Cardiac hypertrophy associated with Corynebacterium spp. in Didelphis albiventris cubs

The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the clinical-pathological aspects of cardiac hypertrophy related to the presence of Corynebacterium spp. in three Didelphis albiventris cubs. In necropsy, macroscopically, in the heart, cardiomegaly, concentric hypertrophy of the ventricles and the ventricular septum were observed, with consequent reduction of the chamber. Microscopically, the primary lesions found in the heart were cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and necrosis, myocytolysis, and the presence of myriad basophilic bacteria. Liver fragments and endocardial swabs were sent for bacterial culture, in which pleomorphic Gram-positive rods grew, forming small and hemolytic colonies. Chemical tests demonstrated characteristics compatible with Corynebacterium spp. Thus, this report represents the first description of cardiac hypertrophy associated with Corynebacterium spp. in white-eared opossums cubs, representing an essential contribution to studying diseases in wild animals.(AU)

Listeriosis outbreak in sheep raised in feedlots in the Southern Region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

Background: A listeriosis outbreak in a sheep fattening feedlot in the Southern Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazilis described. This disease is caused by Listeria monocytogenes and represents a risk to public health since it affects notonly ruminants but also humans. This agent is widely spread in the environment, such as in the soil and water. It is alsofound in decaying vegetable matter and the feces and fluids of domestic animals. The aim of this study was to describe alisteriosis outbreak in sheep raised in feedlots, its epidemiology, and to establish the importance of this disease in this typeof sheep management system, evaluate the possible sources of infection, and suggest ways to control it.Cases: Sheep were kept in a 2-sector shed, one with east solar orientation and the other with west solar orientation, thelatter with free access to domestic birds. Sheep were fed silage and concentrate. Seven sheep were affected, 5 died and 2recovered. Clinically, the sheep displayed loss of balance, excessive drooling, and tremors; one exhibited circling, headdeviation, apathy, nystagmus, lateral recumbency, paddling, and labored breathing. At necropsy, macroscopic lesions werenot found, and histologically several micro-abscesses and perivascular cuffs with lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils were present in the brain stem. Listeria monocytogenes suspected colonies were observed in the microbiologicalculture, and the bacteria was identified by biochemical analysis. The immunohistochemistry test in brain stem sectionswas positive for the antibody BD DifcoTM Listeria O Antiserum Poly Serotypes 1 and 4.Discussion: A listeriosis outbreak in a feedlot sheep was confirmed through epidemiological findings, histological lesions,bacterial culture, and immunohistochemistry analysis. This infection is frequent...

Listeriosis outbreak in sheep raised in feedlots in the Southern Region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

Background: A listeriosis outbreak in a sheep fattening feedlot in the Southern Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazilis described. This disease is caused by Listeria monocytogenes and represents a risk to public health since it affects notonly ruminants but also humans. This agent is widely spread in the environment, such as in the soil and water. It is alsofound in decaying vegetable matter and the feces and fluids of domestic animals. The aim of this study was to describe alisteriosis outbreak in sheep raised in feedlots, its epidemiology, and to establish the importance of this disease in this typeof sheep management system, evaluate the possible sources of infection, and suggest ways to control it.Cases: Sheep were kept in a 2-sector shed, one with east solar orientation and the other with west solar orientation, thelatter with free access to domestic birds. Sheep were fed silage and concentrate. Seven sheep were affected, 5 died and 2recovered. Clinically, the sheep displayed loss of balance, excessive drooling, and tremors; one exhibited circling, headdeviation, apathy, nystagmus, lateral recumbency, paddling, and labored breathing. At necropsy, macroscopic lesions werenot found, and histologically several micro-abscesses and perivascular cuffs with lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils were present in the brain stem. Listeria monocytogenes suspected colonies were observed in the microbiologicalculture, and the bacteria was identified by biochemical analysis. The immunohistochemistry test in brain stem sectionswas positive for the antibody BD DifcoTM Listeria O Antiserum Poly Serotypes 1 and 4.Discussion: A listeriosis outbreak in a feedlot sheep was confirmed through epidemiological findings, histological lesions,bacterial culture, and immunohistochemistry analysis. This infection is frequent...(AU)

Actinobacillosis outbreak in cattle with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face / Actinobacilose em bovinos com manifestação clínica de cara de hipopótamo

Actinobacillosis outbreak with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face observed in a property located in the municipality of Capão do Leão, Southern Brazil, in September 2016, is described. The cattle herd remained for most of the year in rice stubble. When these areas were occupied with new crops, they were transferred to areas where there were small native forests. Three cattle were affected. They presented a volume increase in the nasolabial and maxillary region, and there was also regional lymph node swelling. The evolution of the disease occurred in approximately six months. In tissue fragments collected for culture, Actinobacillus lignieresii was isolated. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings, histopathological evaluation characterized by the presence of piogranulomas with Splendore Hoepli reaction in its center, bacterial isolation, and identification of A. lignieresii by polymerase chain reaction (PRC) and genetic sequencing.(AU)

Descreve-se um surto de actinobacilose com manifestação clínica de cara de hipopótamo diagnosticado em uma propriedade localizada no município do Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul em setembro de 2016. Os bovinos permaneciam durante a maior parte do ano em restevas de arroz e quando as áreas eram ocupadas com novas lavouras eram transferidos para áreas onde havia pequenas matas nativas. Foram afetados três bovinos adultos que apresentavam aumento de volume na região nasolabial e maxilar e havia, também, tumefação dos linfonodos regionais. A evolução da enfermidade era de aproximadamente seis meses. Nos fragmentos coletados para cultura houve isolamento de Actinobacillus lignieresii. O diagnóstico foi baseado nos achados clínicos, na avaliação histopatológica caracterizada pela presença de piogranulomas com reação de Splendori Hoepli no centro, no isolamento bacteriano, identificação de Actinobacillus lignieresii por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PRC) e sequenciamento genético.(AU)

Actinobacillosis outbreak in cattle with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face / Actinobacilose em bovinos com manifestação clínica de cara de hipopótamo

Actinobacillosis outbreak with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face observed in a property located in the municipality of Capão do Leão, Southern Brazil, in September 2016, is described. The cattle herd remained for most of the year in rice stubble. When these areas were occupied with new crops, they were transferred to areas where there were small native forests. Three cattle were affected. They presented a volume increase in the nasolabial and maxillary region, and there was also regional lymph node swelling. The evolution of the disease occurred in approximately six months. In tissue fragments collected for culture, Actinobacillus lignieresii was isolated. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings, histopathological evaluation characterized by the presence of piogranulomas with Splendore Hoepli reaction in its center, bacterial isolation, and identification of A. lignieresii by polymerase chain reaction (PRC) and genetic sequencing.(AU)

Descreve-se um surto de actinobacilose com manifestação clínica de cara de hipopótamo diagnosticado em uma propriedade localizada no município do Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul em setembro de 2016. Os bovinos permaneciam durante a maior parte do ano em restevas de arroz e quando as áreas eram ocupadas com novas lavouras eram transferidos para áreas onde havia pequenas matas nativas. Foram afetados três bovinos adultos que apresentavam aumento de volume na região nasolabial e maxilar e havia, também, tumefação dos linfonodos regionais. A evolução da enfermidade era de aproximadamente seis meses. Nos fragmentos coletados para cultura houve isolamento de Actinobacillus lignieresii. O diagnóstico foi baseado nos achados clínicos, na avaliação histopatológica caracterizada pela presença de piogranulomas com reação de Splendori Hoepli no centro, no isolamento bacteriano, identificação de Actinobacillus lignieresii por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PRC) e sequenciamento genético.(AU)

Clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature / Clostridioses diagnosticadas em bovinos no sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Uma pesquisa de quarenta anos (1978-2018) e breve revisão da literatura

Clostridial diseases are important causes of livestock losses in the southern Rio Grande do Sul. Since 1978 annual surveys conducted at the "Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico" of the "Universidade Federal de Pelotas" (LRD-UFPel) have shown that clostridial diseases represent 10.40% of the bacterial diseases diagnosed in cattle and 1.65% of all diseases diagnosis in cattle over a 40-year period. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from January 1978 to December 2018 at the LRD-UFPel in the hopes that it will constitute a useful guide for field veterinary practitioners and interested farmers. We assessed and review the necropsy protocols of 6,736 cattle; these necropsies were performed either by LRD-UFPel faculty or by field veterinary practitioners; 111 outbreaks (1.65%) were diagnosed as clostridial disease, distributed as follows: 35 outbreaks of tetanus, 34 of blackleg, 23 of bacillary hemoglobinuria, 11 of malignant edema (gas gangrene), and eight of botulism. Approximately 904, from a total of 42,480 cattle at risk, died in these outbreaks.(AU)

Clostridioses são doenças produzidas por alguma das espécies do gênero Clostridium e são importantes causas de perdas pecuárias no sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisas anuais realizadas no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD-UFPel) desde 1978 demonstraram que as clostridioses representaram 11,1% das doenças bacterianas diagnosticadas em bovinos e 1,65% de todos os diagnósticos de doenças em bovinos ao longo de 40 anos. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e patológicos das clostridioses diagnosticadas de janeiro de 1978 a dezembro de 2018, pelo LRD/UFPel com a intenção de que esse trabalho possa servir de guia útil para os veterinários de campo e fazendeiros interessados. Foram avaliados e revisados os protocolos de necropsia de 6.736 bovinos; essas necropsias foram realizadas pelo pessoal do LRD/UFPel ou por veterinários de campo. Cento e quatro (1,16%) casos foram diagnosticados como clostridioses, distribuídos da seguinte forma: 35 surtos de tétano, 34 de carbúnculo sintomático, 23 de hemoglobinúria bacilar, 11 de edema maligno (gangrena gasosa) e oito de botulismo. Aproximadamente 904, de um total de 42.480 bovinos sob-risco, morreram nesses surtos.(AU)

Clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature / Clostridioses diagnosticadas em bovinos no sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Uma pesquisa de quarenta anos (1978-2018) e breve revisão da literatura

Clostridial diseases are important causes of livestock losses in the southern Rio Grande do Sul. Since 1978 annual surveys conducted at the "Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico" of the "Universidade Federal de Pelotas" (LRD-UFPel) have shown that clostridial diseases represent 10.40% of the bacterial diseases diagnosed in cattle and 1.65% of all diseases diagnosis in cattle over a 40-year period. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from January 1978 to December 2018 at the LRD-UFPel in the hopes that it will constitute a useful guide for field veterinary practitioners and interested farmers. We assessed and review the necropsy protocols of 6,736 cattle; these necropsies were performed either by LRD-UFPel faculty or by field veterinary practitioners; 111 outbreaks (1.65%) were diagnosed as clostridial disease, distributed as follows: 35 outbreaks of tetanus, 34 of blackleg, 23 of bacillary hemoglobinuria, 11 of malignant edema (gas gangrene), and eight of botulism. Approximately 904, from a total of 42,480 cattle at risk, died in these outbreaks.(AU)

Clostridioses são doenças produzidas por alguma das espécies do gênero Clostridium e são importantes causas de perdas pecuárias no sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisas anuais realizadas no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD-UFPel) desde 1978 demonstraram que as clostridioses representaram 11,1% das doenças bacterianas diagnosticadas em bovinos e 1,65% de todos os diagnósticos de doenças em bovinos ao longo de 40 anos. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e patológicos das clostridioses diagnosticadas de janeiro de 1978 a dezembro de 2018, pelo LRD/UFPel com a intenção de que esse trabalho possa servir de guia útil para os veterinários de campo e fazendeiros interessados. Foram avaliados e revisados os protocolos de necropsia de 6.736 bovinos; essas necropsias foram realizadas pelo pessoal do LRD/UFPel ou por veterinários de campo. Cento e quatro (1,16%) casos foram diagnosticados como clostridioses, distribuídos da seguinte forma: 35 surtos de tétano, 34 de carbúnculo sintomático, 23 de hemoglobinúria bacilar, 11 de edema maligno (gangrena gasosa) e oito de botulismo. Aproximadamente 904, de um total de 42.480 bovinos sob-risco, morreram nesses surtos.(AU)

Clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature

ABSTRACT: Clostridial diseases are important causes of livestock losses in the southern Rio Grande do Sul. Since 1978 annual surveys conducted at the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD-UFPel) have shown that clostridial diseases represent 10.40% of the bacterial diseases diagnosed in cattle and 1.65% of all diseases diagnosis in cattle over a 40-year period. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from January 1978 to December 2018 at the LRD-UFPel in the hopes that it will constitute a useful guide for field veterinary practitioners and interested farmers. We assessed and review the necropsy protocols of 6,736 cattle; these necropsies were performed either by LRD-UFPel faculty or by field veterinary practitioners; 111 outbreaks (1.65%) were diagnosed as clostridial disease, distributed as follows: 35 outbreaks of tetanus, 34 of blackleg, 23 of bacillary hemoglobinuria, 11 of malignant edema (gas gangrene), and eight of botulism. Approximately 904, from a total of 42,480 cattle at risk, died in these outbreaks.

RESUMO: Clostridioses são doenças produzidas por alguma das espécies do gênero Clostridium e são importantes causas de perdas pecuárias no sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisas anuais realizadas no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD-UFPel) desde 1978 demonstraram que as clostridioses representaram 11,1% das doenças bacterianas diagnosticadas em bovinos e 1,65% de todos os diagnósticos de doenças em bovinos ao longo de 40 anos. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e patológicos das clostridioses diagnosticadas de janeiro de 1978 a dezembro de 2018, pelo LRD/UFPel com a intenção de que esse trabalho possa servir de guia útil para os veterinários de campo e fazendeiros interessados. Foram avaliados e revisados os protocolos de necropsia de 6.736 bovinos; essas necropsias foram realizadas pelo pessoal do LRD/UFPel ou por veterinários de campo. Cento e quatro (1,16%) casos foram diagnosticados como clostridioses, distribuídos da seguinte forma: 35 surtos de tétano, 34 de cartbúnculo sintomático, 23 de hemoglobinúria bacilar, 11 de edema maligno (gangrena gasosa) e oito de botulismo. Aproximadamente 904, de um total de 42.480 bovinos sob-risco, morreram nesses surtos.

Blackleg in a free-range brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) / Carbúnculo sintomático em veado virá de vida livre (Mazama gouazoubira)

A case of blackleg in a brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) associated with trauma from being hit by a car in southern Rio Grande do Sul is reported. The clinical signs included fever, dehydration and lethargy that worsened progressively until 36 hours after the accident, when the animal died. In the fore right limb, there was a comminuted closed fracture of the radius and ulna but no skin wounds were observed. Grossly, the musculature of the pelvic limbs presented hemorrhage, edema and emphysema. Microscopically, the muscles of both rear legs had necrosis, edema, hemorrhage and mild inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils. Clostridium chauvoei was cultured from affected skeletal muscles, and it was also detected by immunohistochemistry, confirming a diagnosis of blackleg. The overlapping habitat of cattle and brown brocket deer is proposed as a predisposing factor in this case and alerts to spillover cases maybe happening in this region. In addition, blackleg should be included as differential diagnoses of deer with post-traumatic myositis.(AU)

Descreve-se um caso de carbúnculo sintomático em um veado-virá (Mazama gouazoubira), macho, jovem, resgatado após atropelamento em uma rodovia na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. O cervídeo apresentou febre, desidratação e letargia, progredindo para a morte em 36 horas. No membro torácico direito foi observado fratura cominutiva fechada de rádio e ulna sem a presença de feridas perfurantes. Na necropsia foi observada hemorragia, edema e enfisema na musculatura dos membros pélvicos. Microscopicamente, os músculos dos membros pélvicos apresentaram necrose, edema, hemorragia e discreto infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico. Houve o isolamento de Clostridium chauvoei e marcação positiva na técnica de IHQ com anticorpo monoclonal anti-C. chauvoei, confirmando o diagnóstico de carbúnculo sintomático. A sobreposição de habitat entre bovinos domésticos e cervídeos pode ser um fator de risco para esta doença e chama a atenção para casos de "spillover" que podem estar ocorrendo na região. Adicionalmente, sugere-se que o carbúnculo sintomático seja incluído nos diagnósticos diferenciais de cervídeos que apresentam miosite pós-traumática.(AU)

Blackleg in a free-range brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) / Carbúnculo sintomático em veado virá de vida livre (Mazama gouazoubira)

A case of blackleg in a brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) associated with trauma from being hit by a car in southern Rio Grande do Sul is reported. The clinical signs included fever, dehydration and lethargy that worsened progressively until 36 hours after the accident, when the animal died. In the fore right limb, there was a comminuted closed fracture of the radius and ulna but no skin wounds were observed. Grossly, the musculature of the pelvic limbs presented hemorrhage, edema and emphysema. Microscopically, the muscles of both rear legs had necrosis, edema, hemorrhage and mild inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils. Clostridium chauvoei was cultured from affected skeletal muscles, and it was also detected by immunohistochemistry, confirming a diagnosis of blackleg. The overlapping habitat of cattle and brown brocket deer is proposed as a predisposing factor in this case and alerts to spillover cases maybe happening in this region. In addition, blackleg should be included as differential diagnoses of deer with post-traumatic myositis.(AU)

Descreve-se um caso de carbúnculo sintomático em um veado-virá (Mazama gouazoubira), macho, jovem, resgatado após atropelamento em uma rodovia na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. O cervídeo apresentou febre, desidratação e letargia, progredindo para a morte em 36 horas. No membro torácico direito foi observado fratura cominutiva fechada de rádio e ulna sem a presença de feridas perfurantes. Na necropsia foi observada hemorragia, edema e enfisema na musculatura dos membros pélvicos. Microscopicamente, os músculos dos membros pélvicos apresentaram necrose, edema, hemorragia e discreto infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico. Houve o isolamento de Clostridium chauvoei e marcação positiva na técnica de IHQ com anticorpo monoclonal anti-C. chauvoei, confirmando o diagnóstico de carbúnculo sintomático. A sobreposição de habitat entre bovinos domésticos e cervídeos pode ser um fator de risco para esta doença e chama a atenção para casos de "spillover" que podem estar ocorrendo na região. Adicionalmente, sugere-se que o carbúnculo sintomático seja incluído nos diagnósticos diferenciais de cervídeos que apresentam miosite pós-traumática.(AU)

Complexo enzimático e farelo de arroz integral sobre o desempenho produtivo e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras em segundo ciclo de produção / Enzyme complex and whole rice bran on the productive performance and quality of eggs from laying hens at the second production cycle

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance as well as the quality of eggs from birds fed diets containing whole rice bran (RB), with or without the addition of an enzyme complex (EC) with different levels of metabolizable energy value. A total of 480 Hisex brown layers were used. The treatments consisted of diets based on corn (C), soybean meal (SBM), rice bran (RB), with or without the inclusion of the enzyme complex (EC) to the diets. Treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4 consisted of the presence of corn (C), soybean meal (SBM) and treatments 5, 6, 7, and 8 consisted of C, SBM, and 20% RB, with or without the inclusion the EC. Treatments 1, 3, 5, and 7 did not receive the CE; however, in treatments 3 and 7 there was energy recovery of 100 kcal / kg (negative controls). The EC was added without energy recovery (on top) to treatments 2 and 6, and valued at 100 kcal / kg in treatments 4 and 8. Birds fed RB produced heavier eggs and yolk. Birds fed RB and that received the EC on top had higher feed intake. The highest Haugh unit and the best feed conversion per dozen were observed in birds that received only the control treatment or the control diet supplemented with EC in a diet reformulated to 100 kcal ME/kg.

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade dos ovos de aves que receberam dietas contendo farelo de arroz integral (FAI), com ou sem adição de complexo enzimático (CE), com e sem valorização energética. Foram utilizadas 480 poedeiras Hisex brown, durante 112 dias experimentais, divididas em oito tratamentos com 12 repetições cada. Os tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4 consistiram da presença de milho (M) e farelo de soja (FS), e os tratamentos 5, 6, 7 e 8 consistiram de M, FS e 20% de FAI, com ou sem inclusão do CE. Os tratamentos 1, 3, 5 e 7 não receberam CE; no entanto, nos tratamentos 3 e 7 houve valorização energética de 100 kcal EM/kg (controles negativos). O CE quando presente foi acrescido sem valorização energética (on top) nos tratamentos 2 e 6, e valorizado em 100 kcal EM/kg nos tratamentos 4 e 8. Aves que receberam FAI produziram ovos e claras mais pesadas, gemas menos pigmentadas e apresentaram maior peso vivo. Aves que consumiram FAI recebendo CEon top ou sem valorização apresentaram maior consumo de ração. Maior unidade Haugh e melhor conversão alimentar por dúzia foram observados em aves que receberam tratamento controle ou controle com CE valorizado.

Complexo enzimático e farelo de arroz integral sobre o desempenho produtivo e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras em segundo ciclo de produção / Enzyme complex and whole rice bran on the productive performance and quality of eggs from laying hens at the second production cycle

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance as well as the quality of eggs from birds fed diets containing whole rice bran (RB), with or without the addition of an enzyme complex (EC) with different levels of metabolizable energy value. A total of 480 Hisex brown layers were used. The treatments consisted of diets based on corn (C), soybean meal (SBM), rice bran (RB), with or without the inclusion of the enzyme complex (EC) to the diets. Treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4 consisted of the presence of corn (C), soybean meal (SBM) and treatments 5, 6, 7, and 8 consisted of C, SBM, and 20% RB, with or without the inclusion the EC. Treatments 1, 3, 5, and 7 did not receive the CE; however, in treatments 3 and 7 there was energy recovery of 100 kcal / kg (negative controls). The EC was added without energy recovery (on top) to treatments 2 and 6, and valued at 100 kcal / kg in treatments 4 and 8. Birds fed RB produced heavier eggs and yolk. Birds fed RB and that received the EC on top had higher feed intake. The highest Haugh unit and the best feed conversion per dozen were observed in birds that received only the control treatment or the control diet supplemented with EC in a diet reformulated to 100 kcal ME/kg.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade dos ovos de aves que receberam dietas contendo farelo de arroz integral (FAI), com ou sem adição de complexo enzimático (CE), com e sem valorização energética. Foram utilizadas 480 poedeiras Hisex brown, durante 112 dias experimentais, divididas em oito tratamentos com 12 repetições cada. Os tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4 consistiram da presença de milho (M) e farelo de soja (FS), e os tratamentos 5, 6, 7 e 8 consistiram de M, FS e 20% de FAI, com ou sem inclusão do CE. Os tratamentos 1, 3, 5 e 7 não receberam CE; no entanto, nos tratamentos 3 e 7 houve valorização energética de 100 kcal EM/kg (controles negativos). O CE quando presente foi acrescido sem valorização energética (on top) nos tratamentos 2 e 6, e valorizado em 100 kcal EM/kg nos tratamentos 4 e 8. Aves que receberam FAI produziram ovos e claras mais pesadas, gemas menos pigmentadas e apresentaram maior peso vivo. Aves que consumiram FAI recebendo CEon top ou sem valorização apresentaram maior consumo de ração. Maior unidade Haugh e melhor conversão alimentar por dúzia foram observados em aves que receberam tratamento controle ou controle com CE valorizado.(AU)

COMPLEXO ENZIMÁTICO E FARELO DE ARROZ INTEGRAL SOBRE O DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO E QUALIDADE DOS OVOS DE POEDEIRAS EM SEGUNDO CICLO DE PRODUÇÃO

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance as well as the quality of eggs from birds fed diets containing whole rice bran (RB), with or without the addition of an enzyme complex (EC) with different levels of metabolizable energy value. A total of 480 Hisex brown layers were used. The treatments consisted of diets based on corn (C), soybean meal (SBM), rice bran (RB), with or without the inclusion of the enzyme complex (EC) to the diets. Treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4 consisted of the presence of corn (C), soybean meal (SBM) and treatments 5, 6, 7, and 8 consisted of C, SBM, and 20% RB, with or without the inclusion the EC. Treatments 1, 3, 5, and 7 did not receive CE; however, in treatments 3 and 7 there was energy recovery of 100 kcal / kg (negative controls). The EC was added without energy recovery (on top) to treatments 2 and 6, and valued at 100 kcal / kg in treatments 4 and 8. Birds fed RB produced heavier eggs and yolk. Birds fed RB and that received the EC on top had higher feed intake. The highest Haugh unit and best feed conversion per dozen were observed in birds that received only the control treatment or the control diet supplemented with EC in a diet reformulated to 100 kcal ME/kg.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade dos ovos de aves que receberam dietas contendo farelo de arroz integral (FAI), com ou sem adição de complexo enzimático (CE), com e sem valorização energética. Foram utilizadas 480 poedeiras Hisex brown, durante 112 dias experimentais, divididas em oito tratamentos com 12 repetições cada. Os tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4 consistiram da presença de milho (M) e farelo de soja (FS), e os tratamentos 5, 6, 7 e 8 consistiram de M, FS e 20% de FAI, com ou sem inclusão do CE. Os tratamentos 1, 3, 5 e 7 não receberam CE; no entanto, nos tratamentos 3 e 7 houve valorização energética de 100 kcal EM/kg (controles negativos). O CE quando presente foi acrescido sem valorização energética (on top) nos tratamentos 2 e 6, e valorizado em 100 kcal EM/kg nos tratamentos 4 e 8. Aves que receberam FAI produziram ovos e claras mais pesadas, gemas menos pigmentadas e apresentaram maior peso vivo. Aves que consumiram FAI recebendo CE on top ou sem valorização apresentaram maior consumo de ração. Maior unidade Haugh e melhor conversão alimentar por dúzia foram observados em aves que receberam tratamento controle ou controle com CE valorizado.

Identificação de fatores de virulência de isolados de Escherichia coli oriundos de fezes de bezerros na região Sul do Brasil / Identification of virulence factors of Escherichia coli isolates from fecal samples of calves in southern Brazil

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea. Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5/40; 12.5%), and the Eae and the Sta factors in one (1/40; 0.2%) and in atypical associations between Stx1 and Eae and also between Eae and F41 in two isolates (2/40; 0.5%). Also, the Eae and Sta factors were identified in one isolate (1/40; 0.2%). The susceptibility test showed resistance to penicillin and tetracycline in 93% and 80% of the tested isolates, respectively. Discussion: The identification of virulence factors is necessary because E. coli is an enterobacterium present in calves gastrointestinal tract, to prove its pathogenicity. […](AU)

Identificação de fatores de virulência de isolados de Escherichia coli oriundos de fezes de bezerros na região Sul do Brasil / Identification of virulence factors of Escherichia coli isolates from fecal samples of calves in southern Brazil

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea. Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5/40; 12.5%), and the Eae and the Sta factors in one (1/40; 0.2%) and in atypical associations between Stx1 and Eae and also between Eae and F41 in two isolates (2/40; 0.5%). Also, the Eae and Sta factors were identified in one isolate (1/40; 0.2%). The susceptibility test showed resistance to penicillin and tetracycline in 93% and 80% of the tested isolates, respectively. Discussion: The identification of virulence factors is necessary because E. coli is an enterobacterium present in calves gastrointestinal tract, to prove its pathogenicity. […]

Identification of Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli Isolates from Fecal Samples of Calves in Southern Brazil

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5

Morte súbita em bovinos no Sul do Rio Grande do Sul: epidemiologia e diagnóstico / Sudden death in cattle in southern Brazil: epidemiology and diagnosis

Foi realizado um levantamento nos protocolos de necropsias de bovinos com histórico de morte súbita ou superaguda recebidos no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD/UFPel) entre 2000 e 2014. Para o estudo foram considerados os casos em que os animais tinham morrido inesperadamente sem apresentação de uma doença prévia ou sinal clínico no intervalo de 24 horas antes da observação do cadáver (Categoria 1) ou bovinos movimentados ou que sofreram algum tipo de manejo e morreram após quedas ou tremores com observação destes sinais (Categoria 2). Foram identificados 72 casos ou surtos incluídos nestas duas categorias de um total de 2.031 cadáveres/materiais de bovinos recebidos no LRD/UFPel no período, representando 3,5% do total. Os casos ocorreram em todas as épocas do ano e em 34 casos (47,2%) os bovinos afetados eram adultos, em 23 casos (31,9%) tinham entre dois e três anos e em 11 (15,3%) tinham até um ano de idade. Em quatro protocolos (5,6%) a idade não foi informada. Em 62 casos (86,1%) a forma de criação era extensiva, em sete (9,7%) a forma era semi-intensiva e em três (4,2%) a forma era intensiva. Dos 72 casos/surtos observados 52 (72,2%) foram classificados na Categoria 1 e 20 (27,8%) na Categoria 2. As enfermidades que mais causaram morte súbita ou superaguda foram: babesiose cerebral (10/72), intoxicação por organofosforados (10/72), carbúnculo hemático (7/72), hemoglobinúria bacilar (5/72) e fulguração (3/72). Dos 18 casos inconclusivos em apenas cinco foi realizada a necropsia completa e nos 15 casos negativos a Bacillus anthracis o material remetido não permitiu a pesquisa de outras enfermidades. Os resultados obtidos, permitiram concluir que as mortes súbitas na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul são causadas por doenças, na sua grande maioria, bem conhecidas e endêmicas da região e que podem ser controladas ou evitadas por vacinação e manejo adequados [...](AU)

A survey of cases with history of sudden death in cattle was conducted in all necropsy protocols of the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of the Veterinary School of the Federal University of Pelotas (LRD/UFPel) from 2000 to 2014. We considered animals that had died unexpectedly without prior illness or clinical signs 24 hours before death (Category 1), or before they were moved or suffered some type of management and died after falls or trembling (Category 2). We identified 72 cases (3.5%) from those two categories of a total of 2,031 materials of cattle received in LRD/UFPel. The cases occurred in all seasons of the year. In 34 cases (47.2%), affected cattle had more than four years of age, in 23 cases (31.9%) cattle had between two and three years, and in 11 cases (15.3%) they were up to one year of age. In four protocols (5.6%) age was not reported. In 62 cases (86.1%) the cattle were in an extensive grazing system, in seven (9.7%), they were in a semi-intensive grazing system, and in three cases (4.2%), they were maintained in an intensive farming system. Out of the 72 cases observed, 52 (72.2%) were classified in Category 1 and 20 (27.8%) in Category 2. The diseases that caused more often sudden death, were cerebral babesiosis (10/72), organophosphates poisoning (10/72), anthrax (7/72), bacillary hemoglobinuria (5/72), and fulguration (3/72). Out of the 18 cases considered inconclusive, just five full necropsiey were performed, and of the other 15, the material submitted was considered negative for Bacillus anthracis, and the material did not allow investigation for other diseases. The results showed that sudden deaths in southern Rio Grande do Sul are caused by diseases, mostly well-known and endemic to the region, which can be controlled or prevented by vaccination and appropriate management [...](AU)

Pneumonia causada por Rhodococcus equi em um potro da raça Crioula / Pneumonia by Rhodococcus equi in a Criollo Foal

Background: Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular bacteria, gram positive and telluric. The airway is the main form of transmission. Clinical manifestations include enteritis, lymphadenitis and pneumonia in foals. Foals with pneumonia are infected during the first days of life, although clinical symptoms manifest mainly between 1 and 6 months of age. Susceptibility to infection is related to: amount of microorganism inhaled or ingested; decline of humoral immunity; immune system immaturity and failure in cellular response. The objective of this study is to report the case of a Criollo foal with pneumonia by Rhodococcus equi, with the description of diagnosis and therapeutic methods. Case: In the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics of UFPel, it was attended a Criollo foal, 3 months old, with tachycardia, dyspnea, hyperthermia, mild bilateral nasal mucopurulent secretion and bilateral pulmonary rattling sounds. In CBC it was found hyperfibrinogenemia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia and normocytic normochromic anemia. In the thorax radiographic examination it was evidenced areas with increased radiopacity and irregular edges in dorsal and caudal lung field. In the transtracheal fluid it was isolated Rhodococcus equi bacteria and submitted to antibiogram test. Treatment was based on azithromycin (10 mg/kg), rifampicin (2.5 mg/kg) orally (PO) for 60 days, flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg) intravenously (IV), omeprazole (4 mg/kg) PO for 45 days and fluid was administered from daily clinical evaluation. The foal accompanied by his mother was transferred to a field with improved native pasture, shaded, with water ad libitum and feed 3x a day. After 30 days of hospitalization, the animal presented anorexia, lethargy, fever associated with leukocytosis. At this time it was added to treatment metronidazole (30 mg/kg) PO every 12 h for 10 days. After 35 days, the foal presented severe diarrhea, which ceased in 5 days, and in the first 3 days it was administered activated charcoal PO. The CBC results indicated a reduction in the number of leukocytes and fibrinogen during the hospitalization period. In the same period, the ultrasound evidenced a reduction in lesions diameter observed previously in pulmonary area. After 75 days the foal showed an improvement in overall clinical frame and he was discharged. Discussion: Early diagnosis of R. equi infection allied with the results of laboratory tests, allowed specific and immediate treatment improving the foal prognosis of living. The description of the occurrence of pneumonia R. equi in Criollo foals is unusual. In this case, the animal developed infection during the breeding season (February), when it was housed in a reproduction centre. In this centre, the foal remained part of the day in a sand hose, high ambient temperature, overcrowded paddocks and large turnover of equines from various age groups. These factors predispose to installation and permanence of the disease. Due to Criollo breed appreciation and increased use of assisted reproductive in this breed, the raisin system implies in gathering of factors risk that predispose the occurrence of R. equi in foals. The clinical evaluation associated with laboratory tests was imperative in order to obtain definitive diagnosis of R. equi infection and foals monitoration. The treatment based on the antibiotics azithromycin and rifampin associated with supportive therapy was effective in resolving a clinical case of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in a Criollo foal 3 months old.

Pneumonia by Rhodococcus equi in a Criollo foal / Pneumonia causada por Rhodococcus equi em um potro da raça Crioula

Background: Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular bacteria, gram positive and telluric. The airway is the main form of transmission. Clinical manifestations include enteritis, lymphadenitis and pneumonia in foals. Foals with pneumonia are infected during the first days of life, although clinical symptoms manifest mainly between 1 and 6 months of age. Susceptibility to infection is related to: amount of microorganism inhaled or ingested; decline of humoral immunity; immune system immaturity and failure in cellular response. The objective of this study is to report the case of a Criollo foal with pneumonia by Rhodococcus equi, with the description of diagnosis and therapeutic methods.Case: In the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics of UFPel, it was attended a Criollo foal, 3 months old, with tachycardia, dyspnea, hyperthermia, mild bilateral nasal mucopurulent secretion and bilateral pulmonary rattling sounds. In CBC it was found hyperfi brinogenemia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia and normocytic normochromic anemia. In the thorax radiographic examination it was evidenced areas with increased radiopacity and irregular edges in dorsal and caudal lung fi eld. In the transtracheal fl uid it was isolated Rhodococcus equi bacteria and submitted to antibiogram test. Treatment was based on azithromycin (10 mg/kg), rifampicin (2.5 mg/kg) orally (PO) for 60 days, fl unixin meglumine

Background: Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular bacteria, gram positive and telluric. The airway is the main form of transmission. Clinical manifestations include enteritis, lymphadenitis and pneumonia in foals. Foals with pneumonia are infected during the first days of life, although clinical symptoms manifest mainly between 1 and 6 months of age. Susceptibility to infection is related to: amount of microorganism inhaled or ingested; decline of humoral immunity; immune system immaturity and failure in cellular response. The objective of this study is to report the case of a Criollo foal with pneumonia by Rhodococcus equi, with the description of diagnosis and therapeutic methods.Case: In the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics of UFPel, it was attended a Criollo foal, 3 months old, with tachycardia, dyspnea, hyperthermia, mild bilateral nasal mucopurulent secretion and bilateral pulmonary rattling sounds. In CBC it was found hyperfi brinogenemia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia and normocytic normochromic anemia. In the thorax radiographic examination it was evidenced areas with increased radiopacity and irregular edges in dorsal and caudal lung fi eld. In the transtracheal fl uid it was isolated Rhodococcus equi bacteria and submitted to antibiogram test. Treatment was based on azithromycin (10 mg/kg), rifampicin (2.5 mg/kg) orally (PO) for 60 days, fl unixin meglumine

Enfermidades diagnosticadas em bezerros na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul / Diseases diagnosed in calves in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a frequência das enfermidades que ocorrem em bovinos até um ano de idade na área de influência do Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD) da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) estabelecendo os principais fatores epidemiológicos associados à ocorrência dessas enfermidades. Foram revisados os protocolos de necropsias realizadas e de materiais de bovinos até um ano de idade, encaminhados ao LRD/UFPel entre 2000 e 2011. Em 35,6% dos casos, os bezerros eram de raças leiteiras e em 33,98% eram animais de raças de corte, 18,3% dos bezerros não tinham raça definida e em 12,1% dos casos não constava a raça no protocolo de necropsia. Os sistemas mais afetados foram o sistema nervoso central (22,7%), o digestivo (18,6%) e o respiratório (16,8%). Os diagnósticos foram divididos por faixa etária sendo que 88 bezerros tinham 1-90 dias de idade; 42 casos corresponderam a animais de 4-6 meses; 32 casos corresponderam a bezerros com 7-9 meses e 44 eram bezerros com 10-12 meses de idade. As enfermidades mais frequentemente diagnosticadas nos bezerros de 1-90 dias foram pneumonias, malformações e encefalites/meningoencefalites com 19,3%, 15,9% e 11,3% dos casos, respectivamente. Nos bezerros com 4-6 meses de idade, as pneumonias ocorreram em 16,5% dos casos e o carbúnculo sintomático e as enterites representaram 7,1% dos diagnósticos cada. Nos bezerros de 7-9 meses, as enfermidades mais frequentes foram pneumonias e tétano com 9,3% dos casos e babesiose e parasitoses gastrintestinais com 6,2% cada. Nos bezerros de 10-12 meses a infecção por BoHV-5 representou 13,6% dos casos e as pneumonias, a raiva e as parasitoses foram observadas em 9,% dos casos cada. Com base nos resultados deste trabalho pode-se concluir que as doenças infecciosas relacionadas ao sistema respiratório foram importantes causas de mortalidade em bezerros de todas as faixas etárias na área de influência do LRD e sua ocorrência pode ser influenciada por fatores ambientais e pelo manejo. As encefalites/meningoencefalites foram também importantes como causa de mortalidade em bezerros até os três meses de idade.(AU)

The aim of this study was to report the frequency of diseases affecting cattle under one year of age in the area of influence of the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD) of the Veterinary School of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), establishing the main epidemiological factors associated with the occurrence of these diseases. The necropsy protocols and protocols of mailed in tissues from cattle under one year of age, submitted during 2000-2011 to LRD/UFPel for diagnosis, were reviewed. In 35.6% of the cases, the calves were of dairy breeds, 33.9% were beef calves, 18.3% were of mixed breed, and in 12.1% of the cases the breed was not informed. The organ systems most affected were the central nervous system (22.7%), digestive tract (18.6%) and respiratory system (16.8%). The diagnoses were divided by age groups: 88 calves were 1-90 days of age, 42 were 4-6 months, 32 were 7-9 months, and 44 cattle were 10-12 months of age. The disease most often diagnosed in 1 to 90-day-old calves were pneumonia, malformations and encephalitis/meningoencephalitis, with 19.3%, 15.9% and 11.3% of cases respectively. In 4 to 6-month-old calves, pneumonia occurred in 16.5% of cases, and blackleg and diarrhea accounted for 7.1% of diagnoses each. In 7 to 9-month-old calves the most frequent diseases were pneumonia and tetanus with 9.3% of cases, and babesiosis and gastrointestinal parasitosis with 6.2% each. In 10 to 12-month-old calves, infection by BoHV-5 represented 13.6% of cases, and pneumonia, rabies and parasitosis was observed in 9% of cases each. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that infectious diseases related to the respiratory system were important causes of mortality in calves of all ages until 12 months in the area of influence of LRD and their occurrence may be influenced by environmental factors and by management. Encephalitis/meningoencephalitis were also important as cause of mortality in 3-month-old calves.(AU)