marcada hiperemia dos vasos das leptomeninges e acentuada distensão da vesícula urinária por urina. Histologicamente havia meningoencefalite e ganglioneurite não supurativas associadas a corpúsculos de inclusão intracitoplasmáticos e eosinofílicos em neurônios. O teste de imunofluorescência direta foi positivo para raiva. O antígeno viral também foi detectado em seções do cerebelo por meio da imuno-histoquímica (IHQ). A associação destes resultados permitiu o diagnóstico definitivo de raiva, uma doença pouco relatada em bubalinos.

Rabies outbreak in buffaloes in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Surtos de raiva em bubalinos no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This report aimed to describe the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of an outbreak of rabies in buffaloes in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Seven out of 41 buffaloes from the same farm became fatally ill; they showed the clinical signs of ataxia, ascending paresis, and paralysis of the limbs. During necropsy, marked hyperemia of the leptomeningeal vessels, and severe distention of the urinary bladder were noted. Histologically, there were indications of nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis and ganglioneuritis with intracytoplasmic and eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the neurons. The fluorescent antibody test was positive for rabies. Viral antigens were also detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in sections of the cerebellum. These results allowed for the definitive diagnosis of rabies, which is uncommonly reported in buffaloes.(AU)

Este relato objetiva descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um surto de raiva em bubalinos no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Adoeceram e morreram sete de um total de 41 búfalos de uma mesma propriedade, com sinais clínicos de incoordenação motora, paresia ou paralisia ascendentes dos membros. Durante a necropsia, observou-se marcada hiperemia dos vasos das leptomeninges e acentuada distensão da vesícula urinária por urina. Histologicamente havia meningoencefalite e ganglioneurite não supurativas associadas a corpúsculos de inclusão intracitoplasmáticos e eosinofílicos em neurônios. O teste de imunofluorescência direta foi positivo para raiva. O antígeno viral também foi detectado em seções do cerebelo por meio da imuno-histoquímica (IHQ). A associação destes resultados permitiu o diagnóstico definitivo de raiva, uma doença pouco relatada em bubalinos.(AU)

Ancillary techniques on the evaluation of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors from Brazil / Técnicas auxiliares avaliação de mastocitomas cutâneos caninos do Brasil

The use of histologic classification by a 2-tier grading system only, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for KIT and Ki-67 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for internal tandem duplications (ITD) on exon 11 has improved the prognostication of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (CCMTs) particularly in the United States. However, these techniques are not commonly used in most Brazilian laboratories. Likewise, no studies, to date, have investigated the occurrence of ITD in CCMTs from the country. Thus, this study tested the 2-tier grading system, the immunohistochemistry for KIT and Ki-67 and the PCR for exon 11 in a group of Brazilian CCMTs with the goal of investigating the applicability of these tests in a Brazilian laboratory. Of the 39 CCMTs, 69.2% (27/39) were identified as low-grade and 30.8% (12/39) as high-grade by a 2-tier grading system. All tumors had a KIT expression pattern II, and 30.6% (11/36) had a high growth fraction (Ki-67). PCR amplification was successful in four of the 11 tumors examined. Two of these (50%) were positive for ITD. This study highlights the importance of using auxiliary techniques in the CCMT evaluation, identifies limitations and confirms the applicability of these methods on a routine diagnostic basis in Brazil. Our results will help to improve the prognostication of CCMTs in Brazilian diagnostic laboratories, encouraging the use of supplementary methods.(AU)

O uso de classificação histológica por um novo sistema de graduação que utiliza apenas duas categorias, imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) para KIT e Ki-67 e reação de polimerase em cadeia (PCR) para mutações (duplicações internas) no éxon 11 tem melhorado a avaliação do prognóstico de mastocitomas cutâneos caninos (MCCs), particularmente nos Estados Unidos. No entanto, essas técnicas são ainda pouco utilizadas em laboratórios brasileiros e, até então, nenhum estudo investigou a prevalência de duplicações internas (DIs) em MCCs do país. Este estudo testou o novo sistema de graduação histológica de duas categorias, a imuno-histoquímica para KIT e Ki-67 e o PCR para exon 11 em um grupo de MCCs brasileiros, com o objetivo de investigar a aplicabilidade desses métodos em um laboratório brasileiro. De 39 MCCs, 69,2% foram identificados como sendo de baixo grau e 30,8% como de alto grau. Todos tiveram um padrão II de expressão de KIT, e 30,6% (11/36) tiveram uma alta contagem para Ki-67. A amplificação foi bem-sucedida em quatro dos 11 tumores examinados. Dois destes (50%) foram positivos para DIs. Este estudo ressaltou a importância do uso de técnicas auxiliares na avaliação de MCCs, identificou limitações e confirmou a aplicabilidade desses métodos em uma rotina de diagnósticos no Brasil. Esses resultados irão auxiliar na melhor avaliação prognóstica dos MCCs em laboratórios brasileiros, encorajando o uso de métodos suplementares neste processo.(AU)

Aspectos anatomopatológicos do linfoma cutâneo em cães – revisão / Anatomopathological aspects of cutaneous lymphoma in dogs – review / Características histopatológicas del linfoma cutáneo en perros – revisión

O linfoma é um dos tipos de câncer mais prevalentes em cães, no entanto, aspectos macroscópicos, de lesões superficiais eritematosas e esfoliativas a tumores. é incomum na pele. Quando se origina na pele, tem sido observado sob vários Histologicamente, os linfomas cutâneos são subdivididos em epiteliotrópicos. Os linfomas epiteliotrópicos geralmente são vistos como micose fungoide e, mais raramente, como reticulose pagetoide ou síndrome de Sézary. Os linfomas não epiteliotrópicos incluem: linfoma anaplásico de grandes células T, linfoma de células T periféricas inespecífico, granulomatose linfomatoide, linfoma intravascular e linfoma de células T semelhante a paniculite subcutânea. Esta revisão de literatura apresenta os aspectos macroscópicos e histopatológicos dos linfomas cutâneos caninos.

Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent forms of cancers in dogs, however, it is uncommon on the skin. Cutaneous lymphoma can present as erythematous and exfoliative superficial lesions or raised masses. Histologically, cutaneous lymphomas are subdivided into epitheliotropic and non-epitheliotropic. Epitheliotropic lymphomas is mostly seen as mycosis fungoides and more rarely as pagetoid reticulosis or Sézary syndrome. Non-epitheliotropic lymphomas include anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma, unspecified peripheral T-cell lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, intravascular lymphoma, and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. This literature review presents macroscopic and histopathological aspects of canine cutaneous lymphomas.

El linfoma representa uno de los tipos de cáncer más prevalentes en perros, si bien su manifestación dérmica es poco frecuente. Los linfomas de piel pueden presentarse como lesiones superficiales eritematosas y exfoliativas, o bien como tumores. Desde el punto de vista histológico pueden ser clasificados como epiteliotrópicos y no epiteliotrópicos. Los primeros suelen ser vistos como micosis fúngica y, más raro, como reticulosis pagetoide o Síndrome de Sézary. Los linfomas no epiteliotrópicos incluyen el linfoma anaplásico de células T gigantes, linfoma inespecífico de células T, granulomatosis linfomatoide, linfoma intravascular y linfoma de células T similar a paniculitis subcutánea. Esta revisión de literatura presenta aspectos macroscópicos e histopatológicos de los linfomas cutáneos del perro.

Myelopathy associated with cervical epidural spinal metastasis of follicular-compact thyroid carcinoma in two dogs / Mielopatia associada à metástase epidural cervical de carcinoma folicular-compacto de tireoide em dois cães

This case report describes the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in two dogs with myelopathy associated with metastasis of follicular-compact thyroid carcinoma. Microscopically, both primary neoplasms were characterized by polygonal cells arranged in follicles (occasionally filled with eosinophilic colloid-like material) or in sheets. The neoplastic cells had a moderately eosinophilic cytoplasm and there was moderate anisokaryosis and anisocytosis. Additionally, the neoplastic cells were positive for thyroglobulin on immunohistochemistry, confirming the follicular origin of both tumors. This is a very uncommon presentation of this pathological condition.(AU)

Este relato de caso descreve os achados clínicos, histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos em dois cães com mielopatia associada à metástase de carcinoma de tireoide. Microscopicamente, ambos os neoplasmas primários eram caracterizados por células poligonais arranjadas em folículos (ocasionalmente preenchidos por material eosinofílico semelhante a coloide) ou em folhetos. As células neoplásicas tinham moderado citoplasma eosinofílico e moderada anisocitose e anisocariose. Adicionalmente, as células neoplásicas foram positivas para tireoglobulina, confirmando a origem folicular dos tumores em ambos os cães. Essa é uma apresentação incomum dessa condição patológica.(AU)

Aspectos anatomopatológicos do linfoma cutâneo em cães revisão / Anatomopathological aspects of cutaneous lymphoma in dogs review / Características histopatológicas del linfoma cutáneo en perros revisión

O linfoma é um dos tipos de câncer mais prevalentes em cães, no entanto, aspectos macroscópicos, de lesões superficiais eritematosas e esfoliativas a tumores. é incomum na pele. Quando se origina na pele, tem sido observado sob vários Histologicamente, os linfomas cutâneos são subdivididos em epiteliotrópicos. Os linfomas epiteliotrópicos geralmente são vistos como micose fungoide e, mais raramente, como reticulose pagetoide ou síndrome de Sézary. Os linfomas não epiteliotrópicos incluem: linfoma anaplásico de grandes células T, linfoma de células T periféricas inespecífico, granulomatose linfomatoide, linfoma intravascular e linfoma de células T semelhante a paniculite subcutânea. Esta revisão de literatura apresenta os aspectos macroscópicos e histopatológicos dos linfomas cutâneos caninos.(AU)

Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent forms of cancers in dogs, however, it is uncommon on the skin. Cutaneous lymphoma can present as erythematous and exfoliative superficial lesions or raised masses. Histologically, cutaneous lymphomas are subdivided into epitheliotropic and non-epitheliotropic. Epitheliotropic lymphomas is mostly seen as mycosis fungoides and more rarely as pagetoid reticulosis or Sézary syndrome. Non-epitheliotropic lymphomas include anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma, unspecified peripheral T-cell lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, intravascular lymphoma, and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. This literature review presents macroscopic and histopathological aspects of canine cutaneous lymphomas.(AU)

El linfoma representa uno de los tipos de cáncer más prevalentes en perros, si bien su manifestación dérmica es poco frecuente. Los linfomas de piel pueden presentarse como lesiones superficiales eritematosas y exfoliativas, o bien como tumores. Desde el punto de vista histológico pueden ser clasificados como epiteliotrópicos y no epiteliotrópicos. Los primeros suelen ser vistos como micosis fúngica y, más raro, como reticulosis pagetoide o Síndrome de Sézary. Los linfomas no epiteliotrópicos incluyen el linfoma anaplásico de células T gigantes, linfoma inespecífico de células T, granulomatosis linfomatoide, linfoma intravascular y linfoma de células T similar a paniculitis subcutánea. Esta revisión de literatura presenta aspectos macroscópicos e histopatológicos de los linfomas cutáneos del perro.(AU)

Bócio congênito em caprinos no Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Congenital caprine goiter in northwestern Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

Os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um surto de bócio congênito em caprinos são descritos. A etiologia dessa condição foi associada à ausência de suplementação mineral com iodo para as cabras prenhes, e constituiu o fator responsável pela natimortalidade nesse surto. Clinicamente, todos os natimortos apresentaram marcado aumento de volume na região cervical ventral cranial e alopecia difusa. Na necropsia de um dos cabritos natimortos, observou-se acentuado aumento de volume simétrico de ambos os lobos da glândula tireoide, que eram firmes, compactos e vermelho-escuros. Histologicamente, as lesões eram características de bócio hiperplásico difuso e consistiam de: 1) marcada hiperplasia e hipertrofia do epitélio folicular; 2) formação de folículos tireoidianos marcadamente heterogêneos, devido principalmente à quantidade variável de coloide intraluminal; e 3) presença de vacúolos endocíticos, que representam a endocitose do coloide e demonstram a atividade da glândula tireoide.

The epidemiological, clinical, and anatomopathological aspects of an outbreak of congenital caprine goiter are described in this article. The cause of the congenital goiter and neonatal deaths was attributed to the absence of mineral supplementation with iodine to the pregnant dams. Clinically, all neonatal dead goats presented with marked swelling on the cranioventral cervical area and diffuse body alopecia. One of the dead kids was submitted to necropsy, and changes consisted of marked, symmetrical enlargement of both thyroid lobes, which were also firm, compact, and dark red. Histologically, changes were characteristic of diffuse hyperplastic goiter and consisted of: 1) marked follicular thyroid hyperplasia and hypertrophy; 2) formation of heterogeneous thyroid follicles due to the variable amounts of luminal colloid; and 3) presence of endocytic vacuoles, which represent colloid endocytosis and demonstrate activity of the thyroid gland.

Bócio congênito em caprinos no Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Congenital caprine goiter in northwestern Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

Os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um surto de bócio congênito em caprinos são descritos. A etiologia dessa condição foi associada à ausência de suplementação mineral com iodo para as cabras prenhes, e constituiu o fator responsável pela natimortalidade nesse surto. Clinicamente, todos os natimortos apresentaram marcado aumento de volume na região cervical ventral cranial e alopecia difusa. Na necropsia de um dos cabritos natimortos, observou-se acentuado aumento de volume simétrico de ambos os lobos da glândula tireoide, que eram firmes, compactos e vermelho-escuros. Histologicamente, as lesões eram características de bócio hiperplásico difuso e consistiam de: 1) marcada hiperplasia e hipertrofia do epitélio folicular; 2) formação de folículos tireoidianos marcadamente heterogêneos, devido principalmente à quantidade variável de coloide intraluminal; e 3) presença de vacúolos endocíticos, que representam a endocitose do coloide e demonstram a atividade da glândula tireoide.(AU)

The epidemiological, clinical, and anatomopathological aspects of an outbreak of congenital caprine goiter are described in this article. The cause of the congenital goiter and neonatal deaths was attributed to the absence of mineral supplementation with iodine to the pregnant dams. Clinically, all neonatal dead goats presented with marked swelling on the cranioventral cervical area and diffuse body alopecia. One of the dead kids was submitted to necropsy, and changes consisted of marked, symmetrical enlargement of both thyroid lobes, which were also firm, compact, and dark red. Histologically, changes were characteristic of diffuse hyperplastic goiter and consisted of: 1) marked follicular thyroid hyperplasia and hypertrophy; 2) formation of heterogeneous thyroid follicles due to the variable amounts of luminal colloid; and 3) presence of endocytic vacuoles, which represent colloid endocytosis and demonstrate activity of the thyroid gland.(AU)

Doença renal policística em bezerro / Polycystic kidney disease in a calf

Este relato descreve um caso de doença renal policística em um bovino, macho, mestiço, com um ano de idade. Ao exame clínicoobservou-se estado nutricional ruim, mucosas pálidas, desidratação moderada (8% a 10%), úlceras na região ventral da língua,áreas multifocais de hipotricose recobertas por crostas por todo o corpo e decúbito esterno-lateral permanente. Na avaliação dohemograma observou-se principalmente anemia arregenerativa e leucocitose devido à neutrofilia com desvio à [confirmar] esquerda.Na necropsia, os rins estavam aumentados de volume, pálidos e com a superfície natural finamente irregular. Histologicamente, haviasubstituição quase completa da cortical renal por múltiplos e pequenos cistos, distensão dos espaços de Bowman, regeneraçãotubular, fibrose, edema e leve infiltrado inflamatório linfoplasmocítico intersticial.(AU)

This report describes a case of polycystic kidney disease in a male, mixed breed bovine aged one year. On clinical examinationrevealed a poor nutritional status, pallid mucous membranes, moderated dehydration (8 to 10%), ulcers on the ventral portion ofthe tongue, multifocal areas of hypotrichosis covered with scabs throughout the entire body and permanent sternolateral decubitus.The blood exam revealed aregenerative anemia and leukocytosis (neutrophilia) with deviation to the left. The necropsy revealedenlarged, pallid kidneys with a finely irregular natural surface. The histological analysis revealed the nearly complete replacementof the renal cortex by numerous small cysts, distension of the Bowman space, tubular regeneration, fibrosis, edema and mildinterstitial lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate.(AU)