Proliferative arteriopathy of the nasal philtrum in two Brazilian Mastiff dogs

Proliferative arteritis of the canine nasal philtrum is an unusual disease with an unknown etiology and very few cases described in literature to date. Two patients with characteristic lesions underwent biopsy and confirmation by histopathological assessment. The first case was treated with oral prednisolone once daily and topical tacrolimus twice daily. The second case was treated twice daily with pentoxifylline and topical tacrolimus. Both treatments were successfully used by other authors previously. In result, clinical improvement varied among patients. The lesion of the first case showed no clinical improvement after 15 days of treatment. The second case showed a mild improvement of the initial lesion. In conclusion, treatment with tracolimus, pentoxifylline, and prednisonole appears to have a good effect in mild and early lesions. The objective of this paper was to describe the clinical findings, treatment options and histopathological aspects in two Brazilian Mastiff dogs, not previously reported.

Proliferative arteriopathy of the nasal philtrum in two Brazilian Mastiff dogs

Proliferative arteritis of the canine nasal philtrum is an unusual disease with an unknown etiology and very few cases described in literature to date. Two patients with characteristic lesions underwent biopsy and confirmation by histopathological assessment. The first case was treated with oral prednisolone once daily and topical tacrolimus twice daily. The second case was treated twice daily with pentoxifylline and topical tacrolimus. Both treatments were successfully used by other authors previously. In result, clinical improvement varied among patients. The lesion of the first case showed no clinical improvement after 15 days of treatment. The second case showed a mild improvement of the initial lesion. In conclusion, treatment with tracolimus, pentoxifylline, and prednisonole appears to have a good effect in mild and early lesions. The objective of this paper was to describe the clinical findings, treatment options and histopathological aspects in two Brazilian Mastiff dogs, not previously reported.(AU)

Secondary Aspergillus fumigatus infection associated with coloidal goiter in a Black-masked lovebird (Agapornis personata) / Infecção secundária por Aspergillus fumigatus associada a bócio coloidal em Agaporne mascarado (Agapornis personata)

Aspergillosis is caused by fungus of Aspergillus genus. Is a multifactorial secondary disease andoccurs mainly to immunodeficiency. Goiter is the name to non-inflammatory and non-neoplasic thyroid growthwhich affecting the animal metabolism. In this report we describe a case of aspergillosis and colloidal goiter in amale Black-masked lovebird (Agapornis personata) diagnosed by post mortem exam. The bird was presented forexamination due to severe respiratory signs. An initial palliative treatment was performed in order to relieve thesymptoms. Despite this, the patient came to die without performing additional ancillary tests. On gross exam, apulmonary nodule was observed from which we were able to isolate Aspergillus fumigatus on microbial culture.Histological assessment revealed pulmonary aspergilosis and colloid goiter. Based on histopathological andmicrobiological assessments we conclude that infection probably was secondary to colloid goiter.

Aspergilose é uma doença causada por fungos do gênero Aspergillus. É uma doença secundária decaráter multifatorial e ocorre principalmente por imunodeficiência. O bócio é o nome dado ao crescimento nãoneoplásicoe não-inflamatório da tireoide que afeta o metabolismo animal. O presente artigo descreve um caso deaspergilose e bócio coloidal em macho de Agaporne mascarado (Agapornis personata) diagnosticados porexame post mortem. A ave foi atendida com sintomatologia respiratória acentuada, sendo realizado umprocedimento clínico inicial para aliviar os sintomas, porém a ave morreu sem que exames auxiliares fossemrealizados. Na análise necroscópica foi encontrando a presença de um nódulo no pulmão e foi isoladoAspergillus fumigatus no exame microbiológico. A análise histológica confirmou o quadro de aspergilose erevelou também alterações tiroidianas compatíveis com bócio. Mediante os achados patológicos relacionou-se aocorrência da infecção devido às alterações metabólicas causadas pelo quadro de bócio.

Secondary Aspergillus fumigatus infection associated with coloidal goiter in a Black-masked lovebird (Agapornis personata) / Infecção secundária por Aspergillus fumigatus associada a bócio coloidal em Agaporne mascarado (Agapornis personata)

Aspergillosis is caused by fungus of Aspergillus genus. Is a multifactorial secondary disease andoccurs mainly to immunodeficiency. Goiter is the name to non-inflammatory and non-neoplasic thyroid growthwhich affecting the animal metabolism. In this report we describe a case of aspergillosis and colloidal goiter in amale Black-masked lovebird (Agapornis personata) diagnosed by post mortem exam. The bird was presented forexamination due to severe respiratory signs. An initial palliative treatment was performed in order to relieve thesymptoms. Despite this, the patient came to die without performing additional ancillary tests. On gross exam, apulmonary nodule was observed from which we were able to isolate Aspergillus fumigatus on microbial culture.Histological assessment revealed pulmonary aspergilosis and colloid goiter. Based on histopathological andmicrobiological assessments we conclude that infection probably was secondary to colloid goiter.(AU)

Aspergilose é uma doença causada por fungos do gênero Aspergillus. É uma doença secundária decaráter multifatorial e ocorre principalmente por imunodeficiência. O bócio é o nome dado ao crescimento nãoneoplásicoe não-inflamatório da tireoide que afeta o metabolismo animal. O presente artigo descreve um caso deaspergilose e bócio coloidal em macho de Agaporne mascarado (Agapornis personata) diagnosticados porexame post mortem. A ave foi atendida com sintomatologia respiratória acentuada, sendo realizado umprocedimento clínico inicial para aliviar os sintomas, porém a ave morreu sem que exames auxiliares fossemrealizados. Na análise necroscópica foi encontrando a presença de um nódulo no pulmão e foi isoladoAspergillus fumigatus no exame microbiológico. A análise histológica confirmou o quadro de aspergilose erevelou também alterações tiroidianas compatíveis com bócio. Mediante os achados patológicos relacionou-se aocorrência da infecção devido às alterações metabólicas causadas pelo quadro de bócio.(AU)

Consensus for the Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Mammary Tumors 2013

The purpose of this paper is to establish criteria that could guide the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of caninemammary neoplasias. It was elaborated during the Mammary Pathology Meeting: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment ofthe Canine Mammary Neoplasia, held on November 6th and 7th, 2010 in Belo Horizonte – MG, Brazil. Academics fromseveral regions of Brazil were present and contributed to this work. After three years, a new discussion was foundnecessary in order to address important questions: 1 - Have Brazilian DVMs applied the consensus? 2 - What were the maindifficulties in applying the consensus? 3 - What were the obtained results? 4 - What were the main differences among thevarious oncology services/groups? 5 - How could the criteria be improved and uniformed? A spreadsheet that allowed datacollection and an abstract was submitted by each oncology service/group from various parts of the country. Based on theabstracts we identified the main differences in diagnosis and therapeutic conducts among the groups. These differences haveguided the discussions of the II Mammary Pathology Meeting and the publication of a second consensus that has beenrevised and updated. The II Mammary Pathology Meeting: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of the Canine mamaryNeoplasia, was held on December 9th, 10thand 11th, 2013 in Belo Horizonte – MG, sponsored by the Laboratory ofComparative Pathology of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), with the support of the Brazilian Associationof Veterinary Pathology (ABPV) and Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET). Academics from severalregions of Brazil were present and contributed to this work.

Consensus for the Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Mammary Tumors 2013

The purpose of this paper is to establish criteria that could guide the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of caninemammary neoplasias. It was elaborated during the Mammary Pathology Meeting: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment ofthe Canine Mammary Neoplasia, held on November 6th and 7th, 2010 in Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil. Academics fromseveral regions of Brazil were present and contributed to this work. After three years, a new discussion was foundnecessary in order to address important questions: 1 - Have Brazilian DVMs applied the consensus? 2 - What were the maindifficulties in applying the consensus? 3 - What were the obtained results? 4 - What were the main differences among thevarious oncology services/groups? 5 - How could the criteria be improved and uniformed? A spreadsheet that allowed datacollection and an abstract was submitted by each oncology service/group from various parts of the country. Based on theabstracts we identified the main differences in diagnosis and therapeutic conducts among the groups. These differences haveguided the discussions of the II Mammary Pathology Meeting and the publication of a second consensus that has beenrevised and updated. The II Mammary Pathology Meeting: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of the Canine mamaryNeoplasia, was held on December 9th, 10thand 11th, 2013 in Belo Horizonte MG, sponsored by the Laboratory ofComparative Pathology of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), with the support of the Brazilian Associationof Veterinary Pathology (ABPV) and Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET). Academics from severalregions of Brazil were present and contributed to this work.(AU)

Facial hemangiossarcoma in a blue fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) / Hemangiossarcoma facial em papagaio verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva)

Here we describe the first case report of an hemangiosarcoma in a male Blue-fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva). The mass was localized near the inferior portion of the right orbit. A fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed and a presuntive diagnosis of hemangioma/hemangiosarcoma was established. Further histopathological evaluation revealed a mesenchymal neoplasm composed basically by well formed vascular channels lined by pleomorphic endothelial cells. Thus, the final diagnosis was a well-differentiated cutaneous hemangiosarcoma.

Aqui se descreve o primeiro caso de hemangiossarcoma em um macho de Papagaio verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva). A massa estava localizada próxima a porção inferior da órbita direita. Uma aspiração utilizando agulha fina foi realizada e o diagnóstico presuntivo de hemangioma/hemangiossarcoma foi estabelecido. Em seguida, a avaliação histopatológica revelou uma neoplasia mesenquimal composta, basicamente, por canais vasculares bem formados alinhados com células endoteliais pleiomórficas. Desse modo, o diagnóstico final foi de hemangiossarcoma cutâneo bem diferenciado.

Facial hemangiossarcoma in a blue fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) / Hemangiossarcoma facial em papagaio verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva)

Here we describe the first case report of an hemangiosarcoma in a male Blue-fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva). The mass was localized near the inferior portion of the right orbit. A fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed and a presuntive diagnosis of hemangioma/hemangiosarcoma was established. Further histopathological evaluation revealed a mesenchymal neoplasm composed basically by well formed vascular channels lined by pleomorphic endothelial cells. Thus, the final diagnosis was a well-differentiated cutaneous hemangiosarcoma.(AU)

Aqui se descreve o primeiro caso de hemangiossarcoma em um macho de Papagaio verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva). A massa estava localizada próxima a porção inferior da órbita direita. Uma aspiração utilizando agulha fina foi realizada e o diagnóstico presuntivo de hemangioma/hemangiossarcoma foi estabelecido. Em seguida, a avaliação histopatológica revelou uma neoplasia mesenquimal composta, basicamente, por canais vasculares bem formados alinhados com células endoteliais pleiomórficas. Desse modo, o diagnóstico final foi de hemangiossarcoma cutâneo bem diferenciado.(AU)

Mammary benign neoplasm diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) / Neoplasia mamária benigna diagnosticada por punção aspirativa por agulha fina em porquinho da Índia (Cavia porcellus)

Cytology is a well established research technique in human and veterinary medicine, but it is rarely used in small rodents. Spontaneous tumors are relatively uncommon in guinea pigs and those described in literature include a variety of organs like skin and subcutis, respiratory and reproductive tract, endocrine and hematopoietic system, and mammary gland. The objective of this article was to describe the use of the fine needle aspiration biopsy technique (FNAB) on evaluation of a mammary neoplasm in a guinea pig and describe the main cytological findings for the first time in literature.

Fibrous Osteodystrophy in a Captive Common Eland Antelope (Taurotragus oryx)

Fibrous osteodystrophy (FO) is a common condition described mainly in domestic species, with only few cases described in wild ones kept in captivity. Herein we report a case of FO in a 2 yr-old female common eland antelope (Taurotragus oryx) maintained in captivity and fed with a horse pelleted ration plus hays. The animal showed a firm bilateral symmetrical enlargement of upper maxillary bones which was submitted to histological evaluation. Microscopic findings were those related to extensive bone resorption and fibroplasia.(AU)

Consensus for the Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Mammary Tumors

The purpose of this paper is to establish criteria that could guide the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of canine mammary neoplasias. It was elaborated during the Mammary Pathology Meeting: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of the Canine Mammary Neoplasm, held on November 6th and 7th, 2010 in Belo Horizonte ­ MG, Brazil, sponsored by the Laboratory of Comparative Pathology ­ UFMG, with the support of the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Pathology (ABPV) and Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET). Academics from several regions of Brazil were present and contributed to this work.(AU)

Patologia de neonatos bovinos originados por meio da técnica de transferência nuclear de células somáticas clonagem / Pathology of bovine neonates generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer Cloning

Os mecanismos de morte em animais clonados a partir de células somáticas são poucos elucidados. Malformações de órgãos, alterações de tamanho e peso desses animais foram anomalias já descritas, porém em casos isolados. Desse modo, estudos nos níveis anatomo e histopatológicos são de suma importância para ajudar a compreensão dos fatores responsáveis pelos altos índices de insucessos com a utilização da TNCS (transferência nuclear de células somáticas). Assim, o presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de descrever, por meio de exames anatomopatológicos, as alterações presentes em um grupo de animais gerados por TNCS, que vieram a óbito entre 1 e 19 dias de vida. Esse experimento foi realizado entre os anos de 2004 e 2008 na fazenda Tambaú, cidade de Tambaú, Estado de São Paulo. No total foram gerados 21 animais da raça Nelore (Bos indicus), sendo que 11 vieram a óbito e dez apresentaram boa evolução clínica no período perinatal. Foram realizadas as necropsias dos animais e posterior análise histopatológica de tecidos alterados. Esse estudo mostrou alta prevalência de alterações cardiopulmonares, que provavelmente foram determinantes nos mecanismos de morte dos animais. Dentre essas alterações a hipertensão pulmonar e modificações hemodinâmicas diagnosticadas através do exame histopatológico foram as mais frequentes. (AU)

The death mechanisms in cloned animals are not well elucidated. There are few cases describing organ malformation, size and weight alterations in these animals. Pathologic studies are necessary to understand the high level of unsuccessful results using the NTSC (nuclear transfer somatic cell) technique. The present study was carried out to describe alterations present in a group of animals generated by NTSC technique that deceased between 0 to 19 days of life, using anatomopathologic examination. This experiment was conducted at Tambaú Farm in São Paulo State between years 2004 and 2008. Initially there were twenty one Nelore breed Bos indicus animals, but 11 of them deceased and ten survived and showed satisfactory clinical evolution in perinatal period. Animals necropsies and histopathologic analyses where performed. The results revealed a high prevalence of cardiopulmonary alterations, which were predominantly lung hypertension and hemodynamic profile changes, revealed by histopathologic analyses. (AU)

Esteatocistoma simples/múltiplo em um cão? Aspectos morfológicos e imuno-histoquímicos / Steatocystom a simplex/multi plex in a dog? Morphological and immunohistochemical features

O Esteatocistoma simples é uma condição raramente descrita em humanos que se apresenta como nódulossolitários, dérmicos, firmes usualmente menores que 0,5 cm e que podem envolver as glândulas sebáceasespecializadas. Acredita-se que a forma solitária seja uma neoplasia benigna, não-herdável, originária de uma má-formação nevóide da junção ductal pilo-sebácea. O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever os achados clínico-patológicos de uma lesão cutânea em um cão da raça Cocker Spaniel Inglês de oito anos de idade, similar ao Esteatocistoma simples/múltiplo humano, além de enfatizar a importância de estudos comparativos envolvendo as unidades pilossebáceas caninas. (AU)

Steatocystoma simplex is a rare condition described in humans, which present as solitary, firm dermalnodules that are usually less than 0.5 cm in size and can involve the specialized sebaceous glands. Whensolitary, it is considered a non-heritable benign adnexal tumor thought to originate from a naevoid malformationof the pilosebaceous duct junction. The objective of this brief communication is to describe the clinicopathological findings of a cutaneous lesion resembling human steatocystoma simplex/multiplex in an 8-year-old male English Cocker Spaniel dog and emphasize the importance of more comparative studies regarding pilosebaceous units in dogs. (AU)

Esteatocistoma simples/múltiplo em um cão? Aspectos morfológicos e imuno-histoquímicos / Steatocystom a simplex/multi plex in a dog? Morphological and immunohistochemical features

O Esteatocistoma simples é uma condição raramente descrita em humanos que se apresenta como nódulossolitários, dérmicos, firmes usualmente menores que 0,5 cm e que podem envolver as glândulas sebáceasespecializadas. Acredita-se que a forma solitária seja uma neoplasia benigna, não-herdável, originária de uma má-formação nevóide da junção ductal pilo-sebácea. O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever os achados clínico-patológicos de uma lesão cutânea em um cão da raça Cocker Spaniel Inglês de oito anos de idade, similar ao Esteatocistoma simples/múltiplo humano, além de enfatizar a importância de estudos comparativos envolvendo as unidades pilossebáceas caninas.

Steatocystoma simplex is a rare condition described in humans, which present as solitary, firm dermalnodules that are usually less than 0.5 cm in size and can involve the specialized sebaceous glands. Whensolitary, it is considered a non-heritable benign adnexal tumor thought to originate from a naevoid malformationof the pilosebaceous duct junction. The objective of this brief communication is to describe the clinicopathological findings of a cutaneous lesion resembling human steatocystoma simplex/multiplex in an 8-year-old male English Cocker Spaniel dog and emphasize the importance of more comparative studies regarding pilosebaceous units in dogs.

Síndrome lepra felina: aspectos dermatohistopatológicos / Dermatohistopathology in feline leprosy syndrome

As dermatopatias micobacterianas dos gatos vem apresentando interesse crescente devido à heterogeneidadeclínica, microbiológica e patológica. Entre as principais síndromes relacionadas estão a lepra felina, focodesta revisão, as micobacterioses cutâneas atípicas e a tuberculose cutânea felina. A lepra felina é caracterizada por granulomas cutâneos ou subcutâneos únicos ou múltiplos contendo bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes, acompanhadas geralmente por linfoadenopatia. É dividida histologicamente nas formas tuberculóide e lepromatóide,na dependência de fatores tais como a idade, apresentação clínica e histomorfologia. Os principais agentesenvolvidos nestas afecções incluem o M. lepraemurium, M. fortuitum, M.phlei, M. smegmatis, M. chelonae, M.thermoresistible e M. fortuitum-peregrinum. Entretanto, outros agentes não relacionados ao gênero Mycobacterium spp têm sido detectados por técnicas moleculares. A presente revisão descreve os principais aspectos histopatológicos e etiológicos, dos casos de lesões lepromatosas felinas. (AU)

Mycobacterial skin diseases in cats have been showing increasing interest due to different clinical, microbiologicaland pathological presentation. The main syndromes associated with this disease are feline leprosy, focus of this review, atypical mycobacteriosis and feline cutaneous tuberculosis. Feline leprosy ischaracterized by cutaneous or subcutaneous granulomas containing single or multiple acid-fast bacilli, usually accompanied by lymphadenopathy. It might be divided histologically in lepromatoid and tuberculoid forms, depending on factors such as age, clinical presentation and histomorphology. The main etiologicalagents involved in these disorders include M. lepraemurium, M. fortuitum, M.phlei, M. smegmatis, M. chelonae,and M. thermoresistible, and M. fortuitum-peregrinum. However, other Mycobacterium spp non-related agentshave been detected by molecular techniques. The present review describes the major histopathological and etiological aspects of feline cases of lepromatous lesions. (AU)

Síndrome lepra felina: aspectos dermatohistopatológicos / Dermatohistopathology in feline leprosy syndrome

As dermatopatias micobacterianas dos gatos vem apresentando interesse crescente devido à heterogeneidadeclínica, microbiológica e patológica. Entre as principais síndromes relacionadas estão a lepra felina, focodesta revisão, as micobacterioses cutâneas atípicas e a tuberculose cutânea felina. A lepra felina é caracterizada por granulomas cutâneos ou subcutâneos únicos ou múltiplos contendo bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes, acompanhadas geralmente por linfoadenopatia. É dividida histologicamente nas formas tuberculóide e lepromatóide,na dependência de fatores tais como a idade, apresentação clínica e histomorfologia. Os principais agentesenvolvidos nestas afecções incluem o M. lepraemurium, M. fortuitum, M.phlei, M. smegmatis, M. chelonae, M.thermoresistible e M. fortuitum-peregrinum. Entretanto, outros agentes não relacionados ao gênero Mycobacterium spp têm sido detectados por técnicas moleculares. A presente revisão descreve os principais aspectos histopatológicos e etiológicos, dos casos de lesões lepromatosas felinas.

Mycobacterial skin diseases in cats have been showing increasing interest due to different clinical, microbiologicaland pathological presentation. The main syndromes associated with this disease are feline leprosy, focus of this review, atypical mycobacteriosis and feline cutaneous tuberculosis. Feline leprosy ischaracterized by cutaneous or subcutaneous granulomas containing single or multiple acid-fast bacilli, usually accompanied by lymphadenopathy. It might be divided histologically in lepromatoid and tuberculoid forms, depending on factors such as age, clinical presentation and histomorphology. The main etiologicalagents involved in these disorders include M. lepraemurium, M. fortuitum, M.phlei, M. smegmatis, M. chelonae,and M. thermoresistible, and M. fortuitum-peregrinum. However, other Mycobacterium spp non-related agentshave been detected by molecular techniques. The present review describes the major histopathological and etiological aspects of feline cases of lepromatous lesions.

Aspectos gerais das neoplasias perianais em cães / General aspects of perianal tumors in dogs

A região perianal é constituída por três tipos de glândulas, as glândulas perianais anais e do saco anal. Os principais tumores desta região incluem o carcinoma do saco anal e os tumores das glândulas perianais ou hepatóides, embora outros tumores também possam acometer o local. O diagnóstico das neoplasias perianais é realizado com base na avaliação citológica e/ ou histológica e no comportamento da neoplasia e sua capacidade de produzir metástase. O tratamento para o adenoma perianal compreende a excisão tumoral ou criocirurgia associados à esterilização cirúrgica. Da mesma forma, a cirurgia consiste no tratamento de eleição para o carcinoma perianal, porém não há consenso quanto aos benefícios da castração para esse tipo de neoplasia. Para os casos inoperáveis, pode-se recorrer à radioterapia ou quimioterapia. Em relação ao carcinoma de sacos anais, a exérese consiste na modalidade terapêutica inicial, mas deve ser associada à radioterapia ou quimioterapia, além do tratamento das complicações clínicas inerentes à hipercalcemia. O prognóstico para as neoplasias benignas em geral é bom. Quanto às neoplasias malignas, o prognóstico é reservado e depende principalmente da possibilidade de ressecção completa da massa tumoral(AU)

Perianal region contains three specialized groups of glands: perianal glands, anal glands and anal sac glands. The main tumors involving this region include anal sac carcinoma and perianal gland tumors or hepatóides, although other tumors may occur. Diagnosis of perianal neoplasias is based on cytological and/or histological evaluation and tumour behaviour and its capacity to produce metastasis. Treatment for perianal adenoma consists in surgical excision or cryosurgery associated to castration. Perianal carcinoma is also preferencially treated by surgical excision but there is no indication that castration is baneful in this case. In cases that surgery is not possible, radiation or chemotherapy may be used. In relation to anal sac carcinoma, surgical exeresis is the first option, but may be associated to radiation or chemotherapy and treatment of clinical implications of hypercalcemia. Prognosis for benign neoplasia is generally good. In cases of malignant neoplasia, prognosis depends in the possibility of complete resection of tumour(AU)

Aspectos gerais das neoplasias perianais em cães / General aspects of perianal tumors in dogs

A região perianal é constituída por três tipos de glândulas, as glândulas perianais anais e do saco anal. Os principais tumores desta região incluem o carcinoma do saco anal e os tumores das glândulas perianais ou hepatóides, embora outros tumores também possam acometer o local. O diagnóstico das neoplasias perianais é realizado com base na avaliação citológica e/ ou histológica e no comportamento da neoplasia e sua capacidade de produzir metástase. O tratamento para o adenoma perianal compreende a excisão tumoral ou criocirurgia associados à esterilização cirúrgica. Da mesma forma, a cirurgia consiste no tratamento de eleição para o carcinoma perianal, porém não há consenso quanto aos benefícios da castração para esse tipo de neoplasia. Para os casos inoperáveis, pode-se recorrer à radioterapia ou quimioterapia. Em relação ao carcinoma de sacos anais, a exérese consiste na modalidade terapêutica inicial, mas deve ser associada à radioterapia ou quimioterapia, além do tratamento das complicações clínicas inerentes à hipercalcemia. O prognóstico para as neoplasias benignas em geral é bom. Quanto às neoplasias malignas, o prognóstico é reservado e depende principalmente da possibilidade de ressecção completa da massa tumoral

Perianal region contains three specialized groups of glands: perianal glands, anal glands and anal sac glands. The main tumors involving this region include anal sac carcinoma and perianal gland tumors or hepatóides, although other tumors may occur. Diagnosis of perianal neoplasias is based on cytological and/or histological evaluation and tumour behaviour and its capacity to produce metastasis. Treatment for perianal adenoma consists in surgical excision or cryosurgery associated to castration. Perianal carcinoma is also preferencially treated by surgical excision but there is no indication that castration is baneful in this case. In cases that surgery is not possible, radiation or chemotherapy may be used. In relation to anal sac carcinoma, surgical exeresis is the first option, but may be associated to radiation or chemotherapy and treatment of clinical implications of hypercalcemia. Prognosis for benign neoplasia is generally good. In cases of malignant neoplasia, prognosis depends in the possibility of complete resection of tumour