Effects of heated tumescence solution in bitches after unilateral mastectomy

Background: Mammary tumors, for which mastectomy is the main treatment, are the most common neoplasms in bitches. Mastectomy is painful and, in order to reduce the pain stimulus in the transoperative period, tumescent local anesthesia is associated with general inhalation anesthesia. However, despite the numerous benefits of tumescence, intraoperative hypothermia is the most common complication. In Medicine, especially in plastic and dermatological surgery, it is common to use a heated tumescence solution to prevent intraoperative hypothermia; however, in Veterinary medicine, no previous study has examined the advantages and disadvantages of using heated tumescence solution. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the transanesthetic cardiorespiratory effects of heated tumescence solution in bitches submitted to radical unilateral mastectomy. Materials, Methods & Results: Eight animals were treated with 0.1% lidocaine solution, warmed to 37-42°C, using a Klein’s cannula for administration. Chlorpromazine (0.3 mg/kg) and meperidine (3 mg/kg) were used as pre-anesthetic medication intramuscularly, and induction was performed with intravenous propofol and maintenance with isoflurane. The data collection times were as follows: 15 min after starting isoflurane administration (M1), 5 min after tumescence (M2), after beginning of surgical incision (M3), during breast pullout (M4), after clamping of the superficial caudal epigastric vein, and artery (M5), after the beginning of the approximation of the subcutaneous tissue (M6), after the beginning of the intradermal suture (M7), and at the end of the surgical procedure (Mfinal). The heart...

Effects of heated tumescence solution in bitches after unilateral mastectomy

Background: Mammary tumors, for which mastectomy is the main treatment, are the most common neoplasms in bitches. Mastectomy is painful and, in order to reduce the pain stimulus in the transoperative period, tumescent local anesthesia is associated with general inhalation anesthesia. However, despite the numerous benefits of tumescence, intraoperative hypothermia is the most common complication. In Medicine, especially in plastic and dermatological surgery, it is common to use a heated tumescence solution to prevent intraoperative hypothermia; however, in Veterinary medicine, no previous study has examined the advantages and disadvantages of using heated tumescence solution. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the transanesthetic cardiorespiratory effects of heated tumescence solution in bitches submitted to radical unilateral mastectomy. Materials, Methods & Results: Eight animals were treated with 0.1% lidocaine solution, warmed to 37-42°C, using a Kleins cannula for administration. Chlorpromazine (0.3 mg/kg) and meperidine (3 mg/kg) were used as pre-anesthetic medication intramuscularly, and induction was performed with intravenous propofol and maintenance with isoflurane. The data collection times were as follows: 15 min after starting isoflurane administration (M1), 5 min after tumescence (M2), after beginning of surgical incision (M3), during breast pullout (M4), after clamping of the superficial caudal epigastric vein, and artery (M5), after the beginning of the approximation of the subcutaneous tissue (M6), after the beginning of the intradermal suture (M7), and at the end of the surgical procedure (Mfinal). The heart...(AU)

Association between vitamin D and malignant mammary tumors in obese female dogs

Overweight and obesity are known risk factors that are involved in the development and aggressiveness of breast tumors in women. In situations of obesity, local and systemic inflammation may worsen the prognosis of oncological patients. Moreover, hypovitaminosis D increases the risk of breast tumors in women. In female dogs, low vitamin D levels have been found in cases of lymphoma, osteosarcoma and mast cell tumor. The present study aimed to make correlations between body fat composition and serum 25(OH)D concentration in female dogs with mammary tumors. Two experimental groups were formed: healthy female dogs (n = 12; control group) and female dogs with mammary tumors (n = 11). An analysis on body composition was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) equipment. In the tumor group, multicentric nodules were most prevalent (63,6%), with diameters of up to 8.2 cm. The most frequent histopathological diagnosis was tubular carcinoma (45.5%), and 9.1% presented metastases in axillary lymph nodes. The mean 25(OH)D concentration in the female dogs with mammary tumors (37.6 ng mL-1) was lower than the level in the control group (65.4 ng mL-1). Multivariate statistical analysis showed that elderly female dogs with malignant mammary tumors and high body fat levels presented lower 25(OH)D concentrations than those of the control group. It was concluded that female dogs with higher body adiposity presented mammary tumors of higher aggressivity, and that the higher the fat percentage was in the female dogs with malignant mammary tumors, the lower their vitamin D concentration was.(AU)

Comparison of two different vinblastine dosages for treatment of cutaneous mast cell tumor in dogs

Background: Mast cell tumors (MCT) are among the most common malignant cutaneous neoplasm in dogs with variable biologic behavior and remain a therapeutic challenge in high-grade cases. Surgery remains the primary treatment for canine MCT; however, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are commonly used to treat aggressive cases. The combination of vinblastine (VBL) at a dose of 2 mg/m² and prednisone is the classically described protocol for MCT treatment. Studies have shown the safety of higher VBL doses for dogs with MCT, but there is a lack of information regarding dose intensity and outcome as a goal after chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a higher dose of VBL on MCT treatment outcome. Materials, Methods & Results: This was an observational and comparative study conducted in two different Veterinary Teaching Hospitals. Client-owned dogs with histopathological diagnosis of grade II or III MCT were selected and underwent at least four chemotherapy sessions with VBL and prednisone. The experimental group (EG) consisted of 18 dogs that received a dose of 3 mg/m² VBL treated in one institution. The control group (CG) included 31 dogs that received a dose of 2 mg/m² VBL treated at the other institution. All dogs treated in both groups had a clinical and complete blood count (CBC) evaluation performed previous the start of chemotherapy (T0) and before each weekly treatment (T1, T2, T3, and T4). After treatment, dogs in both groups were followed-up for the recurrence rate and overall survival time after diagnosis. There was no significant difference in clinical variables between EG and CG. During treatment, dogs of EG showed a significant reduction in erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values between T0 and T1, T2, T3, and T4 (P < 0.001). Comparatively, the CG showed significant reduction in hemoglobin (P = 0.02) and total leucocytes (P = 0.001) values in the same period. Despite these findings, these hematological...

Evaluation of hemostasis in female dogs with mammary carcinoma and the influence of clinical stage and histopathological grade

Background: Mammary tumors are frequent in female dogs, and are biologically similar in female dogs and humans.Hemostatic disorders are common in humans with cancer, and the mechanisms that conduct coagulation activation involvetissue and cancer procoagulant factors and inflammatory cytokines. Despite the importance of coagulopathy diagnosis thatevaluate hemostasis, veterinarians rarely request such tests in routine clinical oncology. This study aimed to investigate thepossible hemostatic abnormalities in female dogs with mammary carcinomas and assess any associations with prognosticfactors for mammary cancer in female dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 62 female dogs were selected for inclusion in this study regardless of age or breed.The control group consisted of 30 healthy dogs, and the carcinoma group consisted of 32 dogs with a histopathologicaldiagnosis of mammary carcinoma that was free of distant metastases and comorbidities that could interfere with the hemostatic system integrity. The dogs with mammary carcinoma were divided into subgroups according to their histologicaltype, histopathological grading, tumor size, and clinical stage of the disease (TNM) to evaluate the relationships betweenthe subgroups and hemostatic parameters (blood platelet counts, prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastintime [aPTT], and plasma fibrinogen concentration). The hemostatic parameters were significantly higher in the carcinomagroup than in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate that there is a strong association between the occurrenceof mammary carcinoma and abnormal hemostatic parameters...

Evaluation of hemostasis in female dogs with mammary carcinoma and the influence of clinical stage and histopathological grade

Background: Mammary tumors are frequent in female dogs, and are biologically similar in female dogs and humans.Hemostatic disorders are common in humans with cancer, and the mechanisms that conduct coagulation activation involvetissue and cancer procoagulant factors and inflammatory cytokines. Despite the importance of coagulopathy diagnosis thatevaluate hemostasis, veterinarians rarely request such tests in routine clinical oncology. This study aimed to investigate thepossible hemostatic abnormalities in female dogs with mammary carcinomas and assess any associations with prognosticfactors for mammary cancer in female dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 62 female dogs were selected for inclusion in this study regardless of age or breed.The control group consisted of 30 healthy dogs, and the carcinoma group consisted of 32 dogs with a histopathologicaldiagnosis of mammary carcinoma that was free of distant metastases and comorbidities that could interfere with the hemostatic system integrity. The dogs with mammary carcinoma were divided into subgroups according to their histologicaltype, histopathological grading, tumor size, and clinical stage of the disease (TNM) to evaluate the relationships betweenthe subgroups and hemostatic parameters (blood platelet counts, prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastintime [aPTT], and plasma fibrinogen concentration). The hemostatic parameters were significantly higher in the carcinomagroup than in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate that there is a strong association between the occurrenceof mammary carcinoma and abnormal hemostatic parameters...(AU)

Emprego de plasma rico em plaquetas em retalho de padrão axial da artéria genicular medial em cão: relato de caso / Use of platelet rich plasma in axial pattern flap of medial genicular artery in dog: case report / El uso de plasma rico en plaquetas en la solapa de la arteria geniculado medial en un perro: un informe de caso

As feridas de pele apresentam alta prevalência no atendimento clínico de pequenos animais, incluindo lesões provenientes de traumatismo, além de defeitos extensos decorrentes da ressecção de neoplasias. Porém problemas relacionados com a neovascularização em procedimentos cirúrgicos como presença de necrose podem estar presentes. Deste modo, o emprego do plasma rico em plaquetas em cirurgias reconstrutivas é indicado por favorecer a integração do retalho no leito receptor por meio da estimulação da angiogênese, bem como a reduzir a necrose na extremidade dos retalhos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de emprego de plasma rico em plaquetas em retalho de padrão axial da artéria genicular medial na correção de defeitos extenso proveniente da ressecção de neoplasia em cão. Os resultados evidenciam que a utilização do plasma rico em plaquetas autólogo em cirurgia reconstrutiva favoreceu a integração do retalho no leito receptor reduzindo a ocorrência de necrose na extremidade dos retalhos.(AU)

Skin wounds present high prevalence in the clinical care of small animals, including injuries from trauma, as well as extensive defects resulting from resection of tumors. However, problems related to neovascularization in surgical procedures such as the presence of necrosis may be present. Thus, the use of platelet rich plasma in reconstructive surgeries is indicated by favoring the integration of the flap in the recipient bed by stimulation of angiogenesis, as well as reducing necrosis at the end of the flaps. This paper aims to report a case of use of platelet rich plasma in the axial pattern of the medial genicular artery in the correction of extensive defects resulting from the resection of neoplasia in dogs. The results evidenced that the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma in reconstructive surgery favored the integration of the flap in the receptor bed reducing the presence of necrosis at the end of the flaps.(AU)

Las heridas de piel presentan elevada prevalencia durante la atención clínica de pequeños animales e incluyen lesiones secundarias por trauma y defectos extensos posteriores a escisión de tumores. Por lo tanto, pueden presentarse alteraciones de neovascularización y posterior presencia de necrosis tras la realización de procedimientos quirúrgicos; por esta razón, se indica el uso de plasma rico en plaquetas durante la cirugía reconstructiva para favorecer la integración del colgajo con el lecho receptor estimulando la angiogénesis y reduciendo la presencia de necrosis en el extremo de los colgajos. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo relatar un caso mediante el uso de patrón axial de la arteria genicular medial asociado al uso de plasma rico en plaquetas para corregir un defecto extenso tras la resección quirúrgica de una neoplasia. Los resultados demostraron que la utilización de plasma rico en plaquetas autólogo favoreció la integración del colgajo sobre el lecho receptor, reduciendo la necrosis en el extremo distal del colgajo.(AU)

Emprego de plasma rico em plaquetas em retalho de padrão axial da artéria genicular medial em cão: relato de caso / Use of platelet rich plasma in axial pattern flap of medial genicular artery in dog: case report / El uso de plasma rico en plaquetas en la solapa de la arteria geniculado medial en un perro: un informe de caso

As feridas de pele apresentam alta prevalência no atendimento clínico de pequenos animais, incluindo lesões provenientes de traumatismo, além de defeitos extensos decorrentes da ressecção de neoplasias. Porém problemas relacionados com a neovascularização em procedimentos cirúrgicos como presença de necrose podem estar presentes. Deste modo, o emprego do plasma rico em plaquetas em cirurgias reconstrutivas é indicado por favorecer a integração do retalho no leito receptor por meio da estimulação da angiogênese, bem como a reduzir a necrose na extremidade dos retalhos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de emprego de plasma rico em plaquetas em retalho de padrão axial da artéria genicular medial na correção de defeitos extenso proveniente da ressecção de neoplasia em cão. Os resultados evidenciam que a utilização do plasma rico em plaquetas autólogo em cirurgia reconstrutiva favoreceu a integração do retalho no leito receptor reduzindo a ocorrência de necrose na extremidade dos retalhos.

Skin wounds present high prevalence in the clinical care of small animals, including injuries from trauma, as well as extensive defects resulting from resection of tumors. However, problems related to neovascularization in surgical procedures such as the presence of necrosis may be present. Thus, the use of platelet rich plasma in reconstructive surgeries is indicated by favoring the integration of the flap in the recipient bed by stimulation of angiogenesis, as well as reducing necrosis at the end of the flaps. This paper aims to report a case of use of platelet rich plasma in the axial pattern of the medial genicular artery in the correction of extensive defects resulting from the resection of neoplasia in dogs. The results evidenced that the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma in reconstructive surgery favored the integration of the flap in the receptor bed reducing the presence of necrosis at the end of the flaps.

Las heridas de piel presentan elevada prevalencia durante la atención clínica de pequeños animales e incluyen lesiones secundarias por trauma y defectos extensos posteriores a escisión de tumores. Por lo tanto, pueden presentarse alteraciones de neovascularización y posterior presencia de necrosis tras la realización de procedimientos quirúrgicos; por esta razón, se indica el uso de plasma rico en plaquetas durante la cirugía reconstructiva para favorecer la integración del colgajo con el lecho receptor estimulando la angiogénesis y reduciendo la presencia de necrosis en el extremo de los colgajos. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo relatar un caso mediante el uso de patrón axial de la arteria genicular medial asociado al uso de plasma rico en plaquetas para corregir un defecto extenso tras la resección quirúrgica de una neoplasia. Los resultados demostraron que la utilización de plasma rico en plaquetas autólogo favoreció la integración del colgajo sobre el lecho receptor, reduciendo la necrosis en el extremo distal del colgajo.