Resumo

A imobilização é uma ferramenta ortopédica utilizada para tratar lesões traumáticas que comprometem estruturas osteomusculares. No entanto, esta prática pode produzir efeitos adversos à estrutura imobilizada, assim como em estruturas adjacentes. A fim de coibir os danos gerados pelo desuso a terapia aquática vem sendo utilizada para auxiliar nos ajustes fisiológicos do corpo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o trofismo e a força muscular relativa do músculo cardíaco, assim como de estruturas musculares de ratas submetidas à imobilização e recuperadas com terapia aquática. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética para o Uso de Animais da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, sob o protocolo nº 1122178 de 05/10/2017. Foram utilizadas 32 ratas, fêmeas, Wistar, divididas em quatro grupos: Controle (CTR), Imobilizado (I), Terapia Aquática (TA) e Imobilizado/Terapia Aquática (ITA). A imobilização ocorreu no membro posterior direito, incluindo a pelve, o quadril, o fêmur, o joelho (extensão), a tíbia e o tornozelo (flexão plantar) durante duas semanas. A terapia aquática ocorreu durante seis dias por semana ao longo de duas semanas. Após esse período os animais foram sacrificados e dissecados as estruturas de interesse: coração, sóleo, extensor longo dos dedos (ELD) e tíbia. O trofismo muscular foi calculado pela razão entre o peso úmido do músculo de interesse (mg) e o peso corporal final (g) dos animais. A força muscular relativa foi delimitada pela razão entre o peso do músculo (mg) e o comprimento da tíbia (mm). Para análise estatística utilizou-se ANOVA One way com teste Brown-Forsythe e Kruskal-Wallis, considerando diferença com p<0,05. Os resultados foram expressos em média ± erro padrão da média. Verificou-se que houve um decréscimo significativo da força muscular relativa do ELD no grupo imobilizado em comparação ao grupo CTR no membro contralateral.

Immobilization is an orthopedic tool used to treat traumatic injuries that compromise musculoskeletal structures. However, this practice may produce adverse effects on the immobilized structure, as well as adjacent structures. In order to curb the damages generated by disuse, aquatic therapy has been used to assist in the physiological adjustments of the body. The present study aims to analyze the trophism and relative muscular strength of the cardiac muscle as well as the muscular structures of rats submitted to immobilization and recovered with aquatic therapy. The project was approved by the Committee of Ethics for the Use of Animals of the State University of Ceará, under the protocol nº1122178 of 05/10/2017.Thirty-two female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control (CTR), Immobilized (I), Aquatic Therapy (TA) and Immobilized with Aquatic Therapy (ITA). Immobilization occurred in the right hind limb, including the pelvis, hip, femur, knee (extension), tibia, and ankle (plantar flexion) for two weeks. Aquatic therapy occurred for six days a week over two weeks. After this period the animals were sacrificed and the structures of interest were dissected: heart, soleus and he extensor digitorum longus. Muscle trophism was calculated by the ratio between the weight of the wet muscle (mg) and the final body weight (g) of the animals. The relative muscle strength was delimited by the ratio of muscle weight (mg) to tibial length (mm). Statistical analysis was used ANOVA One way with Brown-Forsy the and Kruskal-Wallis test, considering difference with p <0.05. Results were expressed as average ± standard error. It was found that there was a significant decrease in the relative muscle strength of the ELD in the immobilized group compared to the CTR group in the contralateral limb.

Resumo

Dentre os diferentes recursos empregados na clínica ortopédica, à imobilização é um instrumento rotineiramente utilizado no tratamento de lesões musculares e ósseas, entretanto, este procedimento ocasiona diversos danos à estrutura imobilizada. A fim de reverter os efeitos adversos da imobilização, é utilizada a terapia aquática que unida aos efeitos benéficos da imersão em água, auxilia nos ajustes fisiológicos do corpo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da terapia aquática em situações de imobilização no músculo gastrocnêmio e na estrutura óssea de membros inferiores. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética para o Uso de Animais da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, sob o protocolo nº 1122178 de 05/10/2017. Foram utilizadas 32 ratas, fêmeas, Wistar, divididas em quatro grupos: Controle (CTR), Imobilizado (I), Terapia Aquática (TA) e Imobilizado/Terapia Aquática (ITA). A imobilização ocorreu no membro posterior direito, incluindo a pelve, o quadril, o fêmur, o joelho (extensão), a tíbia e o tornozelo (flexão plantar) durante duas semanas. A terapia aquática ocorreu durante seis dias por semana ao longo de duas semanas. Após esse período os animais foram sacrificados e dissecados as estruturas de interesse: gastrocnêmio, tíbia e fêmur dos membros posteriores (direita e esquerda). O trofismo muscular foi calculado pela razão entre o peso úmido do músculo gastrocnêmio (mg) e o peso corporal final (g) dos animais. A força muscular relativa foi delimitada pela razão entre o peso do músculo (mg) e o comprimento da tíbia (mm). Das estruturas ósseas foram analisadas as seguintes estruturas de interesse: epífise (proximal e distal), diáfise e comprimento ósseo. Para análise estatística utilizou-se ANOVA One Waycom teste Brown-Forsythee Kruskal-Wallis, considerando diferença com p<0,05. Os resultados foram expressos em média ± erro padrão da média.

Among the different resources used in the orthopedic clinic, immobilization is an instrument routinely used in the treatment of muscular and bone injuries, however, this procedure causes several damages to the immobilized structure. In order to reverse the adverse effects of immobilization, aquatic therapy is used due to the beneficial effects of immersion in water, which helps physiological adjustments of the body. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of aquatic therapy in situations of immobilization in the gastrocnemius muscle and lower limb bone structure. The project was approved by the Committee of Ethics for the Use of Animals of the State University of Ceará, under the protocol nº 1122178 of 05/10/2017. Thirty-two female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control (CTR), Immobilize (I), Aquatic Therapy (AT) and Immobilized with Aquatic Therapy (IAT). Immobilization occurred in the right hind limb, including the pelvis, hip, femur, knee (extension), tibia, and ankle (plantar flexion) for two weeks. Aquatic therapy occurred for six days a week over two weeks. After this period the animals were sacrificed and dissected the structures of interest: gastrocnemius, tibia and femur of the hind paws (right and left). Muscle trophism was calculated by the ratio between the weight of the wet gastrocnemius muscle (mg) and the final body weight (g) of the animals. The relative muscle strength was determined by the ratio of muscle weight (mg) to tibial length (mm). From the bone structures the following structures of interest were analyzed: epiphysis (proximal and distal), diaphysis and bone length. For the statistical analysis it was used ANOVA One way with Brown-Forsythe and Kruskal-Wallis test, considering difference with p <0.05. Results were expressed as average ± standard error.

Resumo

The swimming has a number of physiological benefits, among which we can mention the increased resistance to the perception of thermal stimuli. The thermal sensitivity is designated as responsive to rising temperature, harmful heat, decrease the temperature and harmful cold. The thermal and painful sensations are transmitted to the central nervous system via axons C, Aδ. The heat-sensitive fibers C are called mecanotermossensíveis C fibers, which require different membrane receptors to make the distinction between various sensory thresholds. These receptors are called channels TRP (transient receptor potential) and are responsible for performing the transduction of thermal signals. The termocepção can be measured by the hot plate test based on the response latency to a given adverse thermal stimulus. Objectives: to determine the thermal sensitivity in rats submitted to swimming. Methods: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for the Use of Animals (CEUA) of the State University of Ceará (UECE), Official Letter No. 12725887-0. 16 female Wistar rats were used ± 8 weeks, divided into two groups: control (C) and swimming (N). The animals swimming starting time duration of 3 minutes for the first week and reaching 36 minutes at the end of the second week with a 5% body weight load tied to the tail, to avoid floating. The exercises in the water were carried out by the morning shift, six days a week and a weekly rest. The animals were then immediately dried by a hot air jet device (sized hair dryer). Thermal sensitivity was evaluated using the hot plate test at 50°C is considered as a valid positive response and the heel of the animal licks its hind legs and cleaning of the animals forepaws. The results were analyzed by comparing an average between the two groups tested by one-way ANOVA analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using t test for independent samples, assuming significance of p <0.05. Results and Discussion: As a result, one can observe a significant increase (p = 0.014) in response time to thermal stimulation of the swimming group (5.875 ± 1.060 N = 8) compared to the control group (2.375 ± 0.962 N = 8). These results confirm previous studies, which show that swimming is able to increase the nociceptive threshold in rodents, suggesting that exercise the aquatic environment is able to reduce the activation of TRPV1 channels, which are only activated at temperatures between 42 and 52 ° C. This mechanism might explain the increased latency response comparing the swimming group with the control group. Conclusion: The data demonstrate that swimming increased tolerance to thermal stimuli, which produces a positive effect on the animals, it increases the selectivity of the intensity of painful stimuli perceived by the body.