Energetic Values and Inclusion Levels of the Dry Residue of Cassava in Broiler Diet

The objective of this study was to evaluate the energetic values of dry residue of cassava (DRC) and the effects of its inclusion in broiler diets on performance, intestinal morphometry, protein and fat deposition rate, and carcass and cut yields. In experiment I, two metabolism trials were carried out from 11-21 and from 31-41 days of age. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized design and DRC was included at levels of 10, 20, 30 and 40% in the basal diet. In experiment II, 980 male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven treatments (0; 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12% DRC) and seven replicates. DRC levels did not influence (p>0.05) the energetic values. From days 1-7, weight gain (WG) had a linear adjustment, and the inclusion of up to 6% of DRC from d 1-7, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) had a tendency (p=0.060) with quadratic effect (p=0.001), and the worst FCR was observed with the inclusion of 5.81% of DRC. From d 1-21 of age, the WG decreased linearly, with the increasing of DRC while the FCR increased linearly. Breast yield decreased linearly with increasing levels of DRC inclusion. The addition of the residue reduced the protein deposition rate (PDR) and did not alter the (fat deposition rate) FDR. The metabolizable energy of DRC was 1534 kcal kg-1 (11-21 d), 1746 kcal kg-1 (d 31-42) and can be included up to 6% until d 42 in the broiler`s diet without harming the performance.(AU)

Energetic Values and Inclusion Levels of the Dry Residue of Cassava in Broiler Diet

The objective of this study was to evaluate the energetic values of dry residue of cassava (DRC) and the effects of its inclusion in broiler diets on performance, intestinal morphometry, protein and fat deposition rate, and carcass and cut yields. In experiment I, two metabolism trials were carried out from 11-21 and from 31-41 days of age. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized design and DRC was included at levels of 10, 20, 30 and 40% in the basal diet. In experiment II, 980 male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven treatments (0; 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12% DRC) and seven replicates. DRC levels did not influence (p>0.05) the energetic values. From days 1-7, weight gain (WG) had a linear adjustment, and the inclusion of up to 6% of DRC from d 1-7, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) had a tendency (p=0.060) with quadratic effect (p=0.001), and the worst FCR was observed with the inclusion of 5.81% of DRC. From d 1-21 of age, the WG decreased linearly, with the increasing of DRC while the FCR increased linearly. Breast yield decreased linearly with increasing levels of DRC inclusion. The addition of the residue reduced the protein deposition rate (PDR) and did not alter the (fat deposition rate) FDR. The metabolizable energy of DRC was 1534 kcal kg-1 (11-21 d), 1746 kcal kg-1 (d 31-42) and can be included up to 6% until d 42 in the broiler`s diet without harming the performance.

Digestibilidade de nutrientes em rações de frangos de corte suplementadas com promotores de crescimento / Nutrient digestibility in diets for broilers supplemented with growth promoters

Um experimento foi realizado para avaliar o efeito da utilização de diferentes promotores de crescimento sobre o metabolismo de frangos de corte em crescimento. Foram avaliadas duas dietas, uma atendendo às exigências nutricionais de frangos de corte (normal) e uma dieta reduzida, com 5% a menos da exigência nutricional (reduzida), suplementadas ou não com antibióticos e prebióticos. Foram utilizados 180 pintos de corte criados em galpão convencional, com cama de maravalha, até os 21 dias de idade. Em seguida, foram divididos em 36 gaiolas, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, utilizando método tradicional de coleta de excretas. Houve interação (P<0,05) entre dieta e promotores de crescimento para os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal da matéria seca (CDIMS), da proteína bruta (CDIPB) e do extrato etéreo (CDIEE). A dieta reduzida contendo antibiótico apresentou menor CDIMS. A dieta normal contendo antibiótico apresentou maior CDIPB (P<0,05), enquanto a dieta reduzida contendo prebiótico apresentou melhor CDIPB e CDIEE (P<0,05). Os valores dos coeficientes de digestibilidade total da matéria seca (CDTMS), da proteína bruta (CDTPB) e do extrato etéreo (CDTEE) apresentaram interação (P<0,05) entre dietas e promotores de crescimento, em que a dieta reduzida contendo antibiótico apresentou menor CDTMS e CDTEE. A dieta normal apresentou maiores valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e EMA corrigida para balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) (P<0,05). Concluiu-se que, ao se reduzir a exigência nutricional da ração, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi reduzida, no entanto os óleos essenciais promoveram aumento nos coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal da matéria seca, da proteína bruta e do extrato etéreo.(AU)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of using different growth promoters on the metabolism of growing broilers. We evaluated two diets, one meeting the nutritional requirements of broilers (normal) and another reduced diet with 5% less than the nutritional requirement (reduced), supplemented or not with antibiotics and prebiotics. A total of 180 broiler chicks reared in shed masonry and wood shaving bedding until 21 days of age. The animals were divided into 36 cages and distributed in a completely randomized design, using a traditional method of excreta collection. There was an interaction (P<0.05) between diet and growth promoters for ileal digestibility coefficient of dry matter (IDCDM), crude protein (IDCCP) and ether extract (IDCEE). The reduced diet containing antibiotics had lower IDCDM. The normal diet containing antibiotic had higher IDCCP (P<0.05), whereas the reduced diet containing prebiotic showed better IDCCP and IDCEE (P<0.05). The values of total digestibility coefficient of dry matter (TDCDM), crude protein (TDCCP) and ether extract (TDCEE) showed interaction (P<0.05) between diets and growth promoters, where the reduced diet containing antibiotics had lower TDCDM and TDCEE. A normal diet had higher apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) (P<0.05). It was concluded that when the nutritional requirement of diet was reduced, the nutrients digestibility was also reduced, however essential oils caused an increase in ileal digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract.(AU)

Three new Pimelodus species (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from the rio Tocantins drainage, Brazil

Three new species of Siluriformes from the rio Tocantins drainage of Brazil are placed in the genus Pimelodus, P. stewarti, P. joannis, and P. halisodous. Pimelodus halisodous differs from the sympatric P. joannis and P. stewarti by the number of premaxillary tooth rows (13-16 vs. 5-9). Pimelodus joannis differs from P. stewarti by the presence of two dark blotches on the base of the caudal fin. The three new species differ from all other species of Pimelodus by the possession of a uniform gray coloration along flanks; the relatively short distance between the posterior nostril and the anterior orbital border; a short maxillary barbel, that only slightly surpasses the caudal-fin base.(AU)

Três espécies novas de Siluriformes da bacia do rio Tocantins são alocadas no gênero Pimelodus: P. stewarti, P. joannis e P. halisodous. Pimelodus halisodous difere das espécies simpátricas P. joannis e P. stewarti pelo número de fileiras de dentes do pré-maxilar (13-16 vs. 5-9). Pimelodus joannis difere de P. stewarti pela presença de duas manchas negras na base na nadadeira caudal. As três novas espécies diferem das demais espécies de Pimelodus pela coloração cinza uniforme ao longo dos flancos; curta distância entre a narina posterior e a margem anterior da orbita; e barbilhões maxilares curtos, ultrapassando levemente a base da nadadeira caudal.(AU)