Retalho de padrão axial da artéria torácica lateral para reconstrução de lesão cutânea em região de cotovelo de cão: Relato de caso / Use of lateral thoracic axial pattern flap to repair cutaneous defect in a dog elbow: Case report

Os retalhos cutâneos são técnicas de escolha para reconstrução de grandes defeitos. Objetivou-se relatar o emprego do retalho de padrão axial da artéria torácica lateral em paciente com ferida cirúrgica ocasionada imediatamente após exérese de neoformação na região da articulação do cotovelo. Foi atendido paciente canino macho, 10 anos, pesando 12 kg, apresentando neoformação em tecidos moles, de grande volume, localizada na região medial do cotovelo. Como tratamento definitivo, implementou-se a exérese marginal da neoplasma seguida de reconstrução com a técnica de retalho de padrão axial da artéria torácica lateral. A técnica possibilitou completa síntese e oclusão do defeito, obtendo-se ótima recuperação pós operatória, não sendo observada deiscência de sutura ou necrose do retalho. Conclui-se que a implementação do retalho da artéria torácica lateral foi uma técnica viável na reconstrução em cotovelo após a exérese do neoplasma no paciente relatado, observando resultados satisfatórios quanto aos aspectos funcionais e cosméticos, após o período cicatricial.

Skin flaps are suitable methods of wound closure in large cutaneous defects. I The present study aims to report the use of lateral thoracic axial pattern flap to repair an elbow wound secondary to a neoplasm resection. A 10-year-old male dog weighing 12 kg was presented with a large soft tissue neoplasm in the medial aspect of the elbow. The patient underwent surgical resection of the neoplasm using the lateral thoracic cutaneous flap to achieve a complete defect closure, resulting in an excellent postoperative wound healing without suture failure or skin flap necrosis. It is concluded that the implementation of the lateral thoracic artery flap was a viable technique in elbow reconstruction after neoplasm excision in the reported patient, with satisfactory results regarding functional and cosmetic aspects after the healing period.

Retalho de padrão axial da artéria torácica lateral para reconstrução de lesão cutânea em região de cotovelo de cão: Relato de caso / Use of lateral thoracic axial pattern flap to repair cutaneous defect in a dog elbow: Case report

Os retalhos cutâneos são técnicas de escolha para reconstrução de grandes defeitos. Objetivou-se relatar o emprego do retalho de padrão axial da artéria torácica lateral em paciente com ferida cirúrgica ocasionada imediatamente após exérese de neoformação na região da articulação do cotovelo. Foi atendido paciente canino macho, 10 anos, pesando 12 kg, apresentando neoformação em tecidos moles, de grande volume, localizada na região medial do cotovelo. Como tratamento definitivo, implementou-se a exérese marginal da neoplasma seguida de reconstrução com a técnica de retalho de padrão axial da artéria torácica lateral. A técnica possibilitou completa síntese e oclusão do defeito, obtendo-se ótima recuperação pós operatória, não sendo observada deiscência de sutura ou necrose do retalho. Conclui-se que a implementação do retalho da artéria torácica lateral foi uma técnica viável na reconstrução em cotovelo após a exérese do neoplasma no paciente relatado, observando resultados satisfatórios quanto aos aspectos funcionais e cosméticos, após o período cicatricial.(AU)

Skin flaps are suitable methods of wound closure in large cutaneous defects. I The present study aims to report the use of lateral thoracic axial pattern flap to repair an elbow wound secondary to a neoplasm resection. A 10-year-old male dog weighing 12 kg was presented with a large soft tissue neoplasm in the medial aspect of the elbow. The patient underwent surgical resection of the neoplasm using the lateral thoracic cutaneous flap to achieve a complete defect closure, resulting in an excellent postoperative wound healing without suture failure or skin flap necrosis. It is concluded that the implementation of the lateral thoracic artery flap was a viable technique in elbow reconstruction after neoplasm excision in the reported patient, with satisfactory results regarding functional and cosmetic aspects after the healing period.(AU)

Retalho de padrão axial da artéria torácica lateral para reconstrução de lesão cutânea em região de cotovelo de cão: Relato de caso / Use of lateral thoracic axial pattern flap to repair cutaneous defect in a dog elbow: Case report

Os retalhos cutâneos são técnicas de escolha para reconstrução de grandes defeitos. Objetivou-se relatar o emprego do retalho de padrão axial da artéria torácica lateral em paciente com ferida cirúrgica ocasionada imediatamente após exérese de neoformação na região da articulação do cotovelo. Foi atendido paciente canino macho, 10 anos, pesando 12 kg, apresentando neoformação em tecidos moles, de grande volume, localizada na região medial do cotovelo. Como tratamento definitivo, implementou-se a exérese marginal da neoplasma seguida de reconstrução com a técnica de retalho de padrão axial da artéria torácica lateral. A técnica possibilitou completa síntese e oclusão do defeito, obtendo-se ótima recuperação pós operatória, não sendo observada deiscência de sutura ou necrose do retalho. Conclui-se que a implementação do retalho da artéria torácica lateral foi uma técnica viável na reconstrução em cotovelo após a exérese do neoplasma no paciente relatado, observando resultados satisfatórios quanto aos aspectos funcionais e cosméticos, após o período cicatricial.

Skin flaps are suitable methods of wound closure in large cutaneous defects. I The present study aims to report the use of lateral thoracic axial pattern flap to repair an elbow wound secondary to a neoplasm resection. A 10-year-old male dog weighing 12 kg was presented with a large soft tissue neoplasm in the medial aspect of the elbow. The patient underwent surgical resection of the neoplasm using the lateral thoracic cutaneous flap to achieve a complete defect closure, resulting in an excellent postoperative wound healing without suture failure or skin flap necrosis. It is concluded that the implementation of the lateral thoracic artery flap was a viable technique in elbow reconstruction after neoplasm excision in the reported patient, with satisfactory results regarding functional and cosmetic aspects after the healing period.

Flap bipedicular no tratamento de lesão cutânea traumática em membro torácico de gato: relato de caso / Bipedicular flap in the treatment of traumatic skin injury in cat thoracic member: case report

O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar a construção de um retalho direto de bolsa bipediculada com fixação apendicular à região torácica para o tratamento de lesões extensas no membro torácico direito de um gato. Foi tratado no Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, um felino de 1 ano de idade, apresentando lesão no membro torácico, após história de briga com outro animal da mesma espécie. Ao exame físico, apresentava fístula e edema no membro torácico direito. O paciente foi anestesiado e foi realizado o desbridamento das áreas desvitalizadas. Como terapia inicial, a lesão foi tratada como ferida aberta, até a formação de tecido de granulação, para posterior correção do defeito empregando retalho bipediculado em bolsa direta, com fixação temporária do membro à parede torácica. Após duas semanas, o membro foi desimplantado e os pontos foram removidos 21 dias após a aplicação do retalho. O uso do retalho permitiu completa cicatrização da ferida, sem ocorrência de hematomas, necrose ou deiscência de sutura. Conclui-se que a utilização do retalho bipedicular é aplicável ao tratamento de feridas traumáticas em membro torácico de felinos.

The aim of the present study is to report the construction of a direct bipedicled pouch flap with appendicular fixation to the thoracic region for the treatment of extensive lesions in the right thoracic limb of a cat. He was treated on Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, a 1-year-old feline, presenting injury to the thoracic limb after a history of fighting with another animal of the same species. On physical examination, he presented fistula and edema in the right thoracic limb. The patient was anesthetized and debridement of the devitalized areas was performed. As an initial therapy, the lesion was treated as an open wound until granulation tissue was formed for subsequent correction of the defect using a direct pouch bipedicled flap, with temporary fixation of the limb to the chest wall. After two weeks, the limb was unimplanted and the stitches were removed 21 days after flap application. The use of the flap allowed complete wound healing without bruising, necrosis or suture dehiscence. It is concluded that the use of bipedicular flap is applicable to the treatment of traumatic wounds in feline thoracic limb.

Use of the angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap for the correction of facial defects in six dogs

Background: Reconstructive surgery is an important area of veterinary surgery because it allows the reconstruction of large cutaneous defects in areas where a primary approach is not possible. Axial patterns flaps are composed by one direct cutaneous artery and vein, leading to a better blood supply with a good survival outcome. The angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap was introduced for correction of facial defects, but its versatility is not really explored in the existing literature. This article reports the use and complications of the angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap in six dogs, to treat defects in mandibular, temporal or labial regions. Cases: Five mixed breed dogs and one Labrador, with age between 4 and 9-year-old were submitted for surgery and the angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap was used to close the different defects. Causes of defect included a lesion caused by myiasis in three of the dogs, and tumoral removal in the other three, where two were mast cell tumors and one a keratinizing basal cell carcinoma. The regions affected included rostral mandible with oral mucosa, intermandibular region, temporal region and upper lip. Before flap confection the tissue was cleaned, resected and prepared properly, according to each cause of lesion. The flap was made with two parallel incisions, which center was usually the labial commissure, with the dorsal limits at the ventral aspect of the zygomatic arch, and the ventral incision on the ventral aspect of the mandibular ramus. Caudal extension was based on the length needed for surgical closure, but stained between the vertical auditory canal or up to atlas wing. Suture size and pattern depend the region and patient size. Patients were observed closely for any complication in the surgical site. From the six dogs presented here, five got some complications in the surgical site, including: lymphedema (2), suture dehiscence (4) and hematoma (1); however...

Flap bipedicular no tratamento de lesão cutânea traumática em membro torácico de gato: relato de caso / Bipedicular flap in the treatment of traumatic skin injury in cat thoracic member: case report

O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar a construção de um retalho direto de bolsa bipediculada com fixação apendicular à região torácica para o tratamento de lesões extensas no membro torácico direito de um gato. Foi tratado no Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, um felino de 1 ano de idade, apresentando lesão no membro torácico, após história de briga com outro animal da mesma espécie. Ao exame físico, apresentava fístula e edema no membro torácico direito. O paciente foi anestesiado e foi realizado o desbridamento das áreas desvitalizadas. Como terapia inicial, a lesão foi tratada como ferida aberta, até a formação de tecido de granulação, para posterior correção do defeito empregando retalho bipediculado em bolsa direta, com fixação temporária do membro à parede torácica. Após duas semanas, o membro foi desimplantado e os pontos foram removidos 21 dias após a aplicação do retalho. O uso do retalho permitiu completa cicatrização da ferida, sem ocorrência de hematomas, necrose ou deiscência de sutura. Conclui-se que a utilização do retalho bipedicular é aplicável ao tratamento de feridas traumáticas em membro torácico de felinos.(AU)

The aim of the present study is to report the construction of a direct bipedicled pouch flap with appendicular fixation to the thoracic region for the treatment of extensive lesions in the right thoracic limb of a cat. He was treated on Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, a 1-year-old feline, presenting injury to the thoracic limb after a history of fighting with another animal of the same species. On physical examination, he presented fistula and edema in the right thoracic limb. The patient was anesthetized and debridement of the devitalized areas was performed. As an initial therapy, the lesion was treated as an open wound until granulation tissue was formed for subsequent correction of the defect using a direct pouch bipedicled flap, with temporary fixation of the limb to the chest wall. After two weeks, the limb was unimplanted and the stitches were removed 21 days after flap application. The use of the flap allowed complete wound healing without bruising, necrosis or suture dehiscence. It is concluded that the use of bipedicular flap is applicable to the treatment of traumatic wounds in feline thoracic limb.(AU)

Use of the angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap for the correction of facial defects in six dogs

Background: Reconstructive surgery is an important area of veterinary surgery because it allows the reconstruction of large cutaneous defects in areas where a primary approach is not possible. Axial patterns flaps are composed by one direct cutaneous artery and vein, leading to a better blood supply with a good survival outcome. The angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap was introduced for correction of facial defects, but its versatility is not really explored in the existing literature. This article reports the use and complications of the angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap in six dogs, to treat defects in mandibular, temporal or labial regions. Cases: Five mixed breed dogs and one Labrador, with age between 4 and 9-year-old were submitted for surgery and the angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap was used to close the different defects. Causes of defect included a lesion caused by myiasis in three of the dogs, and tumoral removal in the other three, where two were mast cell tumors and one a keratinizing basal cell carcinoma. The regions affected included rostral mandible with oral mucosa, intermandibular region, temporal region and upper lip. Before flap confection the tissue was cleaned, resected and prepared properly, according to each cause of lesion. The flap was made with two parallel incisions, which center was usually the labial commissure, with the dorsal limits at the ventral aspect of the zygomatic arch, and the ventral incision on the ventral aspect of the mandibular ramus. Caudal extension was based on the length needed for surgical closure, but stained between the vertical auditory canal or up to atlas wing. Suture size and pattern depend the region and patient size. Patients were observed closely for any complication in the surgical site. From the six dogs presented here, five got some complications in the surgical site, including: lymphedema (2), suture dehiscence (4) and hematoma (1); however...(AU)

The use of tubular subdermal and axial flaps in the correction of four cases of extensive lesions / Retalhos tubulares subdérmicos e axiais utilizados em quatro casos de correção de lesões extensa

The most common skin lesions in small animals result from trauma, burns, or surgical resection of large tumors. Given the high importance of reconstructive surgery associated with tumors in small animals, this study reports four cases of reconstructive surgery using subcutaneous and axial tubular flaps in animals with neoplastic lesions. Subdermal and axial tubular flaps are healthy alternatives for reconstructing wounds caused by large tumor resection in areas with poor tissue elasticity.(AU)

As lesões mais comuns na pele de animais de pequeno porte são causadas por trauma, queimaduras ou ressecção cirúrgica de grandes tumores, sendo as doenças oncológicas as principais causas para a utilização de técnicas de cirurgia reconstrutiva. Entretanto, os cirurgiões precisam ter um sólido domínio de técnicas de excisão e reconstrução, compreender a biologia do tumor e aplicar terapias adjuvantes ou alternativas, garantindo o sucesso da cirurgia. Dada a grande importância de cirurgias reconstrutivas associadas a tumores em animais de pequeno porte, este estudo teve como objetivo relatar quatro casos utilizando técnicas de cirurgia reconstrutiva por meio de retalhos tubulares subcutâneos, bem como retalhos tubulares axiais como opção de tratamento em pacientes com lesões neoplásicas. Sendo assim, o emprego de retalhos tubulares subcutâneos e de retalhos tubulares axiais, são boas alternativas para a reconstrução de feridas criadas pela ressecção de grandes tumores em áreas com baixa elasticidade do tecido.(AU)

Perineal hernia in dogs: which technique should we use?

Background: Perineal hernia may be unilateral or bilateral and results from weakening and separation of the pelvic diaphragm muscles, favoring the abdominal viscera herniation into the perineal subcutaneous. The factors described as possible etiology of this affection are prostate hyperplasia, senile muscular atrophy, myopathy and hormonal imbalances. Several herniorrhaphy techniques are available in literature presenting different rates of success leaving the question whether there is any technique that is predominantly better than others are. This case report aims to describe five cases of perineal hernia treated with four different techniques performed by four experienced surgeons.Cases: Case 1. Semitendinous muscle transposition: A 8-year-old intact male Shitzu (6 kg) was referred for the evaluation of a swelling in the right perineal region. The mass was soft and regressed into de pelvic cavity during palpation. Abdominal ultrasound and radiography were taken, which reveled perineal hernia and a mild prostate enlargement. The patient was prepared for hernia repair with semitendinous muscle transposition and orchiectomy. Case 2. Internal obturator muscle transposition: A 9-year-old intact male mixed breed dog (18kg) presenting a two-week long unilateral (right-side) perineral hernia. Ultrasound exam revealed a cystic prostate and adipose tissue as the hernia content. After clinical and image examination the patient was submitted to surgical repair using the internal obturator muscle transposition technique and orchiectomy. Case 3. Internal obturator muscle transposition associated to correction of rectal sacculation: A 12-year-old intact male mixed breed presenting swelling on the right side of the perianal region. The owner reported a 4-day long aquesia, emesis and increased volume in perineum for 6 months. During the rectal palpation, resected fecal content was present and rectal sacculation was suspected...

Perineal hernia in dogs: which technique should we use?

Background: Perineal hernia may be unilateral or bilateral and results from weakening and separation of the pelvic diaphragm muscles, favoring the abdominal viscera herniation into the perineal subcutaneous. The factors described as possible etiology of this affection are prostate hyperplasia, senile muscular atrophy, myopathy and hormonal imbalances. Several herniorrhaphy techniques are available in literature presenting different rates of success leaving the question whether there is any technique that is predominantly better than others are. This case report aims to describe five cases of perineal hernia treated with four different techniques performed by four experienced surgeons.Cases: Case 1. Semitendinous muscle transposition: A 8-year-old intact male Shitzu (6 kg) was referred for the evaluation of a swelling in the right perineal region. The mass was soft and regressed into de pelvic cavity during palpation. Abdominal ultrasound and radiography were taken, which reveled perineal hernia and a mild prostate enlargement. The patient was prepared for hernia repair with semitendinous muscle transposition and orchiectomy. Case 2. Internal obturator muscle transposition: A 9-year-old intact male mixed breed dog (18kg) presenting a two-week long unilateral (right-side) perineral hernia. Ultrasound exam revealed a cystic prostate and adipose tissue as the hernia content. After clinical and image examination the patient was submitted to surgical repair using the internal obturator muscle transposition technique and orchiectomy. Case 3. Internal obturator muscle transposition associated to correction of rectal sacculation: A 12-year-old intact male mixed breed presenting swelling on the right side of the perianal region. The owner reported a 4-day long aquesia, emesis and increased volume in perineum for 6 months. During the rectal palpation, resected fecal content was present and rectal sacculation was suspected...(AU)

Reconstructive surgical repair of a forth degree iatrogenic burn in a dog

Background: Burns are uncommon in small animal surgery routine and represents a real therapeutic challenge. Skin can be affect in different degrees of deepness as superficial, partial thickness, full thickness and full thickness affecting underlying tissues. Each degree has individual features. Progression through degrees can occur in the first 24 h or if treatment is inadequate. This paper aims to describe therapeutic approach and surgical technique to treat a huge dorsal iatrogenic thermal burn injury.Case: A 4-year-old female German Shepard was referred to veterinary hospital after 11 days of elective ovariosalpingohisterectomy. The patient presented a severe skin injury with crusts, eschars, purulent discharge and myiasis on dorsal cervical, thoracic and lumbar region. Beside severity of the wound, animal present good general status and normal vital signs. Complete blood count and biochemical analysis were within normal ranges. Histopathologic analysis of a wound tissue sample revealed the presence of coagulation necrosis and inflammatory response. The absence of traumatic events, histopathologic result and wound features increased suspicious of an iatrogenic burn injury from a poorly regulated thermal mattress used during surgical intervention. Rule of Nines was estimated as 25% of total body surface area. Systemic antibiotics and topical treatment with 0.05% [...]

Reconstructive surgical repair of a forth degree iatrogenic burn in a dog

Background: Burns are uncommon in small animal surgery routine and represents a real therapeutic challenge. Skin can be affect in different degrees of deepness as superficial, partial thickness, full thickness and full thickness affecting underlying tissues. Each degree has individual features. Progression through degrees can occur in the first 24 h or if treatment is inadequate. This paper aims to describe therapeutic approach and surgical technique to treat a huge dorsal iatrogenic thermal burn injury.Case: A 4-year-old female German Shepard was referred to veterinary hospital after 11 days of elective ovariosalpingohisterectomy. The patient presented a severe skin injury with crusts, eschars, purulent discharge and myiasis on dorsal cervical, thoracic and lumbar region. Beside severity of the wound, animal present good general status and normal vital signs. Complete blood count and biochemical analysis were within normal ranges. Histopathologic analysis of a wound tissue sample revealed the presence of coagulation necrosis and inflammatory response. The absence of traumatic events, histopathologic result and wound features increased suspicious of an iatrogenic burn injury from a poorly regulated thermal mattress used during surgical intervention. Rule of Nines was estimated as 25% of total body surface area. Systemic antibiotics and topical treatment with 0.05% [...](AU)

Intermuscular Lipoma in Dogs

Background: Lipoma is a benign tumor composed of mature adipose tissue commonly found in subcutaneous tissues. However, eventually, lipomas may be located between the muscle fasciae being classified as intermuscular lipomas. Complete surgical resection of the tumor mass is indicated as a treatment of affected patients.This report describes five cases of intermuscular lipoma in dogs, due to the scarcity of data in the literature and lipoma relative importance in the clinical and surgical routine. Case: Five dogs were presented with a history of a large volume in the limbs with progressive growth, suggesting the presence of neoplasia. The first step was to conduct anamnesis, when the owner reported slow growth, absence of pain, limping and licking of site. No other change was observed upon physical examination. Complete blood count (CBC) as well as liver assessment (FA) and renal (creatinine) were performed in all patients, and the results showed no changes. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed and showed cells from adipose tissue, followed by histopathological examination of the lesions. Histopathological examination after incisional biopsy of the tumors showed malignancy-free tissue, composed of adipocytes without atypia, interspersed with fibrovascular stroma, confirming the lipoma diagnosis. Intermuscular lipomas were diagnosed in five dogs with a history of a [...]

Mixed epigastric axial pattern flap following cutaneous hemangiosarcoma excision in a male dog

Background: Axial pattern flaps use direct cutaneous arteries to enable closure of a skin defect using a large skin segment. Caudal epigastric axial pattern flaps are highly versatile owing to their wide arc of rotation, which includes the preputial area. The presence of abundant loose and elastic skin allows wider flaps. Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant neoplasm of endothelial cells with aggressive local behavior and high metastatic rate; the lungs are the most common site of metastasis. This case report aims to describe the use of a caudal epigastric artery-based flap, with preservation of some cranial epigastric artery branches for penis sparing, following resection of a hemangiosarcoma in the right inguinal region of a male dog. Case: An eight-year-old male Pitt Bull dog was referred with a 15 cm, ulcerated hemangiosarcoma in the right inguinal region, near the prepuce. A similar tumor had been removed from the same location two years before. Previous treatment with oral prednisone did not provide satisfactory results. The patient was suffering from intense chronic blood loss and bacterial infection of the tumor tissue. Thoracic radiographs revealed multiple metastatic nodules. Only mild regenerative anemia was found in blood tests. Considerable reductions in tumor size and in the ulcerated surface, decrease in bleeding, and recovery of appetite were observed after 7 [...]

Mixed epigastric axial pattern flap following cutaneous hemangiosarcoma excision in a male dog

Background: Axial pattern flaps use direct cutaneous arteries to enable closure of a skin defect using a large skin segment. Caudal epigastric axial pattern flaps are highly versatile owing to their wide arc of rotation, which includes the preputial area. The presence of abundant loose and elastic skin allows wider flaps. Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant neoplasm of endothelial cells with aggressive local behavior and high metastatic rate; the lungs are the most common site of metastasis. This case report aims to describe the use of a caudal epigastric artery-based flap, with preservation of some cranial epigastric artery branches for penis sparing, following resection of a hemangiosarcoma in the right inguinal region of a male dog. Case: An eight-year-old male Pitt Bull dog was referred with a 15 cm, ulcerated hemangiosarcoma in the right inguinal region, near the prepuce. A similar tumor had been removed from the same location two years before. Previous treatment with oral prednisone did not provide satisfactory results. The patient was suffering from intense chronic blood loss and bacterial infection of the tumor tissue. Thoracic radiographs revealed multiple metastatic nodules. Only mild regenerative anemia was found in blood tests. Considerable reductions in tumor size and in the ulcerated surface, decrease in bleeding, and recovery of appetite were observed after 7 [...](AU)

Intermuscular Lipoma in Dogs

Background: Lipoma is a benign tumor composed of mature adipose tissue commonly found in subcutaneous tissues. However, eventually, lipomas may be located between the muscle fasciae being classified as intermuscular lipomas. Complete surgical resection of the tumor mass is indicated as a treatment of affected patients.This report describes five cases of intermuscular lipoma in dogs, due to the scarcity of data in the literature and lipoma relative importance in the clinical and surgical routine. Case: Five dogs were presented with a history of a large volume in the limbs with progressive growth, suggesting the presence of neoplasia. The first step was to conduct anamnesis, when the owner reported slow growth, absence of pain, limping and licking of site. No other change was observed upon physical examination. Complete blood count (CBC) as well as liver assessment (FA) and renal (creatinine) were performed in all patients, and the results showed no changes. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed and showed cells from adipose tissue, followed by histopathological examination of the lesions. Histopathological examination after incisional biopsy of the tumors showed malignancy-free tissue, composed of adipocytes without atypia, interspersed with fibrovascular stroma, confirming the lipoma diagnosis. Intermuscular lipomas were diagnosed in five dogs with a history of a [...](AU)

Right laparoscopic adrenalectomy in a bitch

Background: The medical procedure of Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is common in human medicine; however, this is not true in veterinary medicine, where it isperformed rarely. The current treatment of choice for adrenal neoplasms is total adrenalectomy, unless there is a pre-operativediagnosis of metastasis that precludes surgery. The laparoscopic approach option becomes an interesting alternative because, through this technique,it has shown good results. In this report, we demonstrate the experience of a case in which we performed unilateral laparoscopic right adrenalectomy, without caudal vena cava invasion, in a dogsuffering from hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical carcinoma. Case: A 9-year-old beagle bitch, 12 kg in weight, showedpolyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, pendular abdomen, thin and dark skin, lumbar alopecic areas and lethargy. The team carried out Complete Blood Count (CBC), blood chemistry (liver and renal functions) and urine sampling by cystocentesis for urinalysis and bacterial culture. All exams had normal results, except for ALP, which reached levels higher than 150 UIL-1. On abdominal radiographic examination, we noted mild adrenal enlargement, and by ultrasonography, it was possible to identify adrenal asymmetry and right adrenal enlargement (2.8x2x2.15 cm) in relation to the left gland (2x1x1.5 cm). As a treatment for adrenal neoplasm-dependent HAC [...]

Right laparoscopic adrenalectomy in a bitch

Background: The medical procedure of Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is common in human medicine; however, this is not true in veterinary medicine, where it isperformed rarely. The current treatment of choice for adrenal neoplasms is total adrenalectomy, unless there is a pre-operativediagnosis of metastasis that precludes surgery. The laparoscopic approach option becomes an interesting alternative because, through this technique,it has shown good results. In this report, we demonstrate the experience of a case in which we performed unilateral laparoscopic right adrenalectomy, without caudal vena cava invasion, in a dogsuffering from hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical carcinoma. Case: A 9-year-old beagle bitch, 12 kg in weight, showedpolyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, pendular abdomen, thin and dark skin, lumbar alopecic areas and lethargy. The team carried out Complete Blood Count (CBC), blood chemistry (liver and renal functions) and urine sampling by cystocentesis for urinalysis and bacterial culture. All exams had normal results, except for ALP, which reached levels higher than 150 UIL-1. On abdominal radiographic examination, we noted mild adrenal enlargement, and by ultrasonography, it was possible to identify adrenal asymmetry and right adrenal enlargement (2.8x2x2.15 cm) in relation to the left gland (2x1x1.5 cm). As a treatment for adrenal neoplasm-dependent HAC [...](AU)

Splenic abscess in a dog

Background: Splenic abscesses are rare in dogs, representing less than 1% of splenic injuries. Therefore, it has been seldom reported. The cases reported in veterinary medicine suggest trauma as the main cause of abscess formation in this organ. Due to the lack of information about the subject, the aim of this paper is to report the case and treatment of a splenic abscess in a dog. Case: A 4-year-old intact female Bernese Mountain dog was referred to the veterinary hospital with apathy and abdominal pain. The owner related estrous followed by artificial insemination three weeks prior to the referral. On physical exam the patient was mildly dehydrated and presented pale mucosal. Besides the abdominal pain and prostration, others signs were not found. The ultrasound images suggested uterine fluid collection and peritonitis. The patient was referred to laparotomy. During the procedure the uterus was normal, however it was verified peritonitis and a splenic mass of 15x10x5 cm. A total splenectomy was performed to remove the mass and two drains were placed in order to treat the inflammation of the peritoneum. The spleen with the mass was sent to histological examination and subcapsular splenic abscess was diagnosed. After the surgery, the patient was treated with antibiotics and lavage of abdominal cavity until the complete recovery. At the end of the eighth day post-surgery the dog.(AU)

Splenic abscess in a dog

Background: Splenic abscesses are rare in dogs, representing less than 1% of splenic injuries. Therefore, it has been seldom reported. The cases reported in veterinary medicine suggest trauma as the main cause of abscess formation in this organ. Due to the lack of information about the subject, the aim of this paper is to report the case and treatment of a splenic abscess in a dog. Case: A 4-year-old intact female Bernese Mountain dog was referred to the veterinary hospital with apathy and abdominal pain. The owner related estrous followed by artificial insemination three weeks prior to the referral. On physical exam the patient was mildly dehydrated and presented pale mucosal. Besides the abdominal pain and prostration, others signs were not found. The ultrasound images suggested uterine fluid collection and peritonitis. The patient was referred to laparotomy. During the procedure the uterus was normal, however it was verified peritonitis and a splenic mass of 15x10x5 cm. A total splenectomy was performed to remove the mass and two drains were placed in order to treat the inflammation of the peritoneum. The spleen with the mass was sent to histological examination and subcapsular splenic abscess was diagnosed. After the surgery, the patient was treated with antibiotics and lavage of abdominal cavity until the complete recovery. At the end of the eighth day post-surgery the dog.