Lateral patellar luxation and Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS) in a dog

Background: Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by a deficiency in collagen synthesis,which can result in joint laxity. Patellar luxation is one of the main orthopedic conditions that affect the canine knee joint,with limited descriptions of its association with EDS in dogs. The purpose of this report is to describe the surgical management and postoperative evolution of a 1-year-old Chow Chow dog with grade II patellar luxation, tibial valgus and EDS.Case: A 1-year-old Chow Chow dog was referred to the University Veterinary Hospital due to lameness of the left pelvicfor 3 months. At the orthopedic examination were verified severe lameness and lateral deviation of the left stifle joint during the ambulation of the animal. Additionally, it was verified bilateral hyperextension of the tibiotarsal joint and grade IIpatellar luxation of both pelvic limbs with painful hyperextension of the left stifle joint. Radiographic evaluation showedlateral displacement of the patella from both femoral trochlear groove, and a valgus deviation of the proximal left tibialshaft. In addition, it was verified cutaneous hyperextensibility and an extensibility index suggestive of EDS. The animalwas submitted to trochlear block resection technique and medial imbrication, followed by corrective tibial osteotomy.Furthermore, skin biopsies of the scapular and lumbar folds were performed during the corrective tibial osteotomy. Thesamples were sent for histopathological examination, which revealed fragmented and unorganized collagen fibers in thedermis. Histopathological findings were compatible with EDS. The absence of lameness and correct positioning of thepatella in the trochlear sulcus were verified in the post-surgical follow-up. Complete bone consolidation of the closingwedge osteotomy to correct the tibial...

Lateral patellar luxation and Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS) in a dog

Background: Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by a deficiency in collagen synthesis,which can result in joint laxity. Patellar luxation is one of the main orthopedic conditions that affect the canine knee joint,with limited descriptions of its association with EDS in dogs. The purpose of this report is to describe the surgical management and postoperative evolution of a 1-year-old Chow Chow dog with grade II patellar luxation, tibial valgus and EDS.Case: A 1-year-old Chow Chow dog was referred to the University Veterinary Hospital due to lameness of the left pelvicfor 3 months. At the orthopedic examination were verified severe lameness and lateral deviation of the left stifle joint during the ambulation of the animal. Additionally, it was verified bilateral hyperextension of the tibiotarsal joint and grade IIpatellar luxation of both pelvic limbs with painful hyperextension of the left stifle joint. Radiographic evaluation showedlateral displacement of the patella from both femoral trochlear groove, and a valgus deviation of the proximal left tibialshaft. In addition, it was verified cutaneous hyperextensibility and an extensibility index suggestive of EDS. The animalwas submitted to trochlear block resection technique and medial imbrication, followed by corrective tibial osteotomy.Furthermore, skin biopsies of the scapular and lumbar folds were performed during the corrective tibial osteotomy. Thesamples were sent for histopathological examination, which revealed fragmented and unorganized collagen fibers in thedermis. Histopathological findings were compatible with EDS. The absence of lameness and correct positioning of thepatella in the trochlear sulcus were verified in the post-surgical follow-up. Complete bone consolidation of the closingwedge osteotomy to correct the tibial...(AU)

Análise da expressão de MMP-2 e MMP-9 na pele de cães com Leishmaniose visceral

Os cães infectados pelo protozoário Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi podem ou não apresentar sinais clínicos dessa zoonose e são a principal fonte de infecção para o homem. A pele é o primeiro órgão infectado pelo parasito na LVC. As enzimas metaloproteinases da matriz (MMPs) atuam na degradação da matriz extracelular (MEC) e na modulação da resposta inflamatória, frente a vários tipos de injúrias. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão de MMP-2 e MMP-9, por meio da técnica de imuno-histoquímica e zimografia na pele de cães naturalmente acometidos por LVC e comparar estes resultados com a imunodetecção das citocinas TNF-? e TGF-? e do protozoário Leishmania, com as possíveis alterações da matriz extracelular dermal. A alteração da composição de fibras colágenas da derme foi avaliada pela coloração PicroSirius. O método foi usado para diferenciar fibras colágenas dos tipos I e III, nas regiões do focinho, orelha e abdômen. A carga parasitária, intensidade de inflamação e a produção de MMP 2 e 9 foram maiores nas regiões cutâneas da orelha e focinho. Os macrófagos, linfócitos e plasmócitos predominaram no infiltrado inflamatório da derme superficial, formando granulomas, associados a degradação do colágeno maduro (tipo I) e a discreta deposição de colágeno jovem (tipo III), com maior intensidade nos cães com elevada carga parasitária cutânea. O TGF-? foi detectado nos três grupos de cães infectados (assintomático, oligossintomático e sintomático), sem diferenças significativas entre eles. O TNF-? não foi detectado na maioria dos animais infectados e no grupo controle. Conclui-se que quanto maior a carga parasitária e a intensidade de inflamação na pele, maior a degradação do colágeno maduro, produção de MMPs 2 e 9 e produção de TGF-?. A MMP-9 ativa poderia ser utilizada...

Dogs infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi may or may not show clinical signs of the zoonosis and they are the main source of infection for man. The skin is the first organ infected by the parasite in the LVC. The enzyme matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) act on the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and in the inflammatory response modulation against many kinds of injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by immuno-histochemistry and zymography in the skin of dogs naturally affected by LVC and the immunodetection of TNF-? and TGF-? and of Leishmania and compare these results with the possible alterations of dermal extracellular matrix. The method was used to differentiate collagen fibers in the dermis was evaluated by Picrosirius red staining to differentiate collagen types I and III, in regions of the nose, ear and abdomen. The parasite load, intensity of inflammation, increased production of MMP 2 and 9 were higher in regions of the ear and muzzle. Macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells predominated in the inflammatory infiltrate of the superficial dermis, forming granulomas, associated with degradation of mature collagen (type I) and the discrete deposition of the young collagen (type III), with greater intensity in dogs with high parasite load skin. The TGF-? was detected in all groups of infected dogs (asymptomatic, oligosymptomatic and symptomatic), no significant differences among them. The TNF-? was not detected in most infected animals and the control group. It follows that the greater is the intensity of parasitic load and inflammation of the skin, the greater is the degradation of mature collagen, the production of MMPs and 2 and 9, production of TGF-?. Active MMP-9 could be used as a marker of inflammation in infected dogs. This profile of the...