Fecaloma em gato: relato de caso / Fecaloma in cat: case report

É denominado fecaloma quando as fezes estão retidas e ressecadas no interior do colón. O animal pode apresentar sinais clínicos como dificuldade de defecar, vômitos, constipação, apatia, tenesmo e hematoquesia. Ocorrem com maior incidência em felinos devida seus hábitos comportamentais de higiene, principalmente pela ingestão de pelos e também pela recusa de defecação ao encontrar o local sujo. Outro fator desencadeante é a baixa ingestão de agua. O presente estudo tem por objetivo relatar o caso de um fecaloma grave em um felino macho, de nome Chuleke, RG 35866, raça S.R.D., pelagem preta, quatro anos de idade. O animal foi submetido ao procedimento cirúrgico de enterotomia e após sete meses retornou ao hospital veterinário da UNOESTE com recidiva do quadro, onde foi realizado novamente o procedimento anterior. Neste caso, foi recomendado alimentação pastosa por toda a vida, devido a sua predisposição ao fecaloma.

It is called fecaloma when the stool is retained and resected inside the colon. The patient may present clinical signs such as difficulty in defecating, vomiting, constipation, apathy, tenesmus and hematochezia. They occur with greater incidence in felines due to their behavioral hygiene habits, mainly by the ingestion of hairs and also by the refusal of defecation when finding the dirty place. Another triggering factor is the low water intake. This study aims to report the case of a severe fecal impaction in a male feline, mixed breed, black coat, four years old. The patient was submitted to the surgical procedure of enterotomy and after seven months returned to the veterinary hospital of UNOESTE with recurrence of the condition, where the previous procedure was performed again. In this case, pasty feeding was recommended throughout life, due to its predisposition to the fecaloma.

Fecaloma em gato: relato de caso / Fecaloma in cat: case report

É denominado fecaloma quando as fezes estão retidas e ressecadas no interior do colón. O animal pode apresentar sinais clínicos como dificuldade de defecar, vômitos, constipação, apatia, tenesmo e hematoquesia. Ocorrem com maior incidência em felinos devida seus hábitos comportamentais de higiene, principalmente pela ingestão de pelos e também pela recusa de defecação ao encontrar o local sujo. Outro fator desencadeante é a baixa ingestão de agua. O presente estudo tem por objetivo relatar o caso de um fecaloma grave em um felino macho, de nome Chuleke, RG 35866, raça S.R.D., pelagem preta, quatro anos de idade. O animal foi submetido ao procedimento cirúrgico de enterotomia e após sete meses retornou ao hospital veterinário da UNOESTE com recidiva do quadro, onde foi realizado novamente o procedimento anterior. Neste caso, foi recomendado alimentação pastosa por toda a vida, devido a sua predisposição ao fecaloma.(AU)

It is called fecaloma when the stool is retained and resected inside the colon. The patient may present clinical signs such as difficulty in defecating, vomiting, constipation, apathy, tenesmus and hematochezia. They occur with greater incidence in felines due to their behavioral hygiene habits, mainly by the ingestion of hairs and also by the refusal of defecation when finding the dirty place. Another triggering factor is the low water intake. This study aims to report the case of a severe fecal impaction in a male feline, mixed breed, black coat, four years old. The patient was submitted to the surgical procedure of enterotomy and after seven months returned to the veterinary hospital of UNOESTE with recurrence of the condition, where the previous procedure was performed again. In this case, pasty feeding was recommended throughout life, due to its predisposition to the fecaloma.(AU)

Ex vivo and in vivo study of Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in the measurement of intraocular pressure in cats / Estudo ex vivo e in vivo do uso do tonômetro de aplanação Kowa HA-2 na medição da pressão intraocular em gatos

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer inmeasuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in cats. Ten healthy eyes were used in an ex vivo study in whichthe calibration curve for manometry vs. tonometry was determined by artificially raising the IOP in 5mmHg increments up to 60 mmHg (10-60 mmHg). Both eyes of 10 anesthetized cats were studiedin vivoto compare manometry vs. tonometry. In the ambulatory study, 78 healthy eyes, 7 eyes with glaucomaand 20 eyes with uveitis were evaluated by tonometry, which was performed with topical anesthesia and1% fluorescein eye drops for the formation of fluorescein semicircles. The correlation coefficient (r²)between the manometer and the Kowa HA-2 tonometer was 0.993 and the linear regression equationwas y = 0.0915x + 0.0878 in the ex-vivo study. In the in vivo study, the IOP values (mean±SD, inmmHg) in manometry were 15.6 ± 1.1(14.0 – 17.5) and in tonometry were 15.5 ± 1.2(13.5 – 17.2),with no significant difference (P > 0.05) between manometry and tonometry. In ambulatory study, usingthe Kowa HA-2 tonometer, the IOP values (mean±SD, in mmHg) were 15.0 ± 1.5 (11.8 – 18.3) for thehealthy eyes, 38.4 ± 8.1(29.6 – 53.7) for glaucomatous eyes and 10.4 ± 2.0(5.3 – 12.2) for eyes withuveitis. There was a strong correlation and accuracy between the IOP values with the manometry andthe Kowa HA-2 tonometer. In the ambulatorystudy the IOP values obtained with the tonometer werecompatible for animals with healthy eyes and with clinical signs of glaucoma and uveitis. We concludethat the Kowa HA-2 tonometer can be used in the measurement of IOP in cats, since it is a practical andaccurate method in this species.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso do tonômetro de aplanação Kowa HA-2 na aferição da pressãointraocular (PIO) em gatos. Dez olhos saudáveis foram utilizados em um estudo ex vivo no qual a curva de calibração para manometria versus tonometria foi determinada por elevação artificial da PIO emincrementos de 5 mmHg até 60 mmHg (10-60 mmHg). Ambos os olhos de 10 gatos anestesiados foramutilizados no estudo in vivo para comparar a manometria versus a tonometria. No estudo ambulatorial,78 olhos saudáveis, 7 olhos com glaucoma e 20 olhos com uveíte foram avaliados pela tonometria, quefoi realizada com anestesia tópica e colírio de fluoresceína a 1% para a formação de semicírculos defluoresceína. O coeficiente de correlação (r²) entre o manômetro e o tonômetro Kowa HA-2 foi de 0,993e a equação de regressão linear foi y = 0,0915x + 0,0878 no estudo ex-vivo. No estudo in vivo, os valoresde PIO (média ± DP, em mmHg) na manometria foram de 15,6 ± 1,1(14.0 –17.5) e na tonometria foi de15,5 ± 1,2(13.5 –17.2), sem diferença significativa (P > 0,05) entre manometria e tonometria. No estudoambulatorial, com o tonômetro Kowa HA-2, os valores de PIO (média ± DP, em mmHg) foram 15,0 ±1,5(11.8–18.3) para os olhos saudáveis, 38,4 ± 8,1(29.6 –53.7) para os olhos glaucomatosos e 10,4 ±2,0(5.3 –12.2) para os olhos com uveíte. Houve uma forte correlação e acurácia entre os valores de PIOcom a manometria eo tonômetro Kowa HA-2. No estudo ambulatorial os valores de PIO obtidos como tonômetro foram compatíveis para animais com olhos saudáveis e com sinais clínicos de glaucoma euveíte. Conclui-se que o tonômetro Kowa HA-2 pode ser utilizado na medição da PIO em gatos, por serum método prático e preciso nessa espécie.

Ex vivo and in vivo study of Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in the measurement of intraocular pressure in cats / Estudo ex vivo e in vivo do uso do tonômetro de aplanação Kowa HA-2 na medição da pressão intraocular em gatos

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer inmeasuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in cats. Ten healthy eyes were used in an ex vivo study in whichthe calibration curve for manometry vs. tonometry was determined by artificially raising the IOP in 5mmHg increments up to 60 mmHg (10-60 mmHg). Both eyes of 10 anesthetized cats were studiedin vivoto compare manometry vs. tonometry. In the ambulatory study, 78 healthy eyes, 7 eyes with glaucomaand 20 eyes with uveitis were evaluated by tonometry, which was performed with topical anesthesia and1% fluorescein eye drops for the formation of fluorescein semicircles. The correlation coefficient (r²)between the manometer and the Kowa HA-2 tonometer was 0.993 and the linear regression equationwas y = 0.0915x + 0.0878 in the ex-vivo study. In the in vivo study, the IOP values (mean±SD, inmmHg) in manometry were 15.6 ± 1.1(14.0 17.5) and in tonometry were 15.5 ± 1.2(13.5 17.2),with no significant difference (P > 0.05) between manometry and tonometry. In ambulatory study, usingthe Kowa HA-2 tonometer, the IOP values (mean±SD, in mmHg) were 15.0 ± 1.5 (11.8 18.3) for thehealthy eyes, 38.4 ± 8.1(29.6 53.7) for glaucomatous eyes and 10.4 ± 2.0(5.3 12.2) for eyes withuveitis. There was a strong correlation and accuracy between the IOP values with the manometry andthe Kowa HA-2 tonometer. In the ambulatorystudy the IOP values obtained with the tonometer werecompatible for animals with healthy eyes and with clinical signs of glaucoma and uveitis. We concludethat the Kowa HA-2 tonometer can be used in the measurement of IOP in cats, since it is a practical andaccurate method in this species.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso do tonômetro de aplanação Kowa HA-2 na aferição da pressãointraocular (PIO) em gatos. Dez olhos saudáveis foram utilizados em um estudo ex vivo no qual a curva de calibração para manometria versus tonometria foi determinada por elevação artificial da PIO emincrementos de 5 mmHg até 60 mmHg (10-60 mmHg). Ambos os olhos de 10 gatos anestesiados foramutilizados no estudo in vivo para comparar a manometria versus a tonometria. No estudo ambulatorial,78 olhos saudáveis, 7 olhos com glaucoma e 20 olhos com uveíte foram avaliados pela tonometria, quefoi realizada com anestesia tópica e colírio de fluoresceína a 1% para a formação de semicírculos defluoresceína. O coeficiente de correlação (r²) entre o manômetro e o tonômetro Kowa HA-2 foi de 0,993e a equação de regressão linear foi y = 0,0915x + 0,0878 no estudo ex-vivo. No estudo in vivo, os valoresde PIO (média ± DP, em mmHg) na manometria foram de 15,6 ± 1,1(14.0 –17.5) e na tonometria foi de15,5 ± 1,2(13.5 –17.2), sem diferença significativa (P > 0,05) entre manometria e tonometria. No estudoambulatorial, com o tonômetro Kowa HA-2, os valores de PIO (média ± DP, em mmHg) foram 15,0 ±1,5(11.8–18.3) para os olhos saudáveis, 38,4 ± 8,1(29.6 –53.7) para os olhos glaucomatosos e 10,4 ±2,0(5.3 –12.2) para os olhos com uveíte. Houve uma forte correlação e acurácia entre os valores de PIOcom a manometria eo tonômetro Kowa HA-2. No estudo ambulatorial os valores de PIO obtidos como tonômetro foram compatíveis para animais com olhos saudáveis e com sinais clínicos de glaucoma euveíte. Conclui-se que o tonômetro Kowa HA-2 pode ser utilizado na medição da PIO em gatos, por serum método prático e preciso nessa espécie.(AU)

Analgesic comparison of systemic lidocaine, morphine or lidocaine plus morphine infusion in dogs undergoing fracture repair

To compare the postoperative analgesic effects of lidocaine, morphine and lidocaine plus morphine administered by constant rate infusion (CRI) and analyzing their effects on opioid requirements after orthopedic surgery in dogs. Twenty-four dogs underwent fracture repairs were premedicated with IM acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) combined with morphine (0.3mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with IV propofol (4 to 5 mg/ kg) and maintained with isoflurane. The dogs were randomly assigned to 3 groups and administered a CRI IV of lidocaine (T-L), morphine (T-M) or lidocaine plus morphine (T-LM) at the same doses. Postoperative analgesia was assessed for 24 hours using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (GCPS). Rescue analgesia was performed if the evaluation score exceeded 50% of the VAS and/or 33% of the GCPS. The pain score and postoperative opioid requirements did not differ among the treatments. Rescue analgesia was administered to 1/8 dogs in the T-M and T-LM, and to 3/8 dogs in the T-L. Lidocaine, morphine or lidocaine/morphine CRI may be efficacious techniques for pain management in the first 24 hours post-surgery. However, the two drugs administered together did not reduce the postoperative opioid requirement in dogs undergoing fracture repair. Key words: Anesthesia. Analgesics. Analgesics, Opioid. Lidocaine. Morphine. Dogs.(AU)

Extradural anesthesia with lidocaine combined with fentanyl or methadone to ovariohisterectomy in dogs

PURPOSE: To compare the cardiopulmonary effects and the quality of anesthesia of the extradural lidocaine in combination with fentanyl or morphine in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. METHODS: Sixteen female dogs, were sedated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.05mg kg-1), followed by anesthetic induction with intravenous propofol (4mg kg-1), to perform the lumbosacral puncture. The animals were randomly assigned to two treatments: T-F (n=8) extradural administration of fentanyl (5µg kg-1), T-M (n=8) extradural administration of methadone (0.3mg kg-1). In both treatment groups, opioids were combined with lidocaine, in order to make up a final volume of 0.4mL kg-1. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial blood pressure (SABP), intra-operative anesthetic supplementation, blood gases and adverse effects were investigated. RESULTS: HR, arterial pH and blood gases did not differ between treatments at any time point. RR and SABP decreased after epidural anesthesia, but the values were in terms of the physiological range of dogs. Intra-operative anesthetic supplementation was required in 50% and 62.5% of the fentanyl and methadone treated dogs, respectively. CONCLUSION: The extradural lidocaine in combination with fentanyl or morphine allowed cardiopulmonary stability, however sufficient sensitive blockade was not provided in 100% of the dogs.(AU)