Anatomopathologic Study of Kidneys parasitized by Dioctophyme renale in Dogs

Background: Dioctophymiasis is a disease caused by the nematode Dioctophyme renale and is a relatively common condition in dogs. The parasite affects the kidney, especially the right, enters the kidney capsule and causes destruction and atrophy of the parenchyma. The lesion severity depends on the amount of parasites affecting the kidney, the duration of the infection, number of kidneys involved and concurrent occurrence of kidney disease. The diseases clinical presentation may be asymptomatic or with nonspecific clinical signs. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound examination and the detection of eggs in urine, however, diagnosis is often reached only through necropsy or histopathology. This study aimed to analyze the dog kidney anatomical and pathological changes when parasitized by Dioctophyme renale.Materials, Methods & Results: The kidneys of 21 dogs diagnosed with dioctophymiasis were nephrectomized, analyzed by ultrasound and forwarded to macro and microscopic analysis. Macroscopically, the kidney size was measured as well as its renal capsule thicknes. The presences of dilatation of the renal pelvis and ureter, as well as changes of the capsule, were also observed. These fragments were collected and submitted for routine analysis and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histopathological examination was performed blindly by three evaluators. The intensity of fibrosi

A case of a male pseudo-hermaphrodite in a swine / Um caso de pseudo-hermafrodita masculino em um suíno

The terms hermaphrodite and intersex are used to refer to animals with ambiguous sexual traits. The diagnostic of pseudo-hermaphrodites must be based on survey of the gonads and in the phenotypic aspect of the reproductive trait. The male pseudo-hermaphrodites have only testicle. This report describes a case of a male pseudo-hermaphrodite in a pig, whose reproductive organs were collected in a slaughterhouse. The pig was 150 days old, weighed nearly 100 kg, and showed external genitalia compatible with a female. The organs were evaluated grossly and microscopically. Grossly, the vulva showed abnormal morphology, but the vagina and the uterus (cervix, body, and horns) showed normal topographic anatomy. The gonads were morphologically compatible with testes with epididymis and pampiniform plexuses present. Histological examination of the gonads confirmed the identification of testes showing degenerative changes. Based on the gross and microscopic findings, the animal was diagnosed as a male pseudo-hermaphrodite. Keywords: Pseudo-hermaphrodite, pig, reproductive system.

Os termos pseudo-hermafrodita e intersexo são utilizados para se referir a animais com traços sexuais ambíguos. O diagnostico de pseudo-hermafrodita é baseado nos vestígios de gônadas e aspecto fenotípico do trato reprodutivo. Os pseudo-hermafroditas masculinos são aqueles que possuem somente testículo. Este trabalho relata um caso de pseudo-hermafrodita masculino em um suíno, cujo aparelho reprodutor foi colhido na linha de abate de um frigorífico. O animal, com idade de 150 dias e peso aproximado de 100 kg, possuía órgãos genitais exteriores femininos. O material coletado foi analisado macro e microscopicamente. Na análise macroscópica, verificou-se a presença de uma vulva anormal, ainda que a vagina e o útero (cérvix, corpo e cornos) apresentassem anatomia topográfica normal. As gônadas eram morfologicamente compatíveis com testículos, havendo também a presença dos epidídimos e do plexo pampiniforme. No exame histopatológico, confirmou-se que as gônadas apresentavam morfologia compatível com a de testículos, apresentando alterações degenerativas. Com base nos achados macroscópicos e microscópicos, concluiu-se que o animal era um pseudo-hermafrodita masculino. Palavras-Chave: Pseudo-hermafrodita, sistema reprodutor, suíno.

Comparação entre os sistemas histomorfológico e de graduação histológica para classificação prognóstica de tumores mamários em cadelas

Este consiste da avaliação comparativa de dois métodos comumente empregados para a classificação de tumores de mama. Compara-se o sistema de classificação histológico-descritivo da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OSM) e o método de graduação histológica proposto por Elston & Ellis (1991). Carcinomas simples e complexos foram incluídos neste estudo. Todos os carcinomas complexos foram definidos como de grau I (75%; 24/32) ou II (25%; 8/32). Os carcinomas simples foram graduados em I (36,4%; 20/55), II (32,7%; 18/55) e III (30,9%; 17/55). Os subtipos também foram avaliados e os carcinomas tubulopapilares distribuíram-se nos graus I (54,1%; 20/37), II (37,8%; 14/32) e III (8,1%; 3/37). Os carcinomas sólidos foram graduados em grau II (33,3%; 3/9) e III (66,7%; 6/9). Nos carcinomas anaplásicos foram encontrados os graus II (11,1%; 1/9) e III (88,9%; 8/9). Conclui-se que o método de graduação de Elston & Ellis foi mais preciso para determinar o comportamento biológico do que o sistema histológico-descritivo.

Observações clínicas e bioquímicas em ovinos e bovinos intoxicados experimentalmente por Myoporum laetum

Myoporum laetum  (transparente) é planta hepatotóxica contendo óleos essenciais furanosesquiterpenóides (FSTs), dentre os quais cita-se o ngaione. A intoxicação causa marcada elevação dos níveis séricos de AST, GGT e bilirrubina total. Doses únicas de 20 e 30g/kg de Myoporum laetum foram administradas a sete ovinos e 6 bovinos. Amostras de sangue e biopsias hepáticas foram obtidas destes animais e de 4 ovinos e 3 bovinos controles, antes e 1, 3 e 7 dias após a administração da planta. A partir das amostras de sangue analisaram-se os níveis séricos de GGT, AST e bilirrubina total. As biopsias foram processadas e coradas conforme rotina para histologia. Nos ovinos, os níveis enzimáticos de AST, GGT e bilirrubina total elevaram-se 24 horas após a administração da planta, praticamente em todos os animais experimentais, mas não nos controles. Os principais achados histológicos, em ovinos, incluíram vacuolização de hepatócitos, fibrose portal, proliferação de ductos biliares e necrose de hepatócitos periportais. Em bovinos, tanto as alterações na bioquímica sérica como os achados histológicos foram menos evidentes. Os achados referentes à evolução da doença, avaliando-se os sinais clínicos, atividade enzimática e alterações histopatológicas foram compatíveis.

Observações clínicas e bioquímicas em ovinos e bovinos intoxicados experimentalmente por Myoporum laetum

Myoporum laetum  (transparente) é planta hepatotóxica contendo óleos essenciais furanosesquiterpenóides (FSTs), dentre os quais cita-se o ngaione. A intoxicação causa marcada elevação dos níveis séricos de AST, GGT e bilirrubina total. Doses únicas de 20 e 30g/kg de Myoporum laetum foram administradas a sete ovinos e 6 bovinos. Amostras de sangue e biopsias hepáticas foram obtidas destes animais e de 4 ovinos e 3 bovinos controles, antes e 1, 3 e 7 dias após a administração da planta. A partir das amostras de sangue analisaram-se os níveis séricos de GGT, AST e bilirrubina total. As biopsias foram processadas e coradas conforme rotina para histologia. Nos ovinos, os níveis enzimáticos de AST, GGT e bilirrubina total elevaram-se 24 horas após a administração da planta, praticamente em todos os animais experimentais, mas não nos controles. Os principais achados histológicos, em ovinos, incluíram vacuolização de hepatócitos, fibrose portal, proliferação de ductos biliares e necrose de hepatócitos periportais. Em bovinos, tanto as alterações na bioquímica sérica como os achados histológicos foram menos evidentes. Os achados referentes à evolução da doença, avaliando-se os sinais clínicos, atividade enzimática e alterações histopatológicas foram compatíveis.

Evolução das lesões histológicas e ultra-estruturais no fígado de ovinos e bovinos experimentalmente intoxicados por Myoporum laetum / Histological and ultrastructural evolution of liver lesions in experimental Myoporum laetum poisoning of sheep and cattle

Amostras de Myoporum laetum foram colhidas durante a primavera e verão e administradas a cinco ovinos e seis bovinos em doses únicas de 20 e 30 g/kg. Biópsias hepáticas foram colhidas antes (controles) e 1, 3 e 7 dias após a dosagem da planta. Estas biópsias foram analisadas histológica e ultra-estruturalmente. Os sinais clínicos, em ovinos, caracterizaram-se, especialmente, por depressão, diminuição dos movimentos ruminais, fezes ressequidas, tenesmo, ranger de dentes, dispnéia e lesões típicas de fotossensibilização. Em bovinos, o quadro clínico foi discreto. Os principais achados histológicos, em ovinos, incluíram vacuolização de hepatócitos, fibrose portal, proliferação de ductos biliares e necrose de hepatócitos periportais. Os estudos ultra-estruturais, em ovinos, revelaram hiperplasia do retículo endoplasmático liso, tumefação de hepatócitos, degranulação e vesiculação do retículo endoplasmático rugoso, presença de cristais aciculares, retenção biliar, tumefação de mitocôndrias e várias outras alterações degenerativas. Em bovinos, tanto os achados histológicos, quanto os ultra-estruturais foram menos evidentes (AU)

Observações clínicas e bioquímicas em ovinos e bovinos intoxicados experimentalmente por Myoporum laetum

Myoporum laetum  (transparente) é planta hepatotóxica contendo óleos essenciais furanosesquiterpenóides (FSTs), dentre os quais cita-se o ngaione. A intoxicação causa marcada elevação dos níveis séricos de AST, GGT e bilirrubina total. Doses únicas de 20 e 30g/kg de Myoporum laetum foram administradas a sete ovinos e 6 bovinos. Amostras de sangue e biopsias hepáticas foram obtidas destes animais e de 4 ovinos e 3 bovinos controles, antes e 1, 3 e 7 dias após a administração da planta. A partir das amostras de sangue analisaram-se os níveis séricos de GGT, AST e bilirrubina total. As biopsias foram processadas e coradas conforme rotina para histologia. Nos ovinos, os níveis enzimáticos de AST, GGT e bilirrubina total elevaram-se 24 horas após a administração da planta, praticamente em todos os animais experimentais, mas não nos controles. Os principais achados histológicos, em ovinos, incluíram vacuolização de hepatócitos, fibrose portal, proliferação de ductos biliares e necrose de hepatócitos periportais. Em bovinos, tanto as alterações na bioquímica sérica como os achados histológicos foram menos evidentes. Os achados referentes à evolução da doença, avaliando-se os sinais clínicos, atividade enzimática e alterações histopatológicas foram compatíveis.

HIPOPLASIA CEREBELAR E PORENCEFALIA EM BOVINOS CHAROLÊS NO SUL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

Two cases of cerebellar hypoplasia in Charolais calves from a herd of a farm located in the municipality of Capão do Leão, Southern Brazil are described. One calf with cerebellar clinical signs at birth, showed incoordination, hypermetria and intention tremors, mainly in the neck and head. The other calf was recumbent with opisthotonos. The gross lesions were characterized by cerebellar hypoplasia, with only remnants of cerebellar floculus and parafloculus and an expanded fluid-filled space covered by leptomeninges. Mild hydrocephalus and porencephaly were observed in the cerebrum. It was discussed the possible etiologies and suggested the possibility of the disease has been caused by bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) virus despite of negative results of imuno-histochemical technique for detection of this virus in cerebellar fragments of the affected calves.

Descrevem-se dois casos de hipoplasia cerebelar congênita observados em terneiros da raça Charolês, pertencentes a um estabelecimento localizado no município de Capão do Leão. Um dos animais apresentava sinais clínicos cerebelares ao nascimento, caracterizados por severa incoordenação motora, hipermetria e tremores de intenção, principalmente da cabeça e do pescoço. O outro animal não conseguia manter-se em estação e apresentava opistótono acentuado. As lesões macroscópicas caracterizaram-se por hipoplasia cerebelar, observando-se apenas remanescentes das regiões do flóculo e do paraflóculo cerebelares e uma cavidade preenchida por líquido e recoberta pelas leptomeninges, que estavam aderidas aos resquícios das folhas cerebelares. Ao corte do encéfalo, havia hidrocefalia discreta e a presença de cavidades císticas (porencefalia). São discutidas as possíveis etiologias, sugerindo-se a possibilidade de que a enfermidade tenha sido causada pelo vírus da diarréia viral bovina-doença das mucosas, apesar dos resultados negativos da imuno-histoquímica realizada em fragmentos do cerebelo dos animais doentes para detecção desse vírus.

Cerebral equine hydatidosis in Southern Brazil

Equine cerebral hydatid disease is described in a 7-year-old, crossbred, female horse. Clinical signs were characterized by circling gait, pressing of head against fences or objects and motor incoordination. On gross examination of the brain the hemispheres were swollen, mainly the left one. On transversal sections, a 5cm X 7cm fluid-filled cyst was observed within the lateral ventricle of the left hemisphere. The cyst extended from the parietal to the occipital lobe, and compressed the third ventricle. There was also marked mid line deviation. Histologically, the brain lesion adjacent to the cyst, was characterized by a piogranulomatous process and vacuolization of neuropil. A diagnosis of equine hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus was made on the basis of the morphometric features of protoscolices hooks.

Descreve-se um caso de hidatidose cerebral em um eqüino, cruza, fêmea, de 7 anos de idade, que apresentou sinais clínicos nervosos de torneio, pressão da cabeça contra cercas e objetos e incoordenação motora. Na abertura da caixa craniana observou-se aumento de volume do cérebro, mais acentuado no hemisfério esquerdo. Ao corte observou-se, no interior do ventrículo lateral esquerdo, um cisto de aproximadamente 5cm x 7cm, de parede branca opaca, com conteúdo líquido translúcido, que se estendia desde o lobo parietal até o lobo ocipital, comprimindo o tecido nervoso. No exame histológico do cérebro observou-se, na área contígua à parede do cisto a presença de um processo inflamatório piogranulomatoso e vacuolização da neurópila. Os dados morfométricos do cisto, dos protoescóleces e dos ganchos permitiram concluir que o cisto era de Echinococcus granulosus.

Comparação entre os sistemas histomorfológico e de graduação histológica para classificação prognóstica de tumores mamários em cadelas

Este consiste da avaliação comparativa de dois métodos comumente empregados para a classificação de tumores de mama. Compara-se o sistema de classificação histológico-descritivo da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OSM) e o método de graduação histológica proposto por Elston & Ellis (1991). Carcinomas simples e complexos foram incluídos neste estudo. Todos os carcinomas complexos foram definidos como de grau I (75%; 24/32) ou II (25%; 8/32). Os carcinomas simples foram graduados em I (36,4%; 20/55), II (32,7%; 18/55) e III (30,9%; 17/55). Os subtipos também foram avaliados e os carcinomas tubulopapilares distribuíram-se nos graus I (54,1%; 20/37), II (37,8%; 14/32) e III (8,1%; 3/37). Os carcinomas sólidos foram graduados em grau II (33,3%; 3/9) e III (66,7%; 6/9). Nos carcinomas anaplásicos foram encontrados os graus II (11,1%; 1/9) e III (88,9%; 8/9). Conclui-se que o método de graduação de Elston & Ellis foi mais preciso para determinar o comportamento biológico do que o sistema histológico-descritivo.

Cerebral equine hydatidosis in Southern Brazil

Equine cerebral hydatid disease is described in a 7-year-old, crossbred, female horse. Clinical signs were characterized by circling gait, pressing of head against fences or objects and motor incoordination. On gross examination of the brain the hemispheres were swollen, mainly the left one. On transversal sections, a 5cm X 7cm fluid-filled cyst was observed within the lateral ventricle of the left hemisphere. The cyst extended from the parietal to the occipital lobe, and compressed the third ventricle. There was also marked mid line deviation. Histologically, the brain lesion adjacent to the cyst, was characterized by a piogranulomatous process and vacuolization of neuropil. A diagnosis of equine hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus was made on the basis of the morphometric features of protoscolices hooks.

Descreve-se um caso de hidatidose cerebral em um eqüino, cruza, fêmea, de 7 anos de idade, que apresentou sinais clínicos nervosos de torneio, pressão da cabeça contra cercas e objetos e incoordenação motora. Na abertura da caixa craniana observou-se aumento de volume do cérebro, mais acentuado no hemisfério esquerdo. Ao corte observou-se, no interior do ventrículo lateral esquerdo, um cisto de aproximadamente 5cm x 7cm, de parede branca opaca, com conteúdo líquido translúcido, que se estendia desde o lobo parietal até o lobo ocipital, comprimindo o tecido nervoso. No exame histológico do cérebro observou-se, na área contígua à parede do cisto a presença de um processo inflamatório piogranulomatoso e vacuolização da neurópila. Os dados morfométricos do cisto, dos protoescóleces e dos ganchos permitiram concluir que o cisto era de Echinococcus granulosus.

Hipoplasia cerebelar e porencefalia em bovinos charolês no sul do rio grande do sul

Two cases of cerebellar hypoplasia in Charolais calves from a herd of a farm located in the municipality of Capão do Leão, Southern Brazil are described. One calf with cerebellar clinical signs at birth, showed incoordination, hypermetria and intention tremors, mainly in the neck and head. The other calf was recumbent with opisthotonos. The gross lesions were characterized by cerebellar hypoplasia, with only remnants of cerebellar floculus and parafloculus and an expanded fluid-filled space covered by leptomeninges. Mild hydrocephalus and porencephaly were observed in the cerebrum. It was discussed the possible etiologies and suggested the possibility of the disease has been caused by bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) virus despite of negative results of imuno-histochemical technique for detection of this virus in cerebellar fragments of the affected calves.

Descrevem-se dois casos de hipoplasia cerebelar congênita observados em terneiros da raça Charolês, pertencentes a um estabelecimento localizado no município de Capão do Leão. Um dos animais apresentava sinais clínicos cerebelares ao nascimento, caracterizados por severa incoordenação motora, hipermetria e tremores de intenção, principalmente da cabeça e do pescoço. O outro animal não conseguia manter-se em estação e apresentava opistótono acentuado. As lesões macroscópicas caracterizaram-se por hipoplasia cerebelar, observando-se apenas remanescentes das regiões do flóculo e do paraflóculo cerebelares e uma cavidade preenchida por líquido e recoberta pelas leptomeninges, que estavam aderidas aos resquícios das folhas cerebelares. Ao corte do encéfalo, havia hidrocefalia discreta e a presença de cavidades císticas (porencefalia). São discutidas as possíveis etiologias, sugerindo-se a possibilidade de que a enfermidade tenha sido causada pelo vírus da diarréia viral bovina-doença das mucosas, apesar dos resultados negativos da imuno-histoquímica realizada em fragmentos do cerebelo dos animais doentes para detecção desse vírus.

Comparação entre os sistemas histomorfológico e de graduação histológica para classificação prognóstica de tumores mamários em cadelas

Este consiste da avaliação comparativa de dois métodos comumente empregados para a classificação de tumores de mama. Compara-se o sistema de classificação histológico-descritivo da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OSM) e o método de graduação histológica proposto por Elston & Ellis (1991). Carcinomas simples e complexos foram incluídos neste estudo. Todos os carcinomas complexos foram definidos como de grau I (75%; 24/32) ou II (25%; 8/32). Os carcinomas simples foram graduados em I (36,4%; 20/55), II (32,7%; 18/55) e III (30,9%; 17/55). Os subtipos também foram avaliados e os carcinomas tubulopapilares distribuíram-se nos graus I (54,1%; 20/37), II (37,8%; 14/32) e III (8,1%; 3/37). Os carcinomas sólidos foram graduados em grau II (33,3%; 3/9) e III (66,7%; 6/9). Nos carcinomas anaplásicos foram encontrados os graus II (11,1%; 1/9) e III (88,9%; 8/9). Conclui-se que o método de graduação de Elston & Ellis foi mais preciso para determinar o comportamento biológico do que o sistema histológico-descritivo.

Anatomopathologic Study of Kidneys parasitized by Dioctophyme renale in Dogs

Background: Dioctophymiasis is a disease caused by the nematode Dioctophyme renale and is a relatively common condition in dogs. The parasite affects the kidney, especially the right, enters the kidney capsule and causes destruction and atrophy of the parenchyma. The lesion severity depends on the amount of parasites affecting the kidney, the duration of the infection, number of kidneys involved and concurrent occurrence of kidney disease. The diseases clinical presentation may be asymptomatic or with nonspecific clinical signs. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound examination and the detection of eggs in urine, however, diagnosis is often reached only through necropsy or histopathology. This study aimed to analyze the dog kidney anatomical and pathological changes when parasitized by Dioctophyme renale.Materials, Methods & Results: The kidneys of 21 dogs diagnosed with dioctophymiasis were nephrectomized, analyzed by ultrasound and forwarded to macro and microscopic analysis. Macroscopically, the kidney size was measured as well as its renal capsule thicknes. The presences of dilatation of the renal pelvis and ureter, as well as changes of the capsule, were also observed. These fragments were collected and submitted for routine analysis and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histopathological examination was performed blindly by three evaluators. The intensity of fibrosi

Development of experimental sporothrichosis in a murine model with yeast and mycelial forms of Sporothrix schenkii

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous disease that affects both men and a variety of animals caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii. The aims of this study were to observe differences in virulence between inocula containing the yeast (Y) or mycelial (M) forms, to compare the reactions induced by the two inocula injected in different anatomical sites, and to verify the possibility of horizontal transmission of the disease by contact between infected and healthy animals. All animals were observed during a period of nine weeks. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously in the paw pads and in the regions of the hip and shoulder joints. Another group of non-inoculated healthy mice was kept in direct contact with mice developing the subcutaneous lesions. Animals of groups Y and M developed lesions due to infections and clinical symptoms very characteristic of sporothrichosis. Lesions were more prominent and with longer duration when occurring in the pads than in any other site of inoculation. Non-inoculated mice remained healthy as it occurred to animals in the control group. The development of typical clinical symptoms for sporothrichosis in all inoculated groups suggests that no difference exists in virulence between the yeast and mycelial forms of the same isolated of S. schenckii. Moreover, the paw pads appear to be the site of choice for the inoculation for experimental sporot

Development of experimental sporothrichosis in a murine model with yeast and mycelial forms of Sporothrix schenkii

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous disease that affects both men and a variety of animals caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii. The aims of this study were to observe differences in virulence between inocula containing the yeast (Y) or mycelial (M) forms, to compare the reactions induced by the two inocula injected in different anatomical sites, and to verify the possibility of horizontal transmission of the disease by contact between infected and healthy animals. All animals were observed during a period of nine weeks. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously in the paw pads and in the regions of the hip and shoulder joints. Another group of non-inoculated healthy mice was kept in direct contact with mice developing the subcutaneous lesions. Animals of groups Y and M developed lesions due to infections and clinical symptoms very characteristic of sporothrichosis. Lesions were more prominent and with longer duration when occurring in the pads than in any other site of inoculation. Non-inoculated mice remained healthy as it occurred to animals in the control group. The development of typical clinical symptoms for sporothrichosis in all inoculated groups suggests that no difference exists in virulence between the yeast and mycelial forms of the same isolated of S. schenckii. Moreover, the paw pads appear to be the site of choice for the inoculation for experimental sporot

Anatomopathologic Study of Kidneys parasitized by Dioctophyme renale in Dogs

Background: Dioctophymiasis is a disease caused by the nematode Dioctophyme renale and is a relatively common condition in dogs. The parasite affects the kidney, especially the right, enters the kidney capsule and causes destruction and atrophy of the parenchyma. The lesion severity depends on the amount of parasites affecting the kidney, the duration of the infection, number of kidneys involved and concurrent occurrence of kidney disease. The diseases clinical presentation may be asymptomatic or with nonspecific clinical signs. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound examination and the detection of eggs in urine, however, diagnosis is often reached only through necropsy or histopathology. This study aimed to analyze the dog kidney anatomical and pathological changes when parasitized by Dioctophyme renale.Materials, Methods & Results: The kidneys of 21 dogs diagnosed with dioctophymiasis were nephrectomized, analyzed by ultrasound and forwarded to macro and microscopic analysis. Macroscopically, the kidney size was measured as well as its renal capsule thicknes. The presences of dilatation of the renal pelvis and ureter, as well as changes of the capsule, were also observed. These fragments were collected and submitted for routine analysis and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histopathological examination was performed blindly by three evaluators. The intensity of fibrosi

Development of experimental sporothrichosis in a murine model with yeast and mycelial forms of Sporothrix schenkii

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous disease that affects both men and a variety of animals caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii. The aims of this study were to observe differences in virulence between inocula containing the yeast (Y) or mycelial (M) forms, to compare the reactions induced by the two inocula injected in different anatomical sites, and to verify the possibility of horizontal transmission of the disease by contact between infected and healthy animals. All animals were observed during a period of nine weeks. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously in the paw pads and in the regions of the hip and shoulder joints. Another group of non-inoculated healthy mice was kept in direct contact with mice developing the subcutaneous lesions. Animals of groups Y and M developed lesions due to infections and clinical symptoms very characteristic of sporothrichosis. Lesions were more prominent and with longer duration when occurring in the pads than in any other site of inoculation. Non-inoculated mice remained healthy as it occurred to animals in the control group. The development of typical clinical symptoms for sporothrichosis in all inoculated groups suggests that no difference exists in virulence between the yeast and mycelial forms of the same isolated of S. schenckii. Moreover, the paw pads appear to be the site of choice for the inoculation for experimental sporot

Anatomopathologic Study of Kidneys parasitized by Dioctophyme renale in Dogs

Background: Dioctophymiasis is a disease caused by the nematode Dioctophyme renale and is a relatively common condition in dogs. The parasite affects the kidney, especially the right, enters the kidney capsule and causes destruction and atrophy of the parenchyma. The lesion severity depends on the amount of parasites affecting the kidney, the duration of the infection, number of kidneys involved and concurrent occurrence of kidney disease. The diseases clinical presentation may be asymptomatic or with nonspecific clinical signs. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound examination and the detection of eggs in urine, however, diagnosis is often reached only through necropsy or histopathology. This study aimed to analyze the dog kidney anatomical and pathological changes when parasitized by Dioctophyme renale.Materials, Methods & Results: The kidneys of 21 dogs diagnosed with dioctophymiasis were nephrectomized, analyzed by ultrasound and forwarded to macro and microscopic analysis. Macroscopically, the kidney size was measured as well as its renal capsule thicknes. The presences of dilatation of the renal pelvis and ureter, as well as changes of the capsule, were also observed. These fragments were collected and submitted for routine analysis and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histopathological examination was performed blindly by three evaluators. The intensity of fibrosi

Anatomopathologic Study of Kidneys parasitized by Dioctophyme renale in Dogs

Background: Dioctophymiasis is a disease caused by the nematode Dioctophyme renale and is a relatively common condition in dogs. The parasite affects the kidney, especially the right, enters the kidney capsule and causes destruction and atrophy of the parenchyma. The lesion severity depends on the amount of parasites affecting the kidney, the duration of the infection, number of kidneys involved and concurrent occurrence of kidney disease. The diseases clinical presentation may be asymptomatic or with nonspecific clinical signs. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound examination and the detection of eggs in urine, however, diagnosis is often reached only through necropsy or histopathology. This study aimed to analyze the dog kidney anatomical and pathological changes when parasitized by Dioctophyme renale.Materials, Methods & Results: The kidneys of 21 dogs diagnosed with dioctophymiasis were nephrectomized, analyzed by ultrasound and forwarded to macro and microscopic analysis. Macroscopically, the kidney size was measured as well as its renal capsule thicknes. The presences of dilatation of the renal pelvis and ureter, as well as changes of the capsule, were also observed. These fragments were collected and submitted for routine analysis and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histopathological examination was performed blindly by three evaluators. The intensity of fibrosi