Modeling performance and nutritional requirements of pigs lots during growth and finishing / Modelagem do desempenho e das exigências nutricionais de lotes suínos em crescimento e terminação

Determination of animal profile from production scenarios by modeling is essential to improve production. The objective of this study was to model and evaluate the performance, the supply and nutrients requirements for pigs, during the growing and finishing phases, in real production scenarios. Six scenarios with 2,200 animals, which consumed six ad libitum diets, were selected. The collected data from the production scenarios were modeled based on the average animal. Animals were housed at 65±7 days old and weighing 22.11±1.41kg and were slaughtered at 159±10 days old and weighing 121.18±7kg. Average of the scenarios was greater than 0.27kg for consumption and 0.12kg for weight gain; feed conversion was equivalent to the standard animal profile (SAP). Scenarios were 1.60g higher for the requirement and 2.67g higher for daily digestible lysine per animal when compared to the SAP. Production scenarios showed differences between performance, supply and nutrient requirements for pigs during the growing and finishing phases. Modeling is a tool that can be used to describe and compare the characteristics of each production scenario.(AU)

A determinação do perfil animal de cenários de produção, por modelagem, é imprescindível para melhorar a produção. O objetivo deste estudo foi modelar e avaliar o desempenho zootécnico, o fornecimento e as exigências de nutrientes para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação em cenários de produção reais. Foram selecionados seis cenários com total de 2.200 animais que consumiram seis dietas ad libitum. Os dados coletados nos cenários de produção foram modelados com base na média animal. Os animais foram alojados com 65±7 dias de idade e 22,11±1,41kg de peso e foram abatidos com 159±10 dias e 121,18±7kg. A média dos cenários foi superior a 0,27kg em consumo e 0,12kg em ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar foi equivalente ao perfil animal padrão (PAP). Os cenários foram superiores em 1,60g para exigência e 2,67g para fornecimento de lisina digestível diária por animal em relação ao PAP. Os cenários de produção apresentam diferenças para desempenho zootécnico, fornecimento e exigências de nutrientes para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação. A modelagem é uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada para descrever e comparar as especificidades em cada cenário de produção.(AU)

Chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of cured product prepared with pork fed diets enriched with beta adrenergic and natural antioxidants / Características químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais do produto curado preparado com carne de suínos alimentados com dietas contendo beta adrenérgico e antioxidantes naturais

Background: Through individual properties and synergistic action of its active principles, adding antioxidants (AN) in diet can indirectlyinfluence the meat properties and chemical characteristics, microbiological and sensory of the salami. This work evaluated the chemical, microbiological and sensory product made with meat from finishing pigs fed diets containing ractopamine (RAC) and natural AN.Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred and eight pigs were used in a completely randomized, blocked by sex and distributed in ninetreatments with 0, 10 and 20 ppm of RAC; 0, 250 and 500 ppm of AN and their interactions. The animals were slaughtered in slaughterhouse fridge with federal inspection. After that, for laboratory analysis and preparation of salami, the Longissimus dorsi muscle wasremoved from the right half carcass. Two duplicates of each treatment were separated and vacuum packed for the laboratory analyzes.In the sensory analysis evaluated the acceptability of Milano salami on a seven-point hedonic scale. The moisture percentage of thesalami prepared with meat from animals that received 10 RAC+500 AN in the diet had an average 7.5% higher (P < 0.05) than control,20 ppm for RAC and levels of AN. The ash content in the salami produced from the animals that received 10 RAC+500 AN in the diethad an average 9.5% higher (P < 0.05) than control, 20 RAC+250 AN and 250 AN. The protein content in the salami elaborated withanimal received 10 RAC+250 AN in the diet was 10.2% higher (P < 0.05) than other treatments. The lipid content of the control groupsalami were 16.6% higher (P < 0.05) than other treatments. In the color evaluation of salami prepared with meat from females, the levelof inclusion 10 RAC+250 AN showed better acceptability (P < 0.05) compared to the other treatments. In relation to the characteristicodor, females salami with 500 AN from the treatment showed better acceptability (P < 0.05)...(AU)

Chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of cured product prepared with pork fed diets enriched with beta adrenergic and natural antioxidants / Características químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais do produto curado preparado com carne de suínos alimentados com dietas contendo beta adrenérgico e antioxidantes naturais

Background: Through individual properties and synergistic action of its active principles, adding antioxidants (AN) in diet can indirectlyinfluence the meat properties and chemical characteristics, microbiological and sensory of the salami. This work evaluated the chemical, microbiological and sensory product made with meat from finishing pigs fed diets containing ractopamine (RAC) and natural AN.Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred and eight pigs were used in a completely randomized, blocked by sex and distributed in ninetreatments with 0, 10 and 20 ppm of RAC; 0, 250 and 500 ppm of AN and their interactions. The animals were slaughtered in slaughterhouse fridge with federal inspection. After that, for laboratory analysis and preparation of salami, the Longissimus dorsi muscle wasremoved from the right half carcass. Two duplicates of each treatment were separated and vacuum packed for the laboratory analyzes.In the sensory analysis evaluated the acceptability of Milano salami on a seven-point hedonic scale. The moisture percentage of thesalami prepared with meat from animals that received 10 RAC+500 AN in the diet had an average 7.5% higher (P < 0.05) than control,20 ppm for RAC and levels of AN. The ash content in the salami produced from the animals that received 10 RAC+500 AN in the diethad an average 9.5% higher (P < 0.05) than control, 20 RAC+250 AN and 250 AN. The protein content in the salami elaborated withanimal received 10 RAC+250 AN in the diet was 10.2% higher (P < 0.05) than other treatments. The lipid content of the control groupsalami were 16.6% higher (P < 0.05) than other treatments. In the color evaluation of salami prepared with meat from females, the levelof inclusion 10 RAC+250 AN showed better acceptability (P < 0.05) compared to the other treatments. In relation to the characteristicodor, females’ salami with 500 AN from the treatment showed better acceptability (P < 0.05)...

Metanálise da relação entre espessura de toicinho e variáveis nutricionais de porcas gestantes e lactantes / Meta-analysis of relation among backfat thickness and nutritional variables of gestating and lactating sows

Uma metanálise foi realizada para avaliar a relação entre a espessura de toicinho e as variáveis nutricionais de porcas gestantes e lactantes. A base de dados contemplou 14 artigos publicados de 2000 a 2006 em revistas indexadas. A metanálise foi realizada através de análises gráfica, de correlação e de variância. A correlação entre espessura de toicinho na gestação (ETg) com consumo de alimento na gestação (CAl G) foi de -0,09 (P=0,04), com CAl na lactação (CAl L) baseado na tabela NRC (1998) foi de -0,09 (P=0,06), com CAl na lactação baseado na tabela Rostagno (2000) foi de -0,08 (P=0,06) e com consumo de proteína bruta na lactação (CAl L PB) foi de -0,08 (P=0,06). A correlação entre espessura de toicinho na lactação (ETl) com CAl na gestação foi de 0,29 (P<0,01), com CAl na gestação NRC (1998) foi de 0,20 (P<0,01), com CAl na gestação Rostagno (2000) foi de 0,20 (P<0,01), com CAl na lactação foi de -0,21 (P<0,01), com consumo na lactação NRC (1998) foi de -0,24 (P<0,01) e com consumo na lactação Rostagno (2000) foi de 0,24 (P<0,01). O CAl de PB na gestação foi de 0,20 (P<0,01) e o CAl de PB na lactação foi de -0,26 (P<0,01). A variação da espessura de toicinho durante a lactação é influenciada pelos níveis de proteína e lisina da dieta e pela gordura e proteína no leite. A variação da espessura de toicinho na gestação e na lactação foi semelhante para as tabelas do NRC (1998) e de Rostagno (2000). Há relação significativa entre espessura de toicinho e variáveis nutricionais em porcas gestantes e lactantes.(AU)

A meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between backfat thickness and nutritional variables of sows during gestation and lactation. The database was developed from 14 studies published between 2000 and 2006. The meta-analysis was carried out trough by graphical analysis, correlation and variance. The correlation between backfat thickness at gestation (BTg) and feed intake (FI) at this phase was -0.09 (P=0.04). The correlation between backfat thickness at gestation (BTg) and lactation FI NRC (1998) was -0.09 (P=0.06); BTg and FI at lactation Rostagno (2000) presented a correlation of-0.08 (P=0.06). In the same way the correlation between BTg and crude protein (CP) intake at lactation was -0.08 (P=0.06). The correlation between backfat thickness at lactation (BTl) and FI at gestation was 0.29 (P<0.01). BTl and FI at gestation NRC (1998) presented a correlation of 0.20 (P<0.01). For BTl and gestation feed intake Rostagno (2000) a correlation of 0.20 (P<0.01) was reported. The correlation between BTl and lactation FI was -0.21 (P<0.01), the correlations between BTl and lactation FI NRC (1998) were -0.24 (P<0.01) and lactation FI Rostagno (2000) 0.24 (P<0.01). Correlations of 0.20 (P<0.01) and -0.26 (P<0.01) were observed between BTl and CP intake at gestation and CP intake at lactation respectively. The backfat thickness variation at lactation is influenced by protein and lysine levels in the diet and fat and protein of the milk. Gestation and lactation backfat thickness variation was similar to NRC (1998) and Rostagno (2000). There is a significant relationship between backfat thickness and nutritional variables in pregnant and farrowing sows.(AU)