Leiomyosarcoma in a cockatiel / Leiomiossarcoma em calopsita

Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) are exotic birds thatoriginated from Australia.Because of their beauty and learning ability, they are one of the most popular pet birds among the Psittaciformes. The objective of this study was to report a case of leiomyosarcoma on the humeral musculature of the left wing of a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus). The animal was admitted to the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center (NURFS-CETAS) of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas withswelling in the humeral region of the left wing. During surgery, the animal died and was transferred to the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária (LRD-UFPel). During histopathological evaluation (hematoxylin and eosin routine technique) of the tumor, spindle neoplastic cells were observed, arranged in interlaced bundles amongst degenerate and normal muscle fibers. Using immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells were positively immunostained for vimentin and alpha smooth muscle actin. Based on of clinical-pathological and immunohistochemical findings, leiomyosarcoma was diagnosed.(AU)

As calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus) são aves exóticas originárias da Austrália. Devido a beleza e capacidade de aprendizado são uma das principais aves utilizadas como animal de companhia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de leiomiossarcoma, na musculatura umeral da asa esquerda de uma calopsita. O animal deu entrada no Núcleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre (NURFS-CETAS) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), por apresentar aumento de volume na região umeral da asa esquerda. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico o animal veio a óbito, sendo encaminhado ao Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária (LRD-UFPel). Na avaliação histopatológica (Técnica de rotina Hematoxilina e Eosina) da massa tumoral foram observadas células neoplásicas fusiformes, arranjadas em feixes entrelaçados, em meio a fibras musculares degeneradas e normais. Na imunohistoquímica verificou-se imunomarcação positiva das células neoplásicas para vimentina e alfa actina, de músculo liso. Diante dos achados clínico-patológicos e imunohistoquímicos determinou-se o diagnóstico de leiomiossarcoma. O diagnóstico definitivo deste neoplasma requer analise imunohistoquímica.(AU)

Analisis of clinico-pathological data, therapeutical conduct and overall survival of canine mammary lesions attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG)

The aim of this study was to present clinico-pathological data, therapeutical conduct and overall survival of canine mammary lesions attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.[...]

Analisis of clinico-pathological data, therapeutical conduct and overall survival of canine mammary lesions attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG)

The aim of this study was to present clinico-pathological data, therapeutical conduct and overall survival of canine mammary lesions attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.[...](AU)

Adenocarcinoma papilar de seio nasal em cão: abordagem histomorfológica, imunofenotípica e terapêutica / Papillary Adenocarcinoma of Nasal Sinus in a Dog: Approach Histomorphologic, Immunophenotypic, and Therapeutic

Background: Sinus adenocarcinomas of papillary pattern are neoplasms rarely described in dogs and most cases are characterized by slow growth, local invasion and rare cases of metastasis. Their characteristics are presence of glandular structures that may have papillary pattern, tubulo-papillary, acinar and mixed pattern. Approximately 80% of primary nasal tumors are malignant and adenocarcinomas are the most frequently histology type. This paper reports a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of nasal sinus in the dog, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to aiding for appropriate therapy. Case: A 14-year-old male Poodle dog, presenting seropurulent nasal discharge, frequent sneezing and an enlargement in the nasal region, was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor. Macroscopically, was observed fragment coated with soft hairy skin and shear blackish color, and some fragments associated with more firm tissues like cartilage and bone tissue. Tumor specimens were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffin. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE. For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. CKAE1/AE3, CK34ßE12, SMA, E-cadherin, Cox-2, Ki-67 and Her-2 expression were evaluated. For CK AE1AE3 antibody a qualitative method was used and neoplasia were classified as negative (-) or positive (+) and for CK34ßE12 was used semiquantitative evaluation and neoplasms were classified as negative (-), positive with focal staining (+) and positive with diffuse staining (++). The graduation for HER-2 expression was (+) for 4 (++++), were 4 (++++) was the most intensity membrane staining. For Cox-2 the system used was semiquantitative and the distribution was scored by estimating the percentage of tumor cells staining. Intensity was estimated on a scale from 0 (absent) to 12 (strong). The proliferative index was calculated by counting nuclei positive for Ki-67 (anti-MIB-1) in a total of 1000 neoplastic cells. Microscopically, was observed a proliferation of epithelial cells in papillary arrangement with delicate connective axis of support and areas of stromal invasion, and the tumor received the diagnosis of papillary adenocarcinoma of nasal sinus. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong staining for Cox-2 (score 12), CKAE1/AE3 positivity and CK34ßE12 (+ + +) and negative for Her-2 (+). Loss of E-cadherin expression was observed and SMA allowed the visualization of areas of basal membrane rupture. The rate of proliferation was evaluated by means of the expression of MIB-1 was high (16%). Chemotherapy was performed with carboplatin and gemcitabine. Discussion: Sinus carcinomas in general, despite their slow growth, are locally invasive and cause extensive destruction of adjacent tissues. In this case, the immunohistochemical analysis presented positive expression of CK AE1/AE3 and CK34ßE12, indicating epithelial histogenesis with basal phenotype. Strong intensity of COX-2 expression was observed, indicating a poor prognostic for the patient. The loss of expression of E-caderin, areas of invasive tumors and high rate of cell proliferation, demonstrated the aggressive character of papillary adenocarcinoma nasal sinus. Surgery with chemotherapy- associated was effective and tolerant treatment. Diagnosis was based on histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Correct characterization of this neoplasm associated with the appropriate therapy aided in prognosis and in the improvement of the animal's quality of life. The patient's overall survival has been evaluated since the surgical procedure up to this date and is over 18 months.

Diagnóstico diferencial de tumor estromal gastrointestinal canino / Differential diagnosis of canine gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Background: Stromal Grastrointestinal Tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that affect the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histologically this tumor shows a spindle, epithelioid or mixed aspect and routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining does not allow adequate differentiation from other mesenquimal neoplasms. Histochemical and imunohistochemical techniques are useful tools in this differentiation. The aim of this study was to report a case of canine GIST, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to differentiate it from other histomorfologically similar mesenchymal neoplasms. Case: A ten-year-old male Pinscher dog was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor in the pyloric region of stomach. The dog was euthanized 90 days after surgery. Tumor specimens were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffin. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE and Gomori's Tricrome (GT). For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identified using Advance HRP. Cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, c-KIT, vimentin, Ki-67, S-100 and Smooth Muscle Alfa Actin (SMA) expression were evaluated. For vimentin, CKAE1AE3, SMA, S100 and c-KIT antibodies, a semiquantitative method was used and neoplasms were classified as negative (-), positive with focal or multifocal staining (+) and positive with diffuse staining (++). The proliferative index was calculated by counting nuclei positive for Ki-67 (anti-MIB-1) in a total of 1000 neoplastic cells. Macroscopically, the stomach fragment revealed an intramural nodule covered by mucosa and with a slightly lobulated surface. Microscopically, the neoplastic mass was located in the submucous layer of stomach and composed by a spindle cell proliferation forming intersecting fascicles. Neoplastic cells revealed vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm and multiple conspicuous nucleoli. Absence of chromatic affinity for GT was observed in this tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense and diffuse cytoplasmic staining for vimentin (++), moderate and diffuse staining for c-KIT (++), moderate and multifocal staining for S-100 (+) and negative staining (-) for SMA and CK AE1/AE3. The proliferation index was 6.8%. Discussion: GISTs are mesenquimal neoplasms that affect the GIT. The spindle aspect of this tumor is similar to other mesenquimal tumors of the GIT. A mesenquimal appearance associated with epithelioid areas was observed in this case report. Mesenquimal histogenesis was confirmed by positivity for vimentin and negativity for cytokeratin. GT evaluation revealed absence of muscular and collagenous components within the neoplasm, discarding the diagnosis of leiomiosarcoma or fibrosarcoma. The absence of smooth muscle tumor cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical negativity for SMA. In addition, multifocal and diffuse cytoplasmic imunostaining was observed for S-100 and c-KIT, respectively. According the literature, human and canine GISTs are positive for c-KIT and negative for S-100. The S-100 expression described in this study, has been reported in humans GISTs and is probably associated with neural differentiation. Therefore, histomorfological and immunohistochemical findings allowed a definitive diagnosis of canine GIST, differentiating the tumour from other mesenchymal neoplasms of the GIT.

Histopathological and Immunophenotypical Analysis of Canine Mucinous Rectal Adenocarcinoma

Rectal adenocarcinomas are uncommon in dogs and usually present poor prognosis. The present work describes the morphological and immunophenotypical findings of a rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma in a bitch. Histological analysis revealed a malignant epithelial proliferation in a tubulopapillary pattern forming multiple intratubular cell layers. Moderate amount of PAS-positive amorphous eosinophilic content within neoplastic tubules and extruded into the stroma was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed neoplastic cells considered positive for cytokeratin, Her-2, COX-2 and E-caderin and with low p53 expression. A high proliferation index was observed. Based on histological and immunophenotypical findings, the diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma was established.(AU)

Tumor misto de glândula sudorípara canina / Canine sweat gland mixed tumor

Background: Sweat gland mixed tumors (SGMT) are considered a rare neoplasm in dogs. This tumor present clinically as nodules large, well defined and looks similar to other skin tumors. The diagnosis of cancer is based on aspiration cytology and histopathology. Due to the rarity of the tumor, absence of appropriate criteria for analysis and divergence in the diagnosis, identification and characterization of the SGMT can be considered a challenge for veterinary medicine. Thus, it becomes necessary to adopt standardized criteria for the diagnosis and understanding of the biological behavior of these tumors. This paper aims to describe the characteristics of a histomorphological and immunophenotypic SGMT canine. Case: Microscopic examination showed a measuring 6,8x11,0x6,4cm surface, with subcutaneous mass with fi rm consistency, solid look and ulcerated. Presented to the court rangência containing well-defined multilobulated mass of soft consistency, solid look, color usually brownish with whitish spots. In some lobes the content presented was friable. On microscopic examination showed proliferation of epithelial cells forming glands or clefts lined by cubical epithelium and mesenchymal component characterized by a proliferation of spindle cells, which sometimes had starring appearance. In addition, there was also formation of cartilage and bone necrosis and mixed infl ammatory infi ltrate discreet. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense and diffuse cytoplasmic staining (++) for CK AE1/AE3 antibody in ductal epithelial cells, reactivity for p63 in myoepithelial cells and periductal myoepithelial cells of weak in myxoid matrix. The cell proliferation rate was low. Histopathology demonstrated a tumor mass composed by an epithelial component with glandular formation lined by cuboidal epithelium and a mesenchymal component characterized by a spindle cell proliferation. Cells with a stellate appearance, cartilage and bone formation, necrosis and mild mixed inflammatorry infiltrate were also observed. Discussion: The SGMT is a rare neoplasm in dogs. These tumors usually present myoepithelial proliferation with formation of chondroid metaplasia, and in some cases, osteoid. Usually, a set of molecular changes at different levels of cell regulation is responsible for the formation of tumors. Cancers of the skin appendages comprise a broad spectrum of benign and malignant tumors that exhibit morphological differentiation. Studies using immunohistochemical markers for components of the cytoskeleton are extremely useful in the diagnosis of these neoplasms. In evaluating the expression of cytokeratin AE1/AE3 positivity was observed cytoplasmic components of ductal epithelial apocrine glands. The expression of p63 for myoepithelial cells in the periductal areas was observed in this study demonstrating preservation of the basal layer, thus confi rming the benign nature of the neoplasm. Furthermore, immunostaining for the protein helped disclosure of myoepithelial cells forming the myxoid matrix. The evaluation of proliferative activity of SGMT for Ki67 proved to be weak. Low proliferative index are related to well-differentiated cancer cells and better prognosis in these cases. Before we confi rmed the histomorphological diagnosis of mixed tumor of sweat gland. Immunohistochemical markers such as CK AE1/AE3, p63 and Ki67 may aid in the diagnosis of cancer, helping in understanding the biological behavior of this tumor.(AU)

Tumor misto de glândula sudorípara canina / Canine sweat gland mixed tumor

Background: Sweat gland mixed tumors (SGMT) are considered a rare neoplasm in dogs. This tumor present clinically as nodules large, well defined and looks similar to other skin tumors. The diagnosis of cancer is based on aspiration cytology and histopathology. Due to the rarity of the tumor, absence of appropriate criteria for analysis and divergence in the diagnosis, identification and characterization of the SGMT can be considered a challenge for veterinary medicine. Thus, it becomes necessary to adopt standardized criteria for the diagnosis and understanding of the biological behavior of these tumors. This paper aims to describe the characteristics of a histomorphological and immunophenotypic SGMT canine. Case: Microscopic examination showed a measuring 6,8x11,0x6,4cm surface, with subcutaneous mass with fi rm consistency, solid look and ulcerated. Presented to the court rangência containing well-defined multilobulated mass of soft consistency, solid look, color usually brownish with whitish spots. In some lobes the content presented was friable. On microscopic examination showed proliferation of epithelial cells forming glands or clefts lined by cubical epithelium and mesenchymal component characterized by a proliferation of spindle cells, which sometimes had starring appearance. In addition, there was also formation of cartilage and bone necrosis and mixed infl ammatory infi ltrate discreet. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense and diffuse cytoplasmic staining (++) for CK AE1/AE3 antibody in ductal epithelial cells, reactivity for p63 in myoepithelial cells and periductal myoepithelial cells of weak in myxoid matrix. The cell proliferation rate was low. Histopathology demonstrated a tumor mass composed by an epithelial component with glandular formation lined by cuboidal epithelium and a mesenchymal component characterized by a spindle cell proliferation. Cells with a stellate appearance, cartilage and bone formation, necrosis and mild mixed inflammatorry infiltrate were also observed. Discussion: The SGMT is a rare neoplasm in dogs. These tumors usually present myoepithelial proliferation with formation of chondroid metaplasia, and in some cases, osteoid. Usually, a set of molecular changes at different levels of cell regulation is responsible for the formation of tumors. Cancers of the skin appendages comprise a broad spectrum of benign and malignant tumors that exhibit morphological differentiation. Studies using immunohistochemical markers for components of the cytoskeleton are extremely useful in the diagnosis of these neoplasms. In evaluating the expression of cytokeratin AE1/AE3 positivity was observed cytoplasmic components of ductal epithelial apocrine glands. The expression of p63 for myoepithelial cells in the periductal areas was observed in this study demonstrating preservation of the basal layer, thus confi rming the benign nature of the neoplasm. Furthermore, immunostaining for the protein helped disclosure of myoepithelial cells forming the myxoid matrix. The evaluation of proliferative activity of SGMT for Ki67 proved to be weak. Low proliferative index are related to well-differentiated cancer cells and better prognosis in these cases. Before we confi rmed the histomorphological diagnosis of mixed tumor of sweat gland. Immunohistochemical markers such as CK AE1/AE3, p63 and Ki67 may aid in the diagnosis of cancer, helping in understanding the biological behavior of this tumor.

Sistematização dos territórios nervosos do plexo braquial em chinchila (Chinchilla lanigera) / The nervous territories of the brachial plexus in Chinchilla lanigera

Para a realização do estudo referente ao plexo braquial (PB) e territórios nervosos do membro torácico de chinchila (Chinchilla lanigera) foram utilizados 10 animais de sete a 11 meses de idade. Tendo a pele sido retirada, procedeu-se a identificação da musculatura do membro torácico, região peitoral e parede torácica e abdominal. Subseqüentemente, foram aplicadas compressas de solução de ácido acético glacial 3% nas referidas regiões, com o intuito de melhorar a visualização dos nervos. Nos animais analisados notou-se a emergência do PB a partir do sexto nervo cervical até o primeiro torácico. Destas quatro raízes se formam os troncos dos nervos cujos ramos ventrais constituirão seu arranjo e distribuição territorial. Destes quatro troncos surgem os 12 nervos que constituem o PB, estes podem ser formados por apenas um segmento medular: unissegmentar (supraescapular, peitoral cranial e toracodorsal) ou por mais de dois segmentos: plurissegmentar (subescapular, axilar, músculo-cutâneo, torácico lateral, peitoral caudal, torácico longo, mediano, ulnar e radial). Com isso se observou constância na origem, inervação da musculatura, articulações e ossos do membro torácico, podendo-se afirmar a existência de um padrão claramente definido na delimitação dos territórios nervosos.(AU)

For the study concerning the Brachial Plexus (BP) and nervous territories of chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) 10 animals were used. After the removal of the skin, the indetification of the thoracic limb, pectoral area and thoracic and abdominal walls was made. Then, compresses of glacial acetic acid at 3% were applied to these areas, in order to improve the observation of the nerves. In the studied animals, the emergence of the BP was observed to be from the sixth cervical nerve to the first thoracic nerve. These four roots make the trunks of the nerves whose ventral branches constitute their arrange and territorial distribution. From these four trunks arise the 12 nerves that constitute the BP. These nerves may be formed by a single medullary segment - monosegmentar (suprascapular, cranial pectoral, thoracodorsal), or by two ou more segments, plurisegmentar (subscapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, lateral thoracic, caudal pectoral, long thoracic, median, ulnar and radial). Therefore, constancy in origin, muscle, joint and bone innervation was observed, and can confirm the existence of a clearly defined pattern of the delimitation of nervous territories.(AU)

CEA como marcador tumoral em cadela portadora de carcinossarcoma mamário avançado / CEA as a tumor marker in a female dog with advanced mammary carcinosarcoma

O carcinossarcoma é um tumor maligno, pouco frequente em cães, composto por células do tecido epitelial e mesenquimal. Constatar alterações bioquímicas, hematológicas e determinar um possívelmarcador tumoral circulante (MTC) seria de extrema importância para avaliar a resposta do organismofrente ao tumor e ao tratamento. Marcadores tumorais permitem conhecer a presença, evoluçãoou resposta terapêutica de um tumor maligno. Neste trabalho, relata-se o caso de uma cadela da raça poodle de 12 anos de idade que apresentava carcinossarcoma na mama torácica com metástase para linfonodos e pulmão, sendo submetida à mastectomia radical. Como proposta de identifi car marcadores tumorais confi áveis para acompanhar a evolução da doença, realizou-se testes laboratoriais dehemograma completo, LDH (desidrogenase láctica), fosfatase alcalina, cálcio, fósforo e CEA (AntígenoCarcinoembrionário MTC). Foi possível evidenciar uma elevada concentração sorológica de CEAem coleta realizada no pré- cirúrgico, sugerindo sua utilização como possível marcador tumoral paraauxiliar no diagnóstico do câncer de mama avançado em cadelas(AU)

The carcinosarcoma is a malignant tumor, uncommon in dogs, composed of cells of mesenchymaland epithelial tissue. Search for biochemical and hematological changes, and determine a possibletumor marker (TM) would be extremely important to assess the bodys response against the tumorand treatment. Tumor markers allow us to know the presence, progression or therapeutic response ofa malignant tumor. Here we report a case of a female dog, poodle 12 year-old that had mammary carcinosarcomawith metastasis to thoracic lymph nodes and lungs, and underwent radical mastectomy.As a proposal to identify reliable tumor markers for monitoring disease progression, we carried outlaboratory tests hemogram, LDH (lactic dehydrogenase), alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorusand CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen -TM). The results showed a high concentration of CEA in serologicalsamples were collected pre-surgery, suggesting its possible use as a tumor marker for thediagnosis of advanced mammary cancer in female dog(AU)

CEA como marcador tumoral em cadela portadora de carcinossarcoma mamário avançado / CEA as a tumor marker in a female dog with advanced mammary carcinosarcoma

O carcinossarcoma é um tumor maligno, pouco frequente em cães, composto por células do tecido epitelial e mesenquimal. Constatar alterações bioquímicas, hematológicas e determinar um possívelmarcador tumoral circulante (MTC) seria de extrema importância para avaliar a resposta do organismofrente ao tumor e ao tratamento. Marcadores tumorais permitem conhecer a presença, evoluçãoou resposta terapêutica de um tumor maligno. Neste trabalho, relata-se o caso de uma cadela da raça poodle de 12 anos de idade que apresentava carcinossarcoma na mama torácica com metástase para linfonodos e pulmão, sendo submetida à mastectomia radical. Como proposta de identifi car marcadores tumorais confi áveis para acompanhar a evolução da doença, realizou-se testes laboratoriais dehemograma completo, LDH (desidrogenase láctica), fosfatase alcalina, cálcio, fósforo e CEA (AntígenoCarcinoembrionário – MTC). Foi possível evidenciar uma elevada concentração sorológica de CEAem coleta realizada no pré- cirúrgico, sugerindo sua utilização como possível marcador tumoral paraauxiliar no diagnóstico do câncer de mama avançado em cadelas

The carcinosarcoma is a malignant tumor, uncommon in dogs, composed of cells of mesenchymaland epithelial tissue. Search for biochemical and hematological changes, and determine a possibletumor marker (TM) would be extremely important to assess the body’s response against the tumorand treatment. Tumor markers allow us to know the presence, progression or therapeutic response ofa malignant tumor. Here we report a case of a female dog, poodle 12 year-old that had mammary carcinosarcomawith metastasis to thoracic lymph nodes and lungs, and underwent radical mastectomy.As a proposal to identify reliable tumor markers for monitoring disease progression, we carried outlaboratory tests hemogram, LDH (lactic dehydrogenase), alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorusand CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen -TM). The results showed a high concentration of CEA in serologicalsamples were collected pre-surgery, suggesting its possible use as a tumor marker for thediagnosis of advanced mammary cancer in female dog