Conceptus-modulated innate immune function during early pregnancy in ruminants: a review

This review focuses on the innate immune events modulated by conceptus signaling during early pregnancy in ruminants. Interferon-tau (IFN-) plays a role in the recognition of pregnancy in ruminants, which involves more than the inhibition of luteolytic pulses of PGF2 to maintain corpus luteum function. For successful pregnancy establishment, the allogenic conceptus needs to prevent rejection by the female. Therefore, IFN- exerts paracrine and endocrine actions to regulate the innate immune system and prevent conceptus rejection. Additionally, other immune regulators work in parallel with IFN-, such as the pattern recognition receptors (PRR). These receptors are activated during viral and bacterial infections and in early pregnancy, but it remains unknown whether PPR expression and function are controlled by IFN-. Therefore, this review focuses on the main components of the innate immune response that are involved with early pregnancy and their importance to avoid conceptus rejection.(AU)

Understanding the uterine environment in early pregnancy in cattle: How have the omicsenhanced our knowledge?

Early pregnancy loss in cattle can be attributed to a myriad of sources. One key factor that can influence early pregnancy success or loss is the influence and interactions between the maternal environment and the developing embryo/conceptus. Recent advancesin high-throughput ‘omics' technologies coupled with improved bioinformatics capabilities represent a promising avenue for enhancing our understanding of fundamental developmental events– which would have direct agricultural, veterinary, and economic benefits. Thusly this review revolves around recent applications of advanced transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses within a bovine uterine secretomic and interactomic context, with an overriding aim to highlight the advantages of these emerging fields whilst identify ingareas for improvement, consideration, and further research and development.

Understanding the uterine environment in early pregnancy in cattle: How have the omicsenhanced our knowledge?

Early pregnancy loss in cattle can be attributed to a myriad of sources. One key factor that can influence early pregnancy success or loss is the influence and interactions between the maternal environment and the developing embryo/conceptus. Recent advancesin high-throughput ‘omics' technologies coupled with improved bioinformatics capabilities represent a promising avenue for enhancing our understanding of fundamental developmental eventswhich would have direct agricultural, veterinary, and economic benefits. Thusly this review revolves around recent applications of advanced transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses within a bovine uterine secretomic and interactomic context, with an overriding aim to highlight the advantages of these emerging fields whilst identify ingareas for improvement, consideration, and further research and development.(AU)