Pimobendan improves clinical signs in short term compared to digoxin or placebo in dogs with heart failure due to chronic degenerative mitral valve disease

Background: Chronic degenerative mitral valve disease (CDMVD) continues to be the most common cause of heart failure (HF) in small breed dogs. Pimobendan (PIMO) is a mixed action drug with inotropic and vasodilator properties and is widely used to treat heart disease in dogs. Therefore, PIMO increases cardiac output, reduces both preload and afterload and increases myocardial contractility without increasing energy consumption and myocardial oxygen. Digoxin (DIG) is a cardiac glycoside acting through inhibition of the sarcolemmal Na+/K+ ATPase pump, hence increasing intracellular calcium. It exerts beneficial effects on left ventricular function, symptoms and exercise tolerance. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double blind clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical response and QoLQ in heart failure (HF) dogs treated with digoxin or pimobendan in addition to conventional therapy (furosemide and benazepril).Materials, Methods & Results: Inclusion criteria: dogs in class III or stabilized class IV (NYHA). Exclusion criteria: use of positive inotrope and antiarrhythmic, presence of atrial fibrillation, renal or hepatic disease or neoplasia. Thirty three dogs were included and randomly assigned to DIG (n = 11), PIMO (n = 14) and placebo (PL) (n = 8) and followed up weekly. Data was evaluated for days zero, 7, 14 and 28. Increasing score was assigned to...(AU)

Pimobendan improves clinical signs in short term compared to digoxin or placebo in dogs with heart failure due to chronic degenerative mitral valve disease

Background: Chronic degenerative mitral valve disease (CDMVD) continues to be the most common cause of heart failure (HF) in small breed dogs. Pimobendan (PIMO) is a mixed action drug with inotropic and vasodilator properties and is widely used to treat heart disease in dogs. Therefore, PIMO increases cardiac output, reduces both preload and afterload and increases myocardial contractility without increasing energy consumption and myocardial oxygen. Digoxin (DIG) is a cardiac glycoside acting through inhibition of the sarcolemmal Na+/K+ ATPase pump, hence increasing intracellular calcium. It exerts beneficial effects on left ventricular function, symptoms and exercise tolerance. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double blind clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical response and QoLQ in heart failure (HF) dogs treated with digoxin or pimobendan in addition to conventional therapy (furosemide and benazepril).Materials, Methods & Results: Inclusion criteria: dogs in class III or stabilized class IV (NYHA). Exclusion criteria: use of positive inotrope and antiarrhythmic, presence of atrial fibrillation, renal or hepatic disease or neoplasia. Thirty three dogs were included and randomly assigned to DIG (n = 11), PIMO (n = 14) and placebo (PL) (n = 8) and followed up weekly. Data was evaluated for days zero, 7, 14 and 28. Increasing score was assigned to...

Acid-base abnormalities in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis: a prospective study of 60 cases / Distúrbios ácido-base em cães com cetoacidose diabética: estudo prospectivo de 60 casos

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is considered a typical high anion gap metabolic acidosis due to the retention of ketoanions. The objective of this study was to describe the acid-base disturbances of dogs with DKA and further characterize them, according to their frequency, adequacy of the secondary physiologic response, and occurrence of mixed disturbances. Sixty dogs with DKA were enrolled in the study. Arterial blood pH and gas tensions, plasma electrolytes, serum b-hydroxybutyrate (b-OHB), glucose, albumin and urea concentrations were determined for all dogs included in the study. All dogs were evaluated individually and systematically by the traditional approach to the diagnosis of acid-base disorders. Most of the dogs had a high anion gap acidosis, with appropriated respiratory response (n = 18; 30%) or concurrent respiratory alkalosis (n = 14; 23%). Hyperchloremic acidosis with moderated to marked increases in b-OHB was observed in 18 dogs (30%) and 7 of these patients had concurrent respiratory alkalosis. Hyperchloremic acidosis with mild increase in b-OHB was observed in 6 dogs (10%). Four dogs (7%) had a high anion gap acidosis with mild increase in b-OHB and respiratory alkalosis. Most of dogs with DKA had a high anion gap acidosis, but mixed acid-base disorders were common, chiefly high anion gap acidosis and concurrent respiratory alkalosis, and hyperchloremic acidosis with moderated to marked increases in serum b-OHB.(AU)

A cetoacidose diabética (CAD) é considerada um quadro típico de acidose metabólica e aumento do anion gap, devido à retenção de cetoânions. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os distúrbios ácido-base de cães com CAD e ainda caracterizá-los, de acordo com sua frequência, adequação da resposta secundária fisiológica e ocorrência de distúrbios mistos. Sessenta cães com CAD foram incluídos no estudo. O pH e hemogasometria arteriais, eletrólitos plasmáticos, glicose, b-hidroxibutirato (b-OHB), albumina e ureia séricos foram determinados para todos os cães incluídos no estudo. Todos os cães foram avaliados individualmente e de forma sistemática pela abordagem tradicional para o diagnóstico de distúrbios ácido-básicos. A maioria dos cães tinha uma acidose metabólica com aumento do anion gap, com resposta respiratória apropriada (n = 18; 30%) ou alcalose respiratória concomitante (n = 14; 23%). A acidose hiperclorêmica com aumento moderado a marcante do b-OHB sérico foi observada em 18 cães (30%) e sete desses pacientes tinham alcalose respiratória concomitante. A acidose hiperclorêmica com aumento discreto do b-OHB sérico foi observada em seis cães (10%). Quatro cães (7%) tinham acidose metabólica com aumento discreto do b-OHB e alcalose respiratória. A maioria dos cães com CAD tinha uma acidose metabólica com aumento do anion gap, mas distúrbios ácido-básicos mistos foram comuns, principalmente, acidose metabólica com aumento do anion gap e alcalose respiratória concomitante e acidose hiperclorêmica associada a um aumento de moderado a marcante do b-OHB sérico.(AU)

Mucopolissacaridose canina: relato de oito casos / Mucopolysaccharidosis in dogs: report of eight cases / Mucopolisacaridosis canina: informe de ocho casos

Mucopolissacaridoses são doenças hereditárias caracterizadas pela deficiência de enzimas que degradam as glicosaminoglicanas (GAGs): ácido hialuronico, sulfato de condroitina, sulfato de dermatina, queratan sulfato e heparina, sendo que estas se acumulam nos lisossomos de células ósseas, cartilagens e sinóvias. São descritos sete tipos de mucopolissacaridoses. As manifestações clínicas incluem hepatoesplenomegalia, opacificação de córnea, alterações cardiovasculares, edema de articulações, alterações neurológicas e má formações na face. A detecção de grânulos de Alder Reilynos leucócitos, além de deformidades ósseas bem como o comprometimento do fechamento de discos epifisários, observados ao exame radiográfico, e o aumento de GAGs na urina confirmam o diagnóstico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar oito casos de cães com mucopolissacaridose e alertar sobre este diagnóstico diferencial.(AU)

Mucopolysaccharidoses are hereditary disorders characterized by a deficiency of enzymeswhich degrade glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate, dermatinsulphate, keratansulphate and heparin, and they accumulate in lysosomes of bone cells, cartilage and synovium. There are seven types of mucopolysaccharidosis. Clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly, corneal opacification, cardiovascular abnormalities, edema of joints, neurological disorders and malformations of the face. The detection of Alder Reily granules in leukocytes, and bone deformities as well as radiographic findings of defect on closing epiphyseal discs, and increase of GAGs in urine confirm the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to report eight cases of dogs with mucopolysaccharidosis, and warn of this differential diagnosis.(AU)

Mucopolisacaridosiss on transtornos hereditarios caracterizados por una deficiencia de enzimas que degradan glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs): ácido hialurónico, sulfato de condroitina, sulfato de dermatina, sulfato de queratano y heparina, y se acumulan en los lisosomas de las células de hueso, cartílago y la membrana sinovial. Se describen siete tipos de mucopolisacaridosis. Las manifestaciones clínicas incluyen hepatoesplenomegalia, opacificación corneal, cambios cardiovasculares, edema de las articulaciones, trastornos neurológicos y malformaciones en la cara. La detección de gránulos Alder Reily en leucocitos, y deformidad de los huesos, así como los discos epifisarias de cierre y signos radiológicos y la acumulación de GAGs en la orina a confirmar el diagnóstico. El objetivo de estudio es reportar ocho casos de perros con mucopolisacaridosis, advertir de este diagnóstico diferencial.(AU)

Mucopolissacaridose canina: relato de oito casos / Mucopolysaccharidosis in dogs: report of eight cases / Mucopolisacaridosis canina: informe de ocho casos

Mucopolissacaridoses são doenças hereditárias caracterizadas pela deficiência de enzimas que degradam as glicosaminoglicanas (GAGs): ácido hialuronico, sulfato de condroitina, sulfato de dermatina, queratan sulfato e heparina, sendo que estas se acumulam nos lisossomos de células ósseas, cartilagens e sinóvias. São descritos sete tipos de mucopolissacaridoses. As manifestações clínicas incluem hepatoesplenomegalia, opacificação de córnea, alterações cardiovasculares, edema de articulações, alterações neurológicas e má formações na face. A detecção de grânulos de Alder Reilynos leucócitos, além de deformidades ósseas bem como o comprometimento do fechamento de discos epifisários, observados ao exame radiográfico, e o aumento de GAGs na urina confirmam o diagnóstico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar oito casos de cães com mucopolissacaridose e alertar sobre este diagnóstico diferencial.

Mucopolysaccharidoses are hereditary disorders characterized by a deficiency of enzymeswhich degrade glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate, dermatinsulphate, keratansulphate and heparin, and they accumulate in lysosomes of bone cells, cartilage and synovium. There are seven types of mucopolysaccharidosis. Clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly, corneal opacification, cardiovascular abnormalities, edema of joints, neurological disorders and malformations of the face. The detection of Alder Reily granules in leukocytes, and bone deformities as well as radiographic findings of defect on closing epiphyseal discs, and increase of GAGs in urine confirm the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to report eight cases of dogs with mucopolysaccharidosis, and warn of this differential diagnosis.

Mucopolisacaridosiss on transtornos hereditarios caracterizados por una deficiencia de enzimas que degradan glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs): ácido hialurónico, sulfato de condroitina, sulfato de dermatina, sulfato de queratano y heparina, y se acumulan en los lisosomas de las células de hueso, cartílago y la membrana sinovial. Se describen siete tipos de mucopolisacaridosis. Las manifestaciones clínicas incluyen hepatoesplenomegalia, opacificación corneal, cambios cardiovasculares, edema de las articulaciones, trastornos neurológicos y malformaciones en la cara. La detección de gránulos Alder Reily en leucocitos, y deformidad de los huesos, así como los discos epifisarias de cierre y signos radiológicos y la acumulación de GAGs en la orina a confirmar el diagnóstico. El objetivo de estudio es reportar ocho casos de perros con mucopolisacaridosis, advertir de este diagnóstico diferencial.