Avaliação sorológica para leptospirose em mamíferos silvestres procedentes do Parque Zoológico Municipal de Bauru, SP

Aiming to analyze the antibody response to leptospirosis the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used in the period 2008 to 2009. Seventy-two serum samples from wild mammals belonging to the Bauru Municipal Zoological Park, state of São Paulo, Brazil, were tested. Of these, 60 (83.3%) were reactive to the following serovars: Pyrogenes (15.2%), Pomona (9.4%), Autumnalis (8.9%); Whitcomb (6.8%); Tarassovi (6.3%); Hardjo (5.7%); Butembo and Bratislava (4.7%); Wolffi (4.2%); Copenhageni (3.7%), Javanica, Hardjobovis and Hardjo prajitno (3.1%); Hebdomadis and Australis (2.6%); Canicola, Cynopteri and Djasiman (2.1%); Icterohaemorraghiae and Hardjominiswajezak (1.6%); Castellonis, Bataviae, Sentot, Gryppotyphosa and HardjoCTG (1.0%); Andamana and Panama (0.5%). The animals showed no evidence of antibodies to serovars Shermani and Patoc. Besides the wildlife, 50 sera were analyzed from synanthropic rodents captured inside the park, where 48 (96%) were positive to leptospirosis. The reactive serotypes were: Bratislava (14.1%); Cynopteri (11.4%); Butembo (10.3%), Autumnalis (9.2%); Pyrogenes (8.7%); Hardjo miniswajezak (7.6%); Australis (5.4%); Hardjo (4.9%); Hardjo prajitno (3.8%); Djasiman and HardjoCTG (3.3%); Whitcombi, Copenhageni and Tarassovi (2.7%); Pomona and Shermani (2.2%); Canicola (1.1%); Castellonis, Bataviae, Gryppotyphosa, Panama, Wolffi, Andamana, Patoc and Hardjobovis (0.5%). Serovars Sentot, Hebdomadis, Icterohaemorraghiae and Javanica were negative. The results demonstrated the need for serological monitoring of animals in the zoo, and adoption of control measures against this zoonotic disease, such as checking points of flooding and rodent control in order to prevent the spread of this zoonotic disease in the environment of the park.

Com o objetivo de analisar a resposta sorológica à leptospirose, utilizando-se da técnica de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), no período de 2008 a 2009, foram avaliadas 72 amostras de soros de mamíferos silvestres pertencentes ao Parque Zoológico Municipal de Bauru. Destes, 60 (83,3%) foram reagentes aos seguintes sorovares: Pyrogenes (15,2%); Pomona (9,4%); Autumnalis (8,9%); Whitcombi (6,8%); Tarassovi (6,3%); Hardjo (5,7%); Butembo e Bratislava (4,7%); Wolffi (4,2%); Copenhageni (3,7%); Javanica, Hardjobovis e Hardjo prajitno (3,1%); Hebdomadis e Australis (2,6%); Canicola, Cynopteri e Djasiman (2,1%); Icterohaemorraghiae e Hardjominiswajezak (1,6%); Castellonis, Bataviae, Sentot, Gryppotyphosa e HardjoCTG, (1,0%); Panamá e Andamana, (0,5%). Além dos animais silvestres, foram analisados 50 soros de roedores sinantrópicos, capturados no interior do Parque, onde 48 (96%) foram reagentes à leptospirose. Os sorovares prevalentes foram: Bratislava (14,1%); Cynopteri (11,4%); Butembo (10,3%); Autumnalis (9,2%); Pyrogenes (8,7%); Hardjo miniswajezak (7,6%), Australis (5,4%), Hardjo (4,9%); Hardjo prajitno (3,8%), Djasiman e HardjoCTG (3,3%), Whitcombi, Copenhageni e Tarassovi (2,7%), Pomona e Shermani (2,2%), Canicola (1,1%), Castellonis, Bataviae, Gryppotyphosa, Panama, Wolffi, Andamana, Patoc e Hardjobovis (0,5%). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a necessidade do monitoramento sorológico contínuo dos animais do zoo, e adoção de medidas de controle frente à leptospirose, tais como a verificação de pontos de alagamento nos recintos e o controle de roedores, visando a não disseminação desta zoonose no ambiente do parque.

Avaliação sorológica para leptospirose em mamíferos silvestres procedentes do Parque Zoológico Municipal de Bauru, SP / Sorological survey for leptospirosis in wild mammals from the Bauru Municipal Zoological Park, State of São Paulo, Brazil

Com o objetivo de analisar a resposta sorológica à leptospirose, utilizando-se da técnica de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), no período de 2008 a 2009, foram avaliadas 72 amostras de soros de mamíferos silvestres pertencentes ao Parque Zoológico Municipal de Bauru. Destes, 60 (83,3%) foram reagentes aos seguintes sorovares:Pyrogenes (15,2%); Pomona (9,4%); Autumnalis (8,9%); Whitcombi (6,8%); Tarassovi (6,3%); Hardjo (5,7%); Butembo e Bratislava (4,7%); Wolffi (4,2%); Copenhageni (3,7%); Javanica, Hardjobovis e Hardjo prajitno (3,1%); Hebdomadis e Australis (2,6%); Canicola, Cynopteri e Djasiman (2,1%); Icterohaemorraghiae e Hardjominiswajezak (1,6%); Castellonis, Bataviae, Sentot, Gryppotyphosa e HardjoCTG, (1,0%); Panamá e Andamana, (0,5%). Além dos animais silvestres, foram analisados 50 soros de roedores sinantrópicos, capturados no interior do Parque, onde 48 (96%) foram reagentes à leptospirose. Os sorovares prevalentes foram: Bratislava (14,1%); Cynopteri (11,4%); Butembo (10,3%); Autumnalis (9,2%); Pyrogenes (8,7%); Hardjo miniswajezak (7,6%), Australis (5,4%), Hardjo (4,9%); Hardjo prajitno (3,8%), Djasiman e HardjoCTG (3,3%), Whitcombi, Copenhageni e Tarassovi (2,7%), Pomona e Shermani (2,2%), Canicola (1,1%), Castellonis, Bataviae, Gryppotyphosa, Panama, Wolffi, Andamana, Patoc e Hardjobovis (0,5%). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a necessidade do monitoramento sorológico contínuo dos animais do zoo, e adoção de medidas de controle frente à leptospirose, tais como a verificação de pontos de alagamento nos recintos e o controle de roedores, visando a não disseminação desta zoonose no ambiente do parque.

SOROLOGICAL SURVEY FOR LEPTOSPIROSIS IN WILD MAMMALS FROM THE BAURU MUNICIPAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK, STATE OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL. Aiming to analyze the antibody response to leptospirosis the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used in the period 2008 to 2009. Seventy-two serum samples from wild mammals belonging to the Bauru Municipal Zoological Park, state of São Paulo, Brazil, were tested. Of these, 60 (83.3%) were reactive to the following serovars: Pyrogenes (15.2%), Pomona (9.4%), Autumnalis (8.9%); Whitcomb (6.8%); Tarassovi (6.3%); Hardjo (5.7%); Butembo and Bratislava (4.7%); Wolffi (4.2%); Copenhageni (3.7%), Javanica, Hardjobovis and Hardjo prajitno (3.1%); Hebdomadis and Australis (2.6%); Canicola, Cynopteri and Djasiman (2.1%); Icterohaemorraghiae and Hardjominiswajezak (1.6%); Castellonis, Bataviae, Sentot, Gryppotyphosa and HardjoCTG (1.0%); Andamana and Panama (0.5%). The animals showed no evidence of antibodies to serovars Shermani and Patoc. Besides the wildlife, 50 sera were analyzed from synanthropic rodents captured inside the park, where 48 (96%) were positive to leptospirosis. The reactive serotypes were: Bratislava (14.1%); Cynopteri (11.4%); Butembo (10.3%), Autumnalis (9.2%); Pyrogenes (8.7%); Hardjo miniswajezak (7.6%); Australis (5.4%); Hardjo (4.9%); Hardjo prajitno (3.8%); Djasiman and HardjoCTG (3.3%); Whitcombi, Copenhageni and Tarassovi (2.7%); Pomona and Shermani (2.2%); Canicola (1.1%); Castellonis, Bataviae, Gryppotyphosa, Panama, Wolffi, Andamana, Patoc and Hardjobovis (0.5%). Serovars Sentot, Hebdomadis, Icterohaemorraghiae and Javanica were negative. The results demonstrated the need for serological monitoring of animals in the zoo, and adoption of control measures against this zoonotic disease, such as checking points of flooding and rodent control in order to prevent the spread of this zoonotic disease in the environment of the park.

Avaliação sorológica para leptospirose em mamíferos silvestres procedentes do Parque Zoológico Municipal de Bauru, SP / Sorological survey for leptospirosis in wild mammals from the Bauru Municipal Zoological Park, State of São Paulo, Brazil

Com o objetivo de analisar a resposta sorológica à leptospirose, utilizando-se da técnica de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), no período de 2008 a 2009, foram avaliadas 72 amostras de soros de mamíferos silvestres pertencentes ao Parque Zoológico Municipal de Bauru. Destes, 60 (83,3%) foram reagentes aos seguintes sorovares:Pyrogenes (15,2%); Pomona (9,4%); Autumnalis (8,9%); Whitcombi (6,8%); Tarassovi (6,3%); Hardjo (5,7%); Butembo e Bratislava (4,7%); Wolffi (4,2%); Copenhageni (3,7%); Javanica, Hardjobovis e Hardjo prajitno (3,1%); Hebdomadis e Australis (2,6%); Canicola, Cynopteri e Djasiman (2,1%); Icterohaemorraghiae e Hardjominiswajezak (1,6%); Castellonis, Bataviae, Sentot, Gryppotyphosa e HardjoCTG, (1,0%); Panamá e Andamana, (0,5%). Além dos animais silvestres, foram analisados 50 soros de roedores sinantrópicos, capturados no interior do Parque, onde 48 (96%) foram reagentes à leptospirose. Os sorovares prevalentes foram: Bratislava (14,1%); Cynopteri (11,4%); Butembo (10,3%); Autumnalis (9,2%); Pyrogenes (8,7%); Hardjo miniswajezak (7,6%), Australis (5,4%), Hardjo (4,9%); Hardjo prajitno (3,8%), Djasiman e HardjoCTG (3,3%), Whitcombi, Copenhageni e Tarassovi (2,7%), Pomona e Shermani (2,2%), Canicola (1,1%), Castellonis, Bataviae, Gryppotyphosa, Panama, Wolffi, Andamana, Patoc e Hardjobovis (0,5%). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a necessidade do monitoramento sorológico contínuo dos animais do zoo, e adoção de medidas de controle frente à leptospirose, tais como a verificação de pontos de alagamento nos recintos e o controle de roedores, visando a não disseminação desta zoonose no ambiente do parque.(AU)

SOROLOGICAL SURVEY FOR LEPTOSPIROSIS IN WILD MAMMALS FROM THE BAURU MUNICIPAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK, STATE OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL. Aiming to analyze the antibody response to leptospirosis the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used in the period 2008 to 2009. Seventy-two serum samples from wild mammals belonging to the Bauru Municipal Zoological Park, state of São Paulo, Brazil, were tested. Of these, 60 (83.3%) were reactive to the following serovars: Pyrogenes (15.2%), Pomona (9.4%), Autumnalis (8.9%); Whitcomb (6.8%); Tarassovi (6.3%); Hardjo (5.7%); Butembo and Bratislava (4.7%); Wolffi (4.2%); Copenhageni (3.7%), Javanica, Hardjobovis and Hardjo prajitno (3.1%); Hebdomadis and Australis (2.6%); Canicola, Cynopteri and Djasiman (2.1%); Icterohaemorraghiae and Hardjominiswajezak (1.6%); Castellonis, Bataviae, Sentot, Gryppotyphosa and HardjoCTG (1.0%); Andamana and Panama (0.5%). The animals showed no evidence of antibodies to serovars Shermani and Patoc. Besides the wildlife, 50 sera were analyzed from synanthropic rodents captured inside the park, where 48 (96%) were positive to leptospirosis. The reactive serotypes were: Bratislava (14.1%); Cynopteri (11.4%); Butembo (10.3%), Autumnalis (9.2%); Pyrogenes (8.7%); Hardjo miniswajezak (7.6%); Australis (5.4%); Hardjo (4.9%); Hardjo prajitno (3.8%); Djasiman and HardjoCTG (3.3%); Whitcombi, Copenhageni and Tarassovi (2.7%); Pomona and Shermani (2.2%); Canicola (1.1%); Castellonis, Bataviae, Gryppotyphosa, Panama, Wolffi, Andamana, Patoc and Hardjobovis (0.5%). Serovars Sentot, Hebdomadis, Icterohaemorraghiae and Javanica were negative. The results demonstrated the need for serological monitoring of animals in the zoo, and adoption of control measures against this zoonotic disease, such as checking points of flooding and rodent control in order to prevent the spread of this zoonotic disease in the environment of the park. (AU)

Ovine leptospirosis in Brazil

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis distributed worldwide, endemic mainly in humid subtropical and tropical countries, with epidemic potential. It affects a range of both wild and domestic animals, including sheep, which transport leptospires in their urine and, therefore, can infect other animals and humans who deal with them. Therefore, leptospirosis is characterized as an occupational zoonosis. In individual herds leptospirosis can cause severe economic loss due to miscarriages and outbreaks of mastitis with a significant reduction of milk production. The disease is caused by Leptospira interrogans, which was reclassified into 13 pathogenic species, and distributed into more than 260 serovars classified into 23 serogroups. The clinical signs of infection may vary depending on the serovar and host. In maintenance hosts, antibody production is generally low; there are relatively mild signs of the disease, and a prolonged carrier state with organisms in the kidneys. In incidental hosts, the disease may be more severe, with high titers of circulating antibodies and a very short or nonexistent renal carrier state. In general, young animals with renal and hepatic failure have more serious infections than adults. Several diseases may produce symptoms similar to those of leptospirosis, so that laboratory confirmation, through microscopic agglutination test, for example, is required. The effectiveness of treatment depends on early diagnosis and appropriate therapy, depending on clinical features, since leptospirosis can develop into chronic liver disease and nephropathy, progressing towards death. Improvements in habitation and sanitary conditions, rodent control, vaccination, isolation and treatment of affected animals are the main measures for the control of leptospirosis.(AU)

Comparison of different diagnostic tests in dogs uninfected and naturally infected with visceral leishmaniasis

Uninfected dogs (n = 10) and those naturally infected with leishmaniasis (n = 10) were subjected to several diagnostic tests, namely: hemoculture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of hemoculture, indirect immunofluorescence (RIFI), cytological examination of lymph node aspirate, culture of lymph node aspirate and PCR of lymph node aspirate. RIFI - followed by PCR of lymph node aspirate culture - presented more positive results in infected dogs than in uninfected ones. In infected animals, RIFI was more effective than PCR of lymph node aspirate culture. There was no statistical difference in positivity between RIFI and hemoculture; lymph node aspirate culture/cytological examination of lymph node aspirate and PCR of hemoculture; and between PCR of lymph node aspirate culture and PCR of hemoculture. All infected and uninfected animals had positive and negative results in at least one test. In conclusion, the association of several tests improves the efficacy of canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis.(AU)

Monitoramento microbiológico da mastite ovina na região de Bauru, SP / Microbiological monitoring of the region of ovine mastitis Bauru, SP, Brazil

As mastites são inflamações agudas ou crônicas da glândula mamária, caracterizadas por alte-rações físicas, químicas e bacteriológicas no leite. O leite ovino tem ocupado uma importância cada vez maior no mercado, podendo ser utilizado na produção de queijo e outros derivados, contribuindo para o aumento da receita do produtor rural. Entretanto, a mastite pode determinar redução, tanto na quantidade quanto na qualidade do leite produzido, levando à redução do ganho de peso dos cordeiros e causando aumento da mortalidade nos animais. Ressalta-se ainda o aspecto de saúde pública, pela redução do nível de nutrientes, assim como a intensa multiplicação microbiana que pode ocasionar diarreias e outras zoonoses. Pretendeu-se com este trabalho avaliar a frequência de casos de mastite em 159 ovelhas procedentes de vinte pequenas propriedades localizadas em Bauru, SP, e região. Das 309 amostras colhidas, em 97 (31,4%) foram isolados micro-organismos do gênero Staphylococcus sp., sendo 27,5% Staphylococcus sp. coagulase negativos e 3,9% Staphylococcus sp. coagulase positivos. Dos 177 isolamentos, 97 (54,8%) foram representados pelo gênero Staphylococcus, sendo 57 (58,8%) obtidos em cultura pura e 40 (41,2%) em associação. A maioria dos agentes isolados foi sensível aos antimicrobianos utilizados no teste. Assim, pôde-se verificar o isolamento de micro-organismos contagiosos, como Staphylococcus sp. coagulase negativo e positivo, sendo que, assim como na bovinocultura leiteira, medidas de profilaxia para obtenção higiênica do leite são de extrema importância para adquirir-se um produto final de qualidade, e seguro do ponto de vista microbiológico e alimentar.

Mastitis is an acute or a chronic inflammation of the udder, represented for physical, chemical and bacteriological milk alterations. It is notable that ovine milk represents high economic importance, and it can be used in the production of cheeses and other derivates, contributing for the farmer's recipe enlargement. However, the mastitis in animals can determine the reduction of milk quantity and quality in infected animals. This may determine lambs' weight loss and increase animal's mortality. By the other hand, considering Public Health issues, mastitis can cause milk nutrients losses and promote the microorganisms' multiplication that may lead to diarrheas and to other zoonosis in humans. This study aimed to evaluate 159 sheep mastitis status in 20 small farms located in Bauru (SP) region. Of the 309 colected samples, in 97 (31.4%) were isolated microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus sp., which them 27.5% being coagulase negative Staphylococcus and 3.9% coagulase positive Staphylococcus. Of 177 isolates, 97 (54.8%) were represented by the genus Staphylococcus sp., which them 57 (58.8%) from pure culture and 40 (41.2%) in association. Most agents isolated were sensitive to antibiotics used in the test. Thus, we could verify the isolation of infectious microorganisms such as coagulase positive and negative Staphylococcus and, as well in dairy cattle, preventive measures to obtain hygienic milk are extremely important in order to get a final product with quality and safe in food and microbiological point of view.

MONITORAMENTO MICROBIOLÓGICO DA MASTITE OVINA NA REGIÃO DE BAURU, SP

ABSTRACT Mastitis is an acute or a chronic inflammation of the udder, represented for physical, chemical and bacteriological milk alterations. It is notable that ovine milk represents high economic importance, and it can be used in the production of cheeses and other derivates, contributing for the farmers recipe enlargement. However, the mastitis in animals can determine the reduction of milk quantity and quality in infected animals. This may determine lambs weight loss and increase animals mortality. By the other hand, considering Public Health issues, mastitis can cause milk nutrients losses and promote the microorganisms multiplication that may lead to diarrheas and to other zoonosis in humans. This study aimed to evaluate 159 sheep mastitis status in 20 small farms located in Bauru (SP) region. Of the 309 colected samples, in 97 (31.4%) were isolated microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus sp., which them 27.5% being coagulase negative Staphylococcus and 3.9% coagulase positive Staphylococcus. Of 177 isolates, 97 (54.8%) were represented by the genus Staphylococcus sp., which them 57 (58.8%) from pure culture and 40 (41.2%) in association. Most agents isolated were sensitive to antibiotics used in the test. Thus, we could verify the isolation of infectious microorganisms such as coagulase positive and negative Staphylococcus and, as well in dairy cattle, preventive measures to obtain hygienic milk are extremely important in order to get a final product with quality and safe in food and microbiological point of view.

RESUMO As mastites são inflamações agudas ou crônicas da glândula mamária, caracterizadas por alte-rações físicas, químicas e bacteriológicas no leite. O leite ovino tem ocupado uma importância cada vez maior no mercado, podendo ser utilizado na produção de queijo e outros derivados, contribuindo para o aumento da receita do produtor rural. Entretanto, a mastite pode determinar redução, tanto na quantidade quanto na qualidade do leite produzido, levando à redução do ganho de peso dos cordeiros e causando aumento da mortalidade nos animais. Ressalta-se ainda o aspecto de saúde pública, pela redução do nível de nutrientes, assim como a intensa multiplicação microbiana que pode ocasionar diarreias e outras zoonoses. Pretendeu-se com este trabalho avaliar a frequência de casos de mastite em 159 ovelhas procedentes de vinte pequenas propriedades localizadas em Bauru, SP, e região. Das 309 amostras colhidas, em 97 (31,4%) foram isolados micro-organismos do gênero Staphylococcus sp., sendo 27,5% Staphylococcus sp. coagulase negativos e 3,9% Staphylococcus sp. coagulase positivos. Dos 177 isolamentos, 97 (54,8%) foram representados pelo gênero Staphylococcus, sendo 57 (58,8%) obtidos em cultura pura e 40 (41,2%) em associação. A maioria dos agentes isolados foi sensível aos antimicrobianos utilizados no teste. Assim, pôde-se verificar o isolamento de micro-organismos contagiosos, como Staphylococcus sp. coagulase negativo e positivo, sendo que, assim como na bovinocultura leiteira, medidas de profilaxia para obtenção higiênica do leite são de extrema importância para adquirir-se um produto final de qualidade, e seguro do ponto de vista microbiológico e alimentar.

Performance of IFAT, ELISA, direct parasitological examination and PCR on lymph node aspirates for canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is endemic in numerous Brazilian regions. The greatest difficulty in controlling the disease is the diagnostic limitation. In the present study, the most common tests employed for visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis were compared: immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA), direct parasitological examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Samples of lymph node aspirates and blood were collected from 100 dogs that lived in an endemic area (Bauru city, São Paulo state) and from 100 negative controls from a non-endemic area (Botucatu city, São Paulo state). Specificity of both IFAT and PCR was 100% whereas ELISA was 99%. Sensitivities were 97.77, 93.33 and 91.11% respectively for IFAT, ELISA and PCR.(AU)

Canine trypanosomiasis: etiology of infection and implications for public health

Canine trypanosomiasis, caused by protozoans of the genus Trypanosoma, is divided into two primary types: the American form (Chagas disease), due to Trypanosoma cruzi infection, and the African form (sleeping sickness or surra), provoked by Trypanosomaevansi. This disease was originally enzootic and affected only wild animals, including mammals and birds, which served as reservoirs. Later, it spread to domestic animals such as horses, cattle and dogs. The disease became a zoonosis when contact between rural inhabitants and natural Trypanosoma foci occurred, due to ecological imbalances and increasing migration. Dogs are significantly involved in this context, because they are the main domestic animals and participate in the transmission and maintenance cycles of these parasites. This article reports etiological, epidemiological and public health aspects of canine trypanosomiasis, and the most important peculiarities of this zoonosis in dogs.(AU)

VIGILÂNCIA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DA RAIVA NA REGIÃO DE BOTUCATU-SP: IMPORTÂNCIA DOS QUIRÓPTEROS NA MANUTENÇÃO DO VÍRUS NA NATUREZA.

A rabies epidemiological surveillance was performed in Botucatu and in its neighboring municipalities in São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, from 1992 to 2000. The aim of this study was to assess the importance of bats as the vehicle of rabies virus in rural zones. We verified a low positive rate of irus isolation (0.2%) and a great diversity of bat species, with predominance of insectivorous bats. Pipes underneath highways presented the better refuge conditions. Controlling the Desmodus rotundus bat population is mandatory to avoid spreading rabies virus, therefore controlling rabies in animal populations and reducing the risk for human beings. KEY-WORDS: Epidemiology. Bats. Surveillance. Rabies. Zoonosis.

No período compreendido entre 1992 e 2000 realizaram-se atividades de vigilância epidemiológica, no município de Botucatu, SP, e limítrofes, principalmente na zona rural, avaliando o papel dos quirópteros na veiculação do vírus da raiva. Constatou-se baixa positividade para o seu isolamento (0,2%) e grande diversidade de espécies de morcegos, com predominância dos insetívoros. Os locais que ofereciam melhores condições de refúgio foram as tubulações sob rodovias (bueiros). Considera-se relevante o controle da população de Desmodus rotundus para se evitar a disseminação do vírus rábico, objetivando o controle da raiva em populações animais e redução de risco para a população humana.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Epidemiologia. Quirópteros. Vigilância. Raiva. Zoonoses.

ETIOLOGIA E SENSIBILIDADE BACTERIANA DA MASTITE SUBCLÍNICA EM OVELHAS DA RAÇA SANTA INÊS.

Milk samples from 242 Santa Inês breed ewes tested for subclinical mastitis using California Mastitis Test (CMT) score 1+, 2+ and 3+ were cultured. The bacteriological tests were run in 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar and the microorganism observed were identified using the gram method and taxonomy proves. Then the microorganisms were submitted to in vitro antibacterial susceptibility test. A total of 94 microorganisms were isolate in pure and in association culture distributed as followed: Staphylococcus sp(n=50; 53,1%), Streptococcus sp (n=18; 19,1%), Corynebacterium sp (n=11; 11,7%), Staphylococcus aureus(n=9; 9,6%), Proteus sp (n=3; 3,2%), Micrococcus sp (n=1; 1,1%), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (n=1; 1,1%) and Bacillus sp (n=1; 1,1%). The antibacterial susceptibility test showed among the agents isolated in highest frequency that florfenicol, gentamicin and cefalexin were the drugs of better effectiveness. KEY-WORDS: Ewe. Mastitis. Microorganisms. Antibiotics.

Examinaram-se 242 amostras de leite de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês com mastite subclínica, diagnosticada pelo teste California Mastitis Test (CMT), escore 1+, 2+ e 3+. Realizaram-se cultivos microbiológicos em meios de ágar-sangue ovino 5% e MacConkey, sendo que os microrganismos isolados foram identificados por esfregaços corados pelo método de Gram e provas taxonômicas. Em seguida, submetidos ao teste de sensibilidade bacteriana in vitro. Isolou-se um total de 94 microrganismos em cultura pura e em associação, distribuídos da seguinte maneira: Staphylococcus sp (n=50; 53,1%), Streptococcus sp (n=18; 19,1%), Corynebacterium sp (n=11; 11,7%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=9; 9,6%), Proteus sp (n=3; 3,2%), Micrococcus sp(n= 1; 1,1%), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (n=1; 1,1%) e Bacillus sp (n=1; 1,1%). No teste de sensibilidade in vitro aos antimicrobianos observou-se que Staphylococcus sp, Corynebacterium sp e Streptococcus sp foram os microrganismos isolados com maior freqüência, sendo o florfenicol, a gentamicina e a cefalexina as drogas de melhor eficácia.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ovelha. Mastite. Microrganismos. Antibióticos.