Performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits in sheep finished on diets containing canola (Brassica napus L)

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits in lambs finished on different levels of canola grain in the diet. Twenty-seven Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 19.33 ± 1.39 kg were given different levels of canola grain in the diet: 0, 8, and 16%. Weights and body condition scores were determined at the beginning, every 14 days and at the end of the experimental period. Animals were slaughtered to assess gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits. The statistical design used was completely randomized. The inclusion of canola grain showed a linear effect (0.723) for the width and height of ruminal papillae in the ventral region of the rumen. Intestinal villi and crypts showed a quadratic effect, with peaks of 0.62 µm and 0.43 µm, with the inclusion of 8 and 16%, respectively. When evaluating carcass traits, a decreasing linear effect was found for hot and cold carcass yield with 16% inclusion of canola. Canola grain can be used as an alternative in diets for finishing sheep up to 8% inclusion in the diet without affecting performance, ruminal and intestinal histometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits.(AU)

Performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits in sheep finished on diets containing canola (Brassica napusL. )

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass,and non-carcass traits in lambs finished on different levels of canola grain in thediet. Twenty-seven Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 19.33 ± 1.39 kg were given different levels of canola grain in the diet: 0, 8,and 16%. Weights and body condition scores were determined at the beginning, every 14 days and at the end of the experimental period. Animals were slaughtered to assess gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits. The statistical design used was completely randomized. The inclusion of canola grain showed a linear effect (0.723) for the width and height of ruminal papillae in the ventral region of the rumen. Intestinal villi and crypts showed a quadratic effect, with peaks of 0.62&956;m and 0.43&956;m, with the inclusion of 8 and 16%, respectively. When evaluating carcass traits, a decreasing linear effect was found for hot and cold carcass yield with 16% inclusion of canola. Canola grain can be used as an alternative in diets for finishing sheep up to 8% inclusion in the diet without affecting performance, ruminal and intestinal histometry, carcass,and non-carcass traits.(AU)

Performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits in sheep finished on diets containing canola (Brassica napus L.) / Performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits in sheep finished on diets containing canola (Brassica napus L.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits in lambs finished on different levels of canola grain in the diet. Twenty-seven Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 19.33 ± 1.39 kg were given different levels of canola grain in the diet: 0, 8, and 16%. Weights and body condition scores were determined at the beginning, every 14 days and at the end of the experimental period. Animals were slaughtered to assess gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits. The statistical design used was completely randomized. The inclusion of canola grain showed a linear effect (0.723) for the width and height of ruminal papillae in the ventral region of the rumen. Intestinal villi and crypts showed a quadratic effect, with peaks of 0.62 µm and 0.43 µm, with the inclusion of 8 and 16%, respectively. When evaluating carcass traits, a decreasing linear effect was found for hot and cold carcass yield with 16% inclusion of canola. Canola grain can be used as an alternative in diets for finishing sheep up to 8% inclusion in the diet without affecting performance, ruminal and intestinal histometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits.

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits in lambs finished on different levels of canola grain in the diet. Twenty-seven Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 19.33 ± 1.39 kg were given different levels of canola grain in the diet: 0, 8, and 16%. Weights and body condition scores were determined at the beginning, every 14 days and at the end of the experimental period. Animals were slaughtered to assess gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits. The statistical design used was completely randomized. The inclusion of canola grain showed a linear effect (0.723) for the width and height of ruminal papillae in the ventral region of the rumen. Intestinal villi and crypts showed a quadratic effect, with peaks of 0.62 µm and 0.43 µm, with the inclusion of 8 and 16%, respectively. When evaluating carcass traits, a decreasing linear effect was found for hot and cold carcass yield with 16% inclusion of canola. Canola grain can be used as an alternative in diets for finishing sheep up to 8% inclusion in the diet without affecting performance, ruminal and intestinal histometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits.

Effect of natural feed additives on meat quality and caecotrophic fatty acid profile of New Zealand rabbits / Efeito de aditivos alimentares naturais na qualidade de carne e no perfil de ácidos graxos cecotrófico de coelhos Nova Zelândia

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of commercial probiotic and chitosan as food additives on the quality and meat composition of 36 New Zealand White rabbits (57 ± 8 days old and 1,648 ± 0.194 kg) and on the fatty acid profile of caecotrophs. The treatments were CT (diets without inclusion of additives), PRO (inclusion of 4 g / kg of commercial probiotic) and CHI (inclusion of 4 g / kg of chitosan). The additives increased triglycerides and decreased urea compared to the control group, as well as increased oleic and linoleic acids, Ʃ unsaturated, Ʃ monounsaturated and Ʃ polyunsaturated in caecotrophs. CHI animals showed a decrease in myristic and palmitic acids compared to PRO. CHI decreased the meat's crude protein and the meat's fat. In addition, there was a decrease in omega-3, omega-6 and the relationship unsaturated and saturated fatty acids for the CHI group and an increase in erucic acid and a decrease in the rate of hypocholesterolemic acids. As a conclusion, the data showed that the animals that ingested probiotic had better meat quality, for having better fatty acid profile and hypocholesterolemic index, compared to the treatment with chitosan. The additives improved the caecotrophs fatty acid profile.(AU)

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar os efeitos do probiótico e da quitosana como aditivos alimentares na qualidade e composição da carne de 36 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco (57±8 dias de idade e 1.648±0.194 kg) e no perfil de ácidos graxos dos cecotrofos. Os tratamentos foram CT (dietas sem inclusão de aditivos), PRO (inclusão de 4 g/kg de probiótico) e CHI (inclusão de 4 g/kg de quitosana). Os aditivos aumentaram os triglicerídeos e diminuíram a ureia em comparação ao grupo controle, bem como amentaram os ácidos oleico e linoleico, Ʃ insaturados, Ʃ monoinsaturados e Ʃ poli-insaturados nos cecotrofos. Os animais CHI apresentaram diminuição nos ácidos mirístico e palmítico em comparação ao PRO. A CHI diminuiu a proteína bruta da carne e o extrato etéreo da carne. Além disso, houve uma diminuição no ômega-3, ômega-6 e a relação entre ácidos graxos insaturados e saturados para o grupo CHI e aumento do ácido erúcico e diminuição do índice de hipocolesterolemia. Como conclusão, os dados mostraram que os animais que ingeriram probiótico apresentaram melhor qualidade da carne, por apresentarem melhores perfil de ácidos graxos e índice hipocolesterolêmico, em comparação ao tratamento com quitosana. Os aditivos melhoraram o perfil de ácidos graxos dos cecotrofos.(AU)

Effect of natural feed additives on meat quality and caecotrophic fatty acid profile of New Zealand rabbits / Efeito de aditivos alimentares naturais na qualidade de carne e no perfil de ácidos graxos cecotrófico de coelhos Nova Zelândia

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of commercial probiotic and chitosan as food additives on the quality and meat composition of 36 New Zealand White rabbits (57 ± 8 days old and 1,648 ± 0.194 kg) and on the fatty acid profile of caecotrophs. The treatments were CT (diets without inclusion of additives), PRO (inclusion of 4 g / kg of commercial probiotic) and CHI (inclusion of 4 g / kg of chitosan). The additives increased triglycerides and decreased urea compared to the control group, as well as increased oleic and linoleic acids, Ʃ unsaturated, Ʃ monounsaturated and Ʃ polyunsaturated in caecotrophs. CHI animals showed a decrease in myristic and palmitic acids compared to PRO. CHI decreased the meat's crude protein and the meat's fat. In addition, there was a decrease in omega-3, omega-6 and the relationship unsaturated and saturated fatty acids for the CHI group and an increase in erucic acid and a decrease in the rate of hypocholesterolemic acids. As a conclusion, the data showed that the animals that ingested probiotic had better meat quality, for having better fatty acid profile and hypocholesterolemic index, compared to the treatment with chitosan. The additives improved the caecotrophs fatty acid profile.

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar os efeitos do probiótico e da quitosana como aditivos alimentares na qualidade e composição da carne de 36 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco (57±8 dias de idade e 1.648±0.194 kg) e no perfil de ácidos graxos dos cecotrofos. Os tratamentos foram CT (dietas sem inclusão de aditivos), PRO (inclusão de 4 g/kg de probiótico) e CHI (inclusão de 4 g/kg de quitosana). Os aditivos aumentaram os triglicerídeos e diminuíram a ureia em comparação ao grupo controle, bem como amentaram os ácidos oleico e linoleico, Ʃ insaturados, Ʃ monoinsaturados e Ʃ poli-insaturados nos cecotrofos. Os animais CHI apresentaram diminuição nos ácidos mirístico e palmítico em comparação ao PRO. A CHI diminuiu a proteína bruta da carne e o extrato etéreo da carne. Além disso, houve uma diminuição no ômega-3, ômega-6 e a relação entre ácidos graxos insaturados e saturados para o grupo CHI e aumento do ácido erúcico e diminuição do índice de hipocolesterolemia. Como conclusão, os dados mostraram que os animais que ingeriram probiótico apresentaram melhor qualidade da carne, por apresentarem melhores perfil de ácidos graxos e índice hipocolesterolêmico, em comparação ao tratamento com quitosana. Os aditivos melhoraram o perfil de ácidos graxos dos cecotrofos.

Histopathology from liver of tuvira (Gymnotus spp) parasitized by larvae of nematodes / Histopatologia de fígado de tuvira parasitado por larvas de nematoides

The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological changes in the liver of thirty-five Gymnotus spp. parasitized by endohelminths collected between April 2012 to October 2013 in commercial bait fish farming of Pantanal basin. Histological cuts of 7µm were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for parasites research and liver changes and have also been submitted to the Perls histochemical method for evaluation of hemosiderosis (Fe+++) based on the incidence degree and severity of change (Grade I, II and III) and tests for the presence of central melanomacrophages. Parasites identified were: Brevimulticaecum sp. with a prevalence of 22,9%, Eustrongylides sp 17,1%, Contracaecum type I 68,7%, Contracaecum type II 5,7%, Contracaecum type III 5,7% and larvae of Anisakidae 11,4%. Histological analysis showed intense disorganization of hepatic parenchyma with degenerate hepatocytes due to high parasitic infection, changes that can be deleterious and compromise the organism functioning, being harmful to the health of evaluated animals. Also evidencing normal tissue interleaved with different stages of Fe+++ deposit in grades II and III, injuring or destroing the cell. Histopathological changes in the tuvira's liver suggested a chronic response and the development of a balance relation between tuvira and parasitism by endohelminth identified in this study. There are also a testimony to the health condition of commercial bait fish farming on current ecosystem conditions.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações histológicas do fígado de trinta e cinco Gymnotus spp. parasitados por endohelmintos, coletados entre abril de 2012 a outubro de 2013, em isqueiros da bacia do Pantanal. Cortes histológicos de 7µm foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina para pesquisa de parasitos e de alterações hepáticas; também foram submetidos ao método histoquímico de Perls para avaliação de hemossiderose (Fe+++) com base no grau de incidência e severidade da alteração (Grau I, II e III) e pesquisa da presença de centro de melanomacrófagos. Os parasitos identificados foram: Brevimulticaecum sp., com prevalência de 22,9%, Eustrongylides sp. 17,1%, Contracaecum tipo I 68,7%, Contracaecum tipo II 5,7%, Contracaecum tipo III 5,7% e larvas de Anisakidae 11,4%. A análise histológica revelou intensa desorganização do parênquima hepático, com hepatócitos degenerados devido à alta infecção parasitária. Essas alterações podem ser deletérias e comprometer o funcionamento do organismo, sendo prejudicial à saúde dos animais avaliados; também evidenciou tecido normal intercalado com estágios diferenciados de depósito de Fe+++ nos Graus II e III, podendo lesionar ou destruir a célula. As alterações histopatológicas do fígado das tuviras sugerem uma resposta crônica e o desenvolvimento de uma relação de equilíbrio entre a tuvira e o parasitismo pelos endohelmintos identificados neste estudo. Elas também são um testemunho da condição de saúde dos peixes dos isqueiros nas condições atuais do ecossistema.(AU)

Performance and digestibility in feedlot lambs fed hay based diets / Desempenho e digestibilidade em cordeiros confinados recebendo dietas a base de feno

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of feedlot lambs fed diets formulated with hay of different genotypes of Cynodon spp. and to compare the dry matter digestibility of diets using different evaluation methods (total fecal collection and chromium oxide). Suffolk crossbred neutered male lambs (n=30), with an average age of 90 days and average body weight of 21.5 kg ± 1.6. Diets were formulated using a standard concentrate and hay of the following genotypes of Cynodon dactylon: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, in a 60:40 forage concentrate ratio, composing the treatments distributed in a randomized block design in a factorial 5 x 2 arrangement of 5 diets and 2 digestibility evaluation methods. Animals receiving Vaquero hay showed dry matter intake of 18.3; 16.9; 25.6; 20.7 and 24.2% higher than those fed hay of Jiggs, Tifton 68, Coast Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, respectively. There was no difference between diets for digestibility using total fecal collection, chromium oxide and final weight of animals. Jiggs hay based diets allowed greater daily weight gain and better feed conversion.

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o desempenho de cordeiros em confinamento recebendo dietas formuladas com fenos de diferentes genótipos de Cynodon spp. Ainda, comparar a digestibilidade da matéria seca das dietas usando diferentes métodos de avaliação (coleta total de fezes e óxido crômico). Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros, machos, não castrados, mestiços Suffolk, com média de idade de 90 dias e peso corporal médio de 21,5 kg ± 1,6. As dietas foram formuladas utilizando um concentrado padrão e feno dos seguintes genótipos de Cynodon dactylon: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 e Russel, em uma razão volumoso concentrado de 60:40, constituindo os tratamentos, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, sendo 5 dietas e 2 métodos de avaliação de digestibilidade. Os animais que receberam feno do Vaquero apresentaram ingestão de matéria seca de 18,3; 16,9; 25,6; 20,7 e 24,2% superior aos animais alimentados com feno de Jiggs, Tifton 68, Coast Cross, Tifton 85 e Russel, respectivamente. Não foi verificada diferença entre as dietas para digestibilidade usando coleta total de fezes e óxido de cromo e peso final dos animais. As dietas a base de feno de Jiggs possibilitaram maior ganho de peso diário e melhor conversão alimentar.

Performance and digestibility in feedlot lambs fed hay based diets / Desempenho e digestibilidade em cordeiros confinados recebendo dietas a base de feno

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of feedlot lambs fed diets formulated with hay of different genotypes of Cynodon spp. and to compare the dry matter digestibility of diets using different evaluation methods (total fecal collection and chromium oxide). Suffolk crossbred neutered male lambs (n=30), with an average age of 90 days and average body weight of 21.5 kg ± 1.6. Diets were formulated using a standard concentrate and hay of the following genotypes of Cynodon dactylon: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, in a 60:40 forage concentrate ratio, composing the treatments distributed in a randomized block design in a factorial 5 x 2 arrangement of 5 diets and 2 digestibility evaluation methods. Animals receiving Vaquero hay showed dry matter intake of 18.3; 16.9; 25.6; 20.7 and 24.2% higher than those fed hay of Jiggs, Tifton 68, Coast Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, respectively. There was no difference between diets for digestibility using total fecal collection, chromium oxide and final weight of animals. Jiggs hay based diets allowed greater daily weight gain and better feed conversion.(AU)

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o desempenho de cordeiros em confinamento recebendo dietas formuladas com fenos de diferentes genótipos de Cynodon spp. Ainda, comparar a digestibilidade da matéria seca das dietas usando diferentes métodos de avaliação (coleta total de fezes e óxido crômico). Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros, machos, não castrados, mestiços Suffolk, com média de idade de 90 dias e peso corporal médio de 21,5 kg ± 1,6. As dietas foram formuladas utilizando um concentrado padrão e feno dos seguintes genótipos de Cynodon dactylon: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 e Russel, em uma razão volumoso concentrado de 60:40, constituindo os tratamentos, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, sendo 5 dietas e 2 métodos de avaliação de digestibilidade. Os animais que receberam feno do Vaquero apresentaram ingestão de matéria seca de 18,3; 16,9; 25,6; 20,7 e 24,2% superior aos animais alimentados com feno de Jiggs, Tifton 68, Coast Cross, Tifton 85 e Russel, respectivamente. Não foi verificada diferença entre as dietas para digestibilidade usando coleta total de fezes e óxido de cromo e peso final dos animais. As dietas a base de feno de Jiggs possibilitaram maior ganho de peso diário e melhor conversão alimentar.(AU)

Performance and economic analysis of finished lambs in feedlot / Desempenho e análise econômica da terminação de cordeiros em confinamento

This study aimed to evaluate animal performance and economic performance of feedlot crossbred lambs (½ Santa Inês+ ½ Suffolk) fed different diets based on hay from Cynodon dactylon genotypes, through the use of financial measures considering only the period of confinement, without relating it to the complete management cycle. A total of 30 intact crossbred Suffolk lambs, identified with earrings, with an average age of 90 days and an average body weight of 21.5 kg were used in this study. Diets were formulated using as treatments a standard concentrate and hay of the Cynodon dactylon genotypes Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell in a 60:40 forage-to-concentrate ratio. The treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. There were significant differences between diets in terms of total expenditure on food, and the highest values were obtained for the Jiggs genotype (BRL 48.96/animal). The animals fed diets based on Tifton 68 hay had a higher rate of return (2.16%) and profitability (34.63%) compared to the other diets. The use of diets based on Tifton 68 hay for feedlot lambs in the finishing phase brings higher economic returns compared to the remaining diets.(AU) 

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho zootécnico e econômico de cordeiros mestiços (½ Santa Inês + ½ Sulfolk), em confinamento, recebendo diferentes dietas a base de feno de genótipos de Cynodon dactylon, através do uso de indicadores financeiros considerando o período de confinamento, sem relacioná-lo com o manejo de ciclo completo. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros, machos, não castrados, mestiços Suffolk, identificados com brinco na orelha, com média de idade de 90 dias e peso corporal médio de 21,5 kg. As dietas foram formuladas utilizando um concentrado padrão e feno dos seguintes genótipos de Cynodon dactylon: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 e Russel, em uma relação volumoso concentrado de 60:40, constituindo os tratamentos, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados com 5 repetições. Houve diferença significativa entre as dietas para as despesas totais com a alimentação, sendo os maiores valores para o Jiggs (BRL 48,96/animal). Os animais que receberam dietas a base de feno de Tifton 68 apresentaram maior taxa de retorno (2,16%) e lucratividade (34,63%) em relação às demais dietas. A utilização de dietas a base de feno de Tifton 68 para cordeiros em fase terminação, em confinamento, permite obter maior rentabilidade econômica em relação às demais dietas.(AU)

Characteristics of carcasses and meat from feedlot lambs fed with sunflower cake / Características da carcaça e da carne de cordeiros confinados alimentados com torta de girassol

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the characteristics of the carcasses and meat of feedlot lambs that received diets supplemented with sunflower cake; correlations among the variables were also performed. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four treatments (sunflower cake added at 0, 10, 20, and 30% dry matter to the base diet) and seven replications per treatment. The diets were formulated with genotypes of Cynodon hay and corn- and soybean meal-based concentrate that were premixed at the ratio of 50:50 (hay:concentrate) and were fed to the lambs in two portions daily at 08:00 and 14:00. The feed conversion of the animals was adversely affected (P<0.05) by the increase in the feedlot period in the individual stalls. For each additional day of confinement, the feed conversion increased by 0.0096 kg DM/kg of weight gain. Based on the linear regression model for the average loin pH, one hour after slaughter, the pH was reduced by 0.04 units. The marginal change in pH between the longest and the shortest times after slaughter was 14.11%. The weights of the animals at slaughter were not significantly correlated with the carcass yields. Sunflower cake is a suitable dietary supplement for lambs in intensive production systems and can be a substitute for soybean meal at up to 20%.(AU)

Objetivou-se por meio deste experimento avaliar o desempenho e características da carcaça e da carne de cordeiros confinados recebendo torta de girassol na dieta, bem como suas correlações. O delineamento empregado foi bloco ao acaso com quatro tratamentos (0, 10, 20, 30% de inclusão de torta de girassol na, na ração base na matéria seca) com sete repetições. As rações foram formulados com fenos de genótipos de Cynodon e concentrado a base de Milho, farelo de soja e premix na relação de 50:50 (Feno: Concentrado),fornecidas em duas porções diária às 8:00 e 14:00 horas. O incremento no tempo de confinamento, baias individuais, afetou negativamente (P < 0,05) a conversão alimentar dos animais. Verificou-se que para cada dia aumentado no confinamento, houve adição de 0,0096 kg de MS/ kg de peso ganho na conversão alimentar. Verificou-se que as médias do pH do lombo ajustaram-se ao modelo linear de regressão, sendo observado que à medida que aumentou uma hora após abate, houve redução de 0,04 unidades no pH. A variação marginal do pH entre o maior e menor tempo após abate foi de 14,11%. O peso dos animais ao abate não apresentou correlação significativa com os rendimentos na carcaça. A utilização da torta de girassol pode ser utilizada em suplementos para cordeiros em sistemas intensivos de produção, em substituição parcial ao farelo de soja em até 20%.(AU)