Response of Bahiagrass hybrids to nitrogen fertilization or mixture with legumes

The objective of this work was to determine Paspalum notatum genotypes appropriate for the establishment of mixtures with temperate legumes and compare the productivity of mixtures with mineral-fertilized systems along two years. Four hybrids of P. notatum, ecotype Bagual and cv. Pensacola, were either subjected to mixtures with white clover (Trifolium repens) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) or fertilized with 0, 60, 120, 240, and 480 kg N ha−1 year−1. P. notatum leaf blades and stems and herbage accumulation denoted a management × year interaction. Herbage accumulation varied between the mixtures and fertilized systems in first year, while in the second year, herbage accumulation of mixed systems employing the B26, B43, C22, C9, and Bagual genotypes were similar to that of systems fertilized with 120 and 240 kg N ha−1. Hybrids B26 and C9 and ecotype Bagual, once made available to producers, could be indicated for mixtures with temperate legumes because they are superior to cv. Pensacola. Herbage accumulation in mixtures involving white clover plus birdsfoot trefoil and P. notatum genotypes is similar to that of mineral nitrogen-fertilized systems with 240 kg N ha−1, emphasizing the viability of mixed between these species.

Productive potential of superior genotypes of Paspalum notatum Flügge in response to nitrogen fertilization / Potencial produtivo de genótipos superiores de Paspalum notatum Flügge em resposta à fertilização nitrogenada

The Paspalum genus forms the natural pastures of the tropical and subtropical regions of America and includes several species of recognized forage potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different levels of nitrogen fertilization on the agronomic traits and nitrogen use efficiency in superior genotypes of Paspalum notatum Flügge. Four nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 60, 180 and 360 kg N ha-1) and nine genotypes were evaluated, six from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (30N, 36N, 48N, 70N, 83N and 95N), collected in South America, two native genotypes of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (André da Rocha and Bagual) and cv. Pensacola. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a 4 x 9 factorial, with four field replications. From the variability of the responses found for the agronomic traits, the genotypes 48N, André da Rocha and Bagual are indicated to continue in the breeding program because they reach the maximum productive efficiencies according to the doses of N tested. The genotype 36N obtained the highest efficiency of nitrogen utilization, being biologically viable with the lowest N dose, equivalent of 60 kg of N ha-1.(AU)

O gênero Paspalum compõe as pastagens naturais das regiões tropicais e subtropicais da América com várias espécies de reconhecido potencial forrageiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes níveis de fertilização nitrogenada sobre os caracteres agronômicos e na eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio por genótipos superiores de P. notatum Flügge. Foram avaliados quatro níveis de fertilização nitrogenada (0, 60, 180 e 360 kg N ha-1) e nove genótipos, seis provenientes do United States Departament of Agriculture (USDA) (30N, 36N, 48N, 70N, 83N e 95N), coletados na América do Sul, dois genótipos nativos do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (André da Rocha e Bagual) e a cv. Pensacola. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 9, com quatro repetições de campo. A partir da variabilidade de respostas encontradas para os caracteres agronômicos são indicados a prosseguir no programa de melhoramento genético os genótipos 48N, André da Rocha e Bagual por atingirem as máximas eficiências produtivas de acordo com as doses de N testadas.O genótipo 36N que obteve a maior eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio, demonstrando-se biologicamente viável com a menor dose de N, equivalente a 60 kg de N ha-1.(AU)

Productive potential of superior genotypes of Paspalum notatum Flügge in response to nitrogen fertilization / Potencial produtivo de genótipos superiores de Paspalum notatum Flügge em resposta à fertilização nitrogenada

The Paspalum genus forms the natural pastures of the tropical and subtropical regions of America and includes several species of recognized forage potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different levels of nitrogen fertilization on the agronomic traits and nitrogen use efficiency in superior genotypes of Paspalum notatum Flügge. Four nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 60, 180 and 360 kg N ha-1) and nine genotypes were evaluated, six from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (30N, 36N, 48N, 70N, 83N and 95N), collected in South America, two native genotypes of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (André da Rocha and Bagual) and cv. Pensacola. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a 4 x 9 factorial, with four field replications. From the variability of the responses found for the agronomic traits, the genotypes 48N, André da Rocha and Bagual are indicated to continue in the breeding program because they reach the maximum productive efficiencies according to the doses of N tested. The genotype 36N obtained the highest efficiency of nitrogen utilization, being biologically viable with the lowest N dose, equivalent of 60 kg of N ha-1.

O gênero Paspalum compõe as pastagens naturais das regiões tropicais e subtropicais da América com várias espécies de reconhecido potencial forrageiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes níveis de fertilização nitrogenada sobre os caracteres agronômicos e na eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio por genótipos superiores de P. notatum Flügge. Foram avaliados quatro níveis de fertilização nitrogenada (0, 60, 180 e 360 kg N ha-1) e nove genótipos, seis provenientes do United States Departament of Agriculture (USDA) (30N, 36N, 48N, 70N, 83N e 95N), coletados na América do Sul, dois genótipos nativos do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (André da Rocha e Bagual) e a cv. Pensacola. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 9, com quatro repetições de campo. A partir da variabilidade de respostas encontradas para os caracteres agronômicos são indicados a prosseguir no programa de melhoramento genético os genótipos 48N, André da Rocha e Bagual por atingirem as máximas eficiências produtivas de acordo com as doses de N testadas.O genótipo 36N que obteve a maior eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio, demonstrando-se biologicamente viável com a menor dose de N, equivalente a 60 kg de N ha-1.

Intraspecific tetraploid hybrids of Paspalum notatum: agronomic evaluation of segregating progeny

For many decades, animal production in southern Brazil has been based on native forage grasses. Paspalum notatum Flügge (bahiagrass) is one of the most frequently used native grass in southern Brazil. The native germplasm of P. notatum is tetraploid and displays apomictic reproduction; hence, chromosome doubling of sexual diploid accessions is required to facilitate hybridization. The main goal of this study was to evaluate forage production and other agronomical evaluation of P. notatum intraspecific hybrids in order to obtain new varieties that could be registered and/or protected and launched as new cultivars in the future. Three tetraploid sexual genotypes were crossed with the ecotypes Bagual and André da Rocha. Biomass production (leaf, stem, and inflorescence fractions), plant growth habit, plant height, number of tillers, and frost damage were evaluated in the resulting hybrids. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were calculated for the six families generated. We evaluated 196 hybrids and the most productive yielded 42 % more total dry mass than the most productive parent (ecotype Bagual), and Bagual production was seven-fold higher than that of cultivar Pensacola. The highest GCA values were observed for Bagual and Q4205. No correlation was observed between leaf coloration and the frost effect or regrowth in the following winter. Similarly, no correlation between plant growth habit and dry mass production was observed. The reproduction mode of the most productive hybrids are currently being analyzed in larger plots to identify apomictic and sexual genotypes for future registration and protection.

Intraspecific tetraploid hybrids of Paspalum notatum: agronomic evaluation of segregating progeny

For many decades, animal production in southern Brazil has been based on native forage grasses. Paspalum notatum Flügge (bahiagrass) is one of the most frequently used native grass in southern Brazil. The native germplasm of P. notatum is tetraploid and displays apomictic reproduction; hence, chromosome doubling of sexual diploid accessions is required to facilitate hybridization. The main goal of this study was to evaluate forage production and other agronomical evaluation of P. notatum intraspecific hybrids in order to obtain new varieties that could be registered and/or protected and launched as new cultivars in the future. Three tetraploid sexual genotypes were crossed with the ecotypes Bagual and André da Rocha. Biomass production (leaf, stem, and inflorescence fractions), plant growth habit, plant height, number of tillers, and frost damage were evaluated in the resulting hybrids. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were calculated for the six families generated. We evaluated 196 hybrids and the most productive yielded 42 % more total dry mass than the most productive parent (ecotype Bagual), and Bagual production was seven-fold higher than that of cultivar Pensacola. The highest GCA values were observed for Bagual and Q4205. No correlation was observed between leaf coloration and the frost effect or regrowth in the following winter. Similarly, no correlation between plant growth habit and dry mass production was observed. The reproduction mode of the most productive hybrids are currently being analyzed in larger plots to identify apomictic and sexual genotypes for future registration and protection.(AU)