Proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in rabbits in Southern Brazil / Enteropatia proliferativa por Lawsonia intracellularis em coelhos no Sul do Brasil

Proliferative enteropathy (PE), also known as ileitis, is a disease caused by the bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. This disease is characterized by diarrhea and ill-thrift. The aim of this study is to describe a PE outbreak in rabbits that occurred in Southern Brazil. The farm had 700 rabbits at the time the outbreak occurred. The clinical signs were severe diarrhea, dehydration, and apathy. Necropsy was performed in 33 rabbits, and the most evident macroscopic findings were thickening of the intestinal wall, intestinal loops distended by large amounts of gas, and liquid feces. Histopathological examination demonstrated a marked proliferation of enterocytes in intestinal crypts, decrease number of goblet cells, and crypts microabscesses. Silver impregnation technique (Warthin-Starry) demonstrated in intestinal crypts inside of enterocytes cytoplasm, curved vibrioid bacteria compatible with L. intracellularis. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-L. intracellularis confirmed the agent presence. PCR was performed and L. intracellularis was confirmed as the etiological agent.

A enteropatia proliferativa (EP), também conhecida como ileíte, é uma doença causada pela bactéria Lawsonia intracellularis, que é caracterizada por diarreia com redução do ganho de peso. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um surto de EP em coelhos na região sul do Brasil. A propriedade possuía 700 coelhos, durante o período do surto. O quadro clínico caracterizava-se por diarreia severa, desidratação e apatia. Realizou-se o exame de necropsia em 33 coelhos, e as alterações macroscópicas mais evidentes eram: alças intestinais acentuadamente distendidas por gás e fezes líquidas, além de serosa rugosa e parede intestinal moderadamente espessada. Na análise histopatológica do intestino delgado visualizou se marcada hiperplasia de enterócitos de criptas, moderada diminuição do número de células caliciformes e microabscessos de criptas. A etiologia das lesões foi confirmada pela técnica de impregnação pela prata (Warthin-Starry), evidenciando bactérias vibrioides compatíveis com L. intracellularis no ápicede enterócitos das criptas intestinais. Ainda, foi obtida imunomarcação positiva de enterócitos de criptas na imuno-histoquímica com anticorpo anti-L. intracellularis e a PCR positiva em amostras de intestino.

Proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in rabbits in Southern Brazil / Enteropatia proliferativa por Lawsonia intracellularis em coelhos no Sul do Brasil

Proliferative enteropathy (PE), also known as ileitis, is a disease caused by the bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. This disease is characterized by diarrhea and ill-thrift. The aim of this study is to describe a PE outbreak in rabbits that occurred in Southern Brazil. The farm had 700 rabbits at the time the outbreak occurred. The clinical signs were severe diarrhea, dehydration, and apathy. Necropsy was performed in 33 rabbits, and the most evident macroscopic findings were thickening of the intestinal wall, intestinal loops distended by large amounts of gas, and liquid feces. Histopathological examination demonstrated a marked proliferation of enterocytes in intestinal crypts, decrease number of goblet cells, and crypts microabscesses. Silver impregnation technique (Warthin-Starry) demonstrated in intestinal crypts inside of enterocytes cytoplasm, curved vibrioid bacteria compatible with L. intracellularis. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-L. intracellularis confirmed the agent presence. PCR was performed and L. intracellularis was confirmed as the etiological agent.(AU)

A enteropatia proliferativa (EP), também conhecida como ileíte, é uma doença causada pela bactéria Lawsonia intracellularis, que é caracterizada por diarreia com redução do ganho de peso. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um surto de EP em coelhos na região sul do Brasil. A propriedade possuía 700 coelhos, durante o período do surto. O quadro clínico caracterizava-se por diarreia severa, desidratação e apatia. Realizou-se o exame de necropsia em 33 coelhos, e as alterações macroscópicas mais evidentes eram: alças intestinais acentuadamente distendidas por gás e fezes líquidas, além de serosa rugosa e parede intestinal moderadamente espessada. Na análise histopatológica do intestino delgado visualizou se marcada hiperplasia de enterócitos de criptas, moderada diminuição do número de células caliciformes e microabscessos de criptas. A etiologia das lesões foi confirmada pela técnica de impregnação pela prata (Warthin-Starry), evidenciando bactérias vibrioides compatíveis com L. intracellularis no ápicede enterócitos das criptas intestinais. Ainda, foi obtida imunomarcação positiva de enterócitos de criptas na imuno-histoquímica com anticorpo anti-L. intracellularis e a PCR positiva em amostras de intestino.(AU)

Intoxicação espontânea por Ricinus communis em ovinos / Spontaneous poisoning by Ricinus communis in sheep

Background: Ricinus communis (castor bean) is an arbustive plant, popularly known in Brazil as “mamona”. This plant is widely distributed both as a weed in pastures and in specific cultures. All parts of the plant are poisonous and contain the toxic substance ricin, especially the seeds, leaves and pericarp. The ingestion of leaves and pericarp may cause neurological signs. Gross findings are unspecific, however the main finding is the presence of leaves and seeds in the ruminal content. This report aims to describe the clinical, epidemiological and pathological features of a spontaneous poisoning by R. communis in two sheep.Cases: During the month of March of 2015, six sheep that were kept in a native pasture with high amounts of capimannoni (Eragrostis plana) and received alfalfa hay, had access in the morning to an area infested by R. communis, which was previously cut. Two of these animals presented in the same day at the afternoon clinical signs of apathy, dyspnea and recumbency, followed by death. The inspection of the area infested by R. communis revealed that large amounts of seeds and leaves of this plant were consumed. The two sheep were submitted to necropsy, where multiple samples were collected and processed routinely for histology. Grossly, there were cyanotic mucosae and alimentary content around the nostrils. The ruminal content was dry and showed large amounts of partially digested leaves and seeds. Microscopically, rumen, reticulum and omasum had mild hydropic degeneration in the mucosa, in addition to a mild inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells.[...]

Intoxicação espontânea por Ricinus communis em ovinos / Spontaneous poisoning by Ricinus communis in sheep

Background: Ricinus communis (castor bean) is an arbustive plant, popularly known in Brazil as “mamona”. This plant is widely distributed both as a weed in pastures and in specific cultures. All parts of the plant are poisonous and contain the toxic substance ricin, especially the seeds, leaves and pericarp. The ingestion of leaves and pericarp may cause neurological signs. Gross findings are unspecific, however the main finding is the presence of leaves and seeds in the ruminal content. This report aims to describe the clinical, epidemiological and pathological features of a spontaneous poisoning by R. communis in two sheep.Cases: During the month of March of 2015, six sheep that were kept in a native pasture with high amounts of capimannoni (Eragrostis plana) and received alfalfa hay, had access in the morning to an area infested by R. communis, which was previously cut. Two of these animals presented in the same day at the afternoon clinical signs of apathy, dyspnea and recumbency, followed by death. The inspection of the area infested by R. communis revealed that large amounts of seeds and leaves of this plant were consumed. The two sheep were submitted to necropsy, where multiple samples were collected and processed routinely for histology. Grossly, there were cyanotic mucosae and alimentary content around the nostrils. The ruminal content was dry and showed large amounts of partially digested leaves and seeds. Microscopically, rumen, reticulum and omasum had mild hydropic degeneration in the mucosa, in addition to a mild inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells.[...](AU)

Subzygomatic and infraorbital approaches for maxillary nerve blockade in cats' cadaver / Abordagens subzigomática e infraorbitária para o bloqueio do nervo maxilar em cadáver de gatos

This study compared the accuracy of dye placement on the maxillary nerve by using the percutaneous subzigomatic (SBZ) and infraorbitary (IO) approaches in cats’ cadavers. A second aim was to compare the accuracy of dye placement on the maxillary nerve between different untrained anesthetists. This was a prospective, randomized, blinded study, performed in 40 heads obtained from feline cadavers. Three veterinarians (A, B and C) with no previous experience with the IO approach performed the experiments. The SBZ approach was randomly performed on one side of the head and the IO approach was performed in the contralateral side of the same head. For each approach, 0.2ml of 1% methylene blue dye was injected. Scores for length of nerve staining were as follows: 0 (failure), no staining; 1 (moderate), <6mm of nerve stained; and 2 (ideal), ≥6mm of nerve stained. Median scores (interquartile range) for the SBZ and IO approaches were 2.0 (0.3-2.0) and 1.0 (0.0-2.0), respectively. Scores for length of nerve staining were higher with the SBZ approach than the IO approach (P=0.016). Considering the scores for both the SBZ and IO approaches, there was a significant difference among the three veterinarians (P=0.002). Results of this study do not support the IO approach to perform a maxillary nerve block in cats. A greater accuracy of methylene blue dye placement was observed with the SBZ approach. A variable accuracy may exist between different veterinarians when performing a maxillary nerve block employing the SBZ and IO techniques in cats.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o acesso do nervo maxilar pela abordagem subzigomática (SBZ) com a abordagem pelo forame infraorbitário (IO) em peças anatômicas de gatos utilizando o corante azul de metileno. Um segundo objetivo foi comparar a acurácia na coloração do nervo maxilar com o azul de metileno entre diferentes anestesistas que não receberam treinamento prévio. Este estudo foi prospectivo, randomizado, cego, realizado em 40 peças anatômicas de cabeças de gatos. Três veterinários (A, B e C), sem experiência prévia da abordagem IO, realizaram o experimento. A abordagem SBZ foi aleatoriamente realizada em um dos lados da cabeça e a abordagem IO foi realizada no lado contralateral da mesma peça anatômica. Para cada abordagem, utilizou-se 0,2mL do corante azul de metileno 1%. Classificou-se o escore de coloração baseado no comprimento do nervo maxilar corado pelo azul de metileno conforme a escala: 0 (falha da técnica), sem coloração; 1 (moderado), <6mm de coloração do nervo maxilar; 2 (ideal), ≥6mm de coloração do nervo maxilar. As medianas (intervalo interquartil) para as abordagens SBZ e IO (dados de todos os veterinários juntos) foram respectivamente 2,0 (0,3-2,0) e 1,0 (0,0-2,0). A abordagem SBZ foi associada a um escore de coloração, significativamente, maior do que a abordagem IO (P=0,016). Considerando os escores de ambas abordagens (SBZ e IO), houve diferença significativa nos escores de coloração do nervo maxilar entre os três veterinários anestesistas (P=0,002). Os resultados deste estudo não sustentam a utilização da abordagem IO para a realização do bloqueio maxilar em gatos. Uma melhor acurácia na coloração do nervo maxilar com o azul de metileno foi observada com a abordagem SBZ. A acurácia da técnica pode variar quando as abordagens SBZ e IO são realizadas por veterinários diferentes, com o objetivo de se obter o bloqueio do nervo maxilar.

Subzygomatic and infraorbital approaches for maxillary nerve blockade in cats' cadaver / Abordagens subzigomática e infraorbitária para o bloqueio do nervo maxilar em cadáver de gatos

This study compared the accuracy of dye placement on the maxillary nerve by using the percutaneous subzigomatic (SBZ) and infraorbitary (IO) approaches in cats cadavers. A second aim was to compare the accuracy of dye placement on the maxillary nerve between different untrained anesthetists. This was a prospective, randomized, blinded study, performed in 40 heads obtained from feline cadavers. Three veterinarians (A, B and C) with no previous experience with the IO approach performed the experiments. The SBZ approach was randomly performed on one side of the head and the IO approach was performed in the contralateral side of the same head. For each approach, 0.2ml of 1% methylene blue dye was injected. Scores for length of nerve staining were as follows: 0 (failure), no staining; 1 (moderate), <6mm of nerve stained; and 2 (ideal), ≥6mm of nerve stained. Median scores (interquartile range) for the SBZ and IO approaches were 2.0 (0.3-2.0) and 1.0 (0.0-2.0), respectively. Scores for length of nerve staining were higher with the SBZ approach than the IO approach (P=0.016). Considering the scores for both the SBZ and IO approaches, there was a significant difference among the three veterinarians (P=0.002). Results of this study do not support the IO approach to perform a maxillary nerve block in cats. A greater accuracy of methylene blue dye placement was observed with the SBZ approach. A variable accuracy may exist between different veterinarians when performing a maxillary nerve block employing the SBZ and IO techniques in cats.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o acesso do nervo maxilar pela abordagem subzigomática (SBZ) com a abordagem pelo forame infraorbitário (IO) em peças anatômicas de gatos utilizando o corante azul de metileno. Um segundo objetivo foi comparar a acurácia na coloração do nervo maxilar com o azul de metileno entre diferentes anestesistas que não receberam treinamento prévio. Este estudo foi prospectivo, randomizado, cego, realizado em 40 peças anatômicas de cabeças de gatos. Três veterinários (A, B e C), sem experiência prévia da abordagem IO, realizaram o experimento. A abordagem SBZ foi aleatoriamente realizada em um dos lados da cabeça e a abordagem IO foi realizada no lado contralateral da mesma peça anatômica. Para cada abordagem, utilizou-se 0,2mL do corante azul de metileno 1%. Classificou-se o escore de coloração baseado no comprimento do nervo maxilar corado pelo azul de metileno conforme a escala: 0 (falha da técnica), sem coloração; 1 (moderado), <6mm de coloração do nervo maxilar; 2 (ideal), ≥6mm de coloração do nervo maxilar. As medianas (intervalo interquartil) para as abordagens SBZ e IO (dados de todos os veterinários juntos) foram respectivamente 2,0 (0,3-2,0) e 1,0 (0,0-2,0). A abordagem SBZ foi associada a um escore de coloração, significativamente, maior do que a abordagem IO (P=0,016). Considerando os escores de ambas abordagens (SBZ e IO), houve diferença significativa nos escores de coloração do nervo maxilar entre os três veterinários anestesistas (P=0,002). Os resultados deste estudo não sustentam a utilização da abordagem IO para a realização do bloqueio maxilar em gatos. Uma melhor acurácia na coloração do nervo maxilar com o azul de metileno foi observada com a abordagem SBZ. A acurácia da técnica pode variar quando as abordagens SBZ e IO são realizadas por veterinários diferentes, com o objetivo de se obter o bloqueio do nervo maxilar.(AU)

Facial nerve ganglioneuroblastoma in a feline leukemia virus-positive cat / Ganglioneuroblastoma de nervo facial em um gato infectado pelo vírus da leucemia felina

Neuroblastic tumors can originate from the central neuraxis, olfactory epithelium, adrenal medullary region or autonomous system. Ganglioneuroblastoma are a type of neuroblastic tumor, with very few case descriptions in animals. Diagnosis of facial nerve ganglioneuroblastoma was made in a feline leukemia virus-positive 11-month-old cat. The cat had hyporexia, left head tilt, depressed mental state, horizontal nystagmus, inability to retract the pinched left lip, anisocoria, ptosis, and absence of the menace reflex. Gross necropsy showed a mass at the left facial nerve root region. Histological examination of this mass showed neoplastic proliferation of neuroblasts arranged in a cohesive pattern and mature ganglion cells. Ganglion cells were positive for neurofilament, neuron-specific enolase, S100, and glial fibrillary acidic protein by immunohistochemistry, while neuroblasts were positive for vimentin, S100, neuron-specific enolase and feline leukemia virus.

Tumores neuroblásticos podem se originar do neuraxis central, do epitélio olfativo, região medular da adrenal ou do sistema autônomo. O ganglioneuroblastoma é um tipo desses tumores, com raras descrições em animais. O diagnóstico de ganglioneuroblastoma de nervo facial foi feito em um gato de 11 meses de idade, sorologicamente positivo para o vírus da leucemia felina. O gato tinha hiporexia, inclinação de cabeça para o lado esquerdo, estado mental deprimido, nistagmo horizontal, incapacidade em retrair o lábio esquerdo quando pinçado, anisocoria, ptose e ausência do reflexo de ameaça. Na necropsia visualizou-se uma massa na região da raiz do nervo facial esquerdo. O exame histológico mostrou proliferação neoplásica de neuroblastos arranjados de maneira coesa, e células ganglionares maduras. As células ganglionares foram imunorreativas na imuno-histoquímica para neurofilamento, enolase neurônio específica, S-100 e proteína ácida glial fibrilar. Enquanto os neuroblastos foram positivos para vimentina, S-100, enolase neurônio específica e vírus da leucemia felina.

Nephroblastoma with lymphatic metastasis in an Angus calf: scientific communication / Nefroblastoma com metástase linfática em um bezerro Angus: comunicação científica

Nephroblastoma is a congenital renal neoplasm composed of metanephric blastema and stromal cells. A one-year-old male Angus calf presented with diarrhea, nasal discharge, cough and weight loss. Serum levels of creatinine and urea were increased, with reduction in the level of albumin. After eight days, clinical condition got worse and the calf died. On necropsy, the cranial pole of the left kidney presented a firm whitish mass (30 x 21 x 14 cm). Multifocal to coalescing firm whitish nodules were observed on the serosa of the large intestine, in the mesentery and in the adventitia of the urinary bladder. All lung lobes contained multifocal to coalescing firm whitish elevated nodules (0.5 to 1 cm of diameter). Histologically, renal mass consisted of neoplastic proliferation of embryonal epithelial and mesenchymal cells, intermixed with large amounts of blastema cells. The nodules on large intestine, mesentery, urinary bladder and lungs were composed mainly of blastema cells and mild amount of mesenchymal cells. Blastema cells were also observed within lymphatic vessels in lung parenchyma. Embryonal epithelial, mesenchymal and blastema cells showed, respectively, positive immunostain for cytokeratin, vimentin and S100. Based on pathological and immunohistochemical findings, the tumor was diagnosed as nephroblastoma in a calf with metastasis through lymphatic vessels to lungs, large intestine, mesentery and urinary bladder.(AU)

O nefroblastoma é uma neoplasia renal congênita composta por um blastema metanéfrico e células estromais. Um bezerro Angus, macho, de um ano de idade apresentou diarreia, descarga nasal, tosse e perda de peso. Os níveis de creatinina e ureia estavam aumentados, com albumina diminuída. Após oito dias, a condição clínica piorou e o bezerro veio a óbito. Na necropsia, o polo cranial do rim esquerdo apresentou uma massa brancacenta firme (30 x 21 x 14 cm). Nódulos brancacentos firmes multifocais a coalescentes foram visualizados na serosa do intestino grosso, mesentério e adventícia da bexiga. Nos pulmões nódulos elevados brancacentos firmes (0.5 a 1 cm de diâmetro) multifocais a coalescentes foram observados. Histologicamente, a massa no rim consistia em proliferação neoplásica de células embrionais epiteliais e mesenquimais, entremeadas a grande quantidade de células blastemais. Os nódulos no intestino grosso, mesentério, bexiga e pulmões eram compostos principalmente por células blastemais e discreta quantidade de células mesenquimais. As células blastemais foram também observadas no interior de vasos linfáticos no parênquima pulmonar. As células embrionais epiteliais, mesenquimais e blastemais apresentaram, respectivamente, imunomarcação positiva para citoqueratina, vimentina e S100. Baseado nos achados patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos este caso foi diagnosticado como um nefroblastoma em um bezerro com metástases através de vasos linfáticos aos pulmões, intestino grosso, mesentério e bexiga.(AU)

Facial nerve ganglioneuroblastoma in a feline leukemia virus-positive cat / Ganglioneuroblastoma de nervo facial em um gato infectado pelo vírus da leucemia felina

Neuroblastic tumors can originate from the central neuraxis, olfactory epithelium, adrenal medullary region or autonomous system. Ganglioneuroblastoma are a type of neuroblastic tumor, with very few case descriptions in animals. Diagnosis of facial nerve ganglioneuroblastoma was made in a feline leukemia virus-positive 11-month-old cat. The cat had hyporexia, left head tilt, depressed mental state, horizontal nystagmus, inability to retract the pinched left lip, anisocoria, ptosis, and absence of the menace reflex. Gross necropsy showed a mass at the left facial nerve root region. Histological examination of this mass showed neoplastic proliferation of neuroblasts arranged in a cohesive pattern and mature ganglion cells. Ganglion cells were positive for neurofilament, neuron-specific enolase, S100, and glial fibrillary acidic protein by immunohistochemistry, while neuroblasts were positive for vimentin, S100, neuron-specific enolase and feline leukemia virus.(AU)

Tumores neuroblásticos podem se originar do neuraxis central, do epitélio olfativo, região medular da adrenal ou do sistema autônomo. O ganglioneuroblastoma é um tipo desses tumores, com raras descrições em animais. O diagnóstico de ganglioneuroblastoma de nervo facial foi feito em um gato de 11 meses de idade, sorologicamente positivo para o vírus da leucemia felina. O gato tinha hiporexia, inclinação de cabeça para o lado esquerdo, estado mental deprimido, nistagmo horizontal, incapacidade em retrair o lábio esquerdo quando pinçado, anisocoria, ptose e ausência do reflexo de ameaça. Na necropsia visualizou-se uma massa na região da raiz do nervo facial esquerdo. O exame histológico mostrou proliferação neoplásica de neuroblastos arranjados de maneira coesa, e células ganglionares maduras. As células ganglionares foram imunorreativas na imuno-histoquímica para neurofilamento, enolase neurônio específica, S-100 e proteína ácida glial fibrilar. Enquanto os neuroblastos foram positivos para vimentina, S-100, enolase neurônio específica e vírus da leucemia felina.(AU)

Equine nasopharyngeal cryptococcoma due to Cryptococcus gattii / Criptocoma nasofaríngeo equino devido a Cryptococcus gattii

Cryptococcus gattii is often associated with pulmonary and systemic infections in humans and animals. In this research we report a case of nasopharyngeal cryptococoma caused by C. gatti in an equine. A 10-year-old mare presented a mass obstructing the oropharynx. Macroscopically the mass was asymmetric, and was attached to the ethmoidal sinuses and obstructed the oropharynx. Histopathological examination of the mass revealed multiple yeast cells ranging from spherical to oval, 4-8m in diameter, with some of them showing narrow base polar budding. Cryptococcus gattii growth in mycological culture (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar) and was L-canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue Agar positive. The molecular identification confirmed the isolate as C. gattii by means of the amplification of universal primers. C. gattii is considered an emerging fungal agent, as it affects human and animals and does not respond efficiently to commonly established treatments.

Cryptococcus gattii é frequentemente associada a infecções pulmonares e sistêmicas em humanos e animais. Neste relato descreve-se um caso de criptococoma nasofaríngeo por C. gatti em um equino. Uma égua de 10 anos, apresentou uma massa obstruindo a orofaringe. Macroscopicamente a massa era assimétrica, e estava aderida aos seios etmoidais obstruindo a orofaringe. O exame histopatológico da massa revelou múltiplas células leveduriformes variando de esféricas a ovais, de 4-8m de diâmetro, com algumas delas apresentando brotação polar de base estreita. Cryptococcus gattii foi isolado na cultura micológica (Ágar sabouraud dextrose) e foi positivo no Ágar L-canavanina-glicina-azul de bromotimol. A identificação molecular confirmou o isolado como C. gattii por meio da amplificação de primers universais. O diagnóstico de criptococoma por C. gattii nasofaríngeo foi baseado nos sinais clínicos, achados macroscópicos, lesões histológicas, cultura micológica e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase. O C. gattii é considerado um agente fúngico emergente, pois acometendo humanos e animais, não respondendo com eficiência aos tratamentos comumente estabelecidos.

Rangeliosis: histopathological analysis, hematology and molecular detection of canine Rangelia vitalii in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Rangeliose: achados anatomopatológicos, hematológicos e detecção molecular de Rangelia vitalii em cães no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

In the period from January 2004 to December 2015, 56 dogs were diagnosed with rangeliosis in the Setor de Patologia Veterinária at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS). The main hematological abnormalities were thrombocytopenia and anemia. The affected dogs showed signs of apathy, anorexia, fetid and bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. At necropsy, the main changes were jaundice, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and lymphadenomegaly. Histological analyses revealed parasitophorous vacuoles of Rangelia vitalii in cytoplasmic endothelial cells, mainly in the heart, kidneys, lymph nodes, intestines, and pancreas. Inflammation characterized by mononuclear cells was predominant in the analysis, and most was due to the presence of plasma cells. Other lesion types observed were lymphoid hyperplasia, extramedullary hematopoiesis, erythrophagocytosis, and erythroid lineage hyperplasia in bone marrow. Of the total number of animals, 49 were diagnosed using necropsy and histological analysis, and seven were diagnosed using a molecular analysis (i.e., PCR and genetic sequencing of blood samples). This paper presented a different method of diagnosing rangeliosis in canines. This approach involved histological methods including the quantification and determination of the intensity and distribution of the infectious agent in different organs.

No período de janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2015, 56 caninos domésticos obtiveram o diagnóstico de rangeliose no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Os cães apresentaram sinais de apatia, anorexia, diarreia fétida e sanguinolenta, êmese e desidratação. As principais alterações hematológicas foram trombocitopenia e anemia. Na necropsia as principais alterações foram icterícia, esplenomegalia, hepatomegalia e linfadenomegalia. Na análise histológica observou-se vacúolos parasitóforos de Rangelia vitalii no citoplasma de células endoteliais, principalmente no coração, rins, linfonodos, intestinos e pâncreas. A inflamação mononuclear foi predominante na análise, sendo que a maioria deu-se pela presença de plasmócitos. Entre outras lesões frequentemente observadas estão hiperplasia linfoide, hematopoiese extramedular e eritrofagocitose, e hiperplasia de linhagem eritroide em medula óssea. Do total, 49 cães foram diagnosticados através de necropsia e análise histológica, e 7 animais através de análise molecular da PCR e sequenciamento genético de amostras de sangue. Este trabalho apresenta um diagnóstico diferencial de rangeliose em caninos, através do método histológico de quantificação e determinação de intensidade e distribuição do agente em diferentes órgãos.

Equine nasopharyngeal cryptococcoma due to Cryptococcus gattii / Criptocoma nasofaríngeo equino devido a Cryptococcus gattii

Cryptococcus gattii is often associated with pulmonary and systemic infections in humans and animals. In this research we report a case of nasopharyngeal cryptococoma caused by C. gatti in an equine. A 10-year-old mare presented a mass obstructing the oropharynx. Macroscopically the mass was asymmetric, and was attached to the ethmoidal sinuses and obstructed the oropharynx. Histopathological examination of the mass revealed multiple yeast cells ranging from spherical to oval, 4-8m in diameter, with some of them showing narrow base polar budding. Cryptococcus gattii growth in mycological culture (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar) and was L-canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue Agar positive. The molecular identification confirmed the isolate as C. gattii by means of the amplification of universal primers. C. gattii is considered an emerging fungal agent, as it affects human and animals and does not respond efficiently to commonly established treatments.(AU)

Cryptococcus gattii é frequentemente associada a infecções pulmonares e sistêmicas em humanos e animais. Neste relato descreve-se um caso de criptococoma nasofaríngeo por C. gatti em um equino. Uma égua de 10 anos, apresentou uma massa obstruindo a orofaringe. Macroscopicamente a massa era assimétrica, e estava aderida aos seios etmoidais obstruindo a orofaringe. O exame histopatológico da massa revelou múltiplas células leveduriformes variando de esféricas a ovais, de 4-8m de diâmetro, com algumas delas apresentando brotação polar de base estreita. Cryptococcus gattii foi isolado na cultura micológica (Ágar sabouraud dextrose) e foi positivo no Ágar L-canavanina-glicina-azul de bromotimol. A identificação molecular confirmou o isolado como C. gattii por meio da amplificação de primers universais. O diagnóstico de criptococoma por C. gattii nasofaríngeo foi baseado nos sinais clínicos, achados macroscópicos, lesões histológicas, cultura micológica e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase. O C. gattii é considerado um agente fúngico emergente, pois acometendo humanos e animais, não respondendo com eficiência aos tratamentos comumente estabelecidos.(AU)

Rangeliosis: histopathological analysis, hematology and molecular detection of canine Rangelia vitalii in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Rangeliose: achados anatomopatológicos, hematológicos e detecção molecular de Rangelia vitalii em cães no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

In the period from January 2004 to December 2015, 56 dogs were diagnosed with rangeliosis in the Setor de Patologia Veterinária at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS). The main hematological abnormalities were thrombocytopenia and anemia. The affected dogs showed signs of apathy, anorexia, fetid and bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. At necropsy, the main changes were jaundice, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and lymphadenomegaly. Histological analyses revealed parasitophorous vacuoles of Rangelia vitalii in cytoplasmic endothelial cells, mainly in the heart, kidneys, lymph nodes, intestines, and pancreas. Inflammation characterized by mononuclear cells was predominant in the analysis, and most was due to the presence of plasma cells. Other lesion types observed were lymphoid hyperplasia, extramedullary hematopoiesis, erythrophagocytosis, and erythroid lineage hyperplasia in bone marrow. Of the total number of animals, 49 were diagnosed using necropsy and histological analysis, and seven were diagnosed using a molecular analysis (i.e., PCR and genetic sequencing of blood samples). This paper presented a different method of diagnosing rangeliosis in canines. This approach involved histological methods including the quantification and determination of the intensity and distribution of the infectious agent in different organs.(AU)

No período de janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2015, 56 caninos domésticos obtiveram o diagnóstico de rangeliose no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Os cães apresentaram sinais de apatia, anorexia, diarreia fétida e sanguinolenta, êmese e desidratação. As principais alterações hematológicas foram trombocitopenia e anemia. Na necropsia as principais alterações foram icterícia, esplenomegalia, hepatomegalia e linfadenomegalia. Na análise histológica observou-se vacúolos parasitóforos de Rangelia vitalii no citoplasma de células endoteliais, principalmente no coração, rins, linfonodos, intestinos e pâncreas. A inflamação mononuclear foi predominante na análise, sendo que a maioria deu-se pela presença de plasmócitos. Entre outras lesões frequentemente observadas estão hiperplasia linfoide, hematopoiese extramedular e eritrofagocitose, e hiperplasia de linhagem eritroide em medula óssea. Do total, 49 cães foram diagnosticados através de necropsia e análise histológica, e 7 animais através de análise molecular da PCR e sequenciamento genético de amostras de sangue. Este trabalho apresenta um diagnóstico diferencial de rangeliose em caninos, através do método histológico de quantificação e determinação de intensidade e distribuição do agente em diferentes órgãos.(AU)

Intracranial transitional meningioma in a cat / Meningioma transicional intracraniano em gato

Background: Meningioma is a tumor that is usually attached to the dura mater. It typically arises from the meningothelial cell of the arachnoid or pia mater. Considered an extra-axial tumor of the central nervous system which can occur on any region of the meninges. The biological behavior tends to be benign and usually is not infiltrative allowing surgical indication, conferring to the patient a better prognosis. Geriatric patients are the most affected and there is no breed predisposition. This paper describes the clinical signs, pathological findings, and immunohistochemical features of a case of transitional meningioma in a cat. Case: A 14-year-old, neutered male mongrel cat was referred to the Veterinary Clinic Hospital. The history was that the cat had anorexia and disorientation. On the day of admission, lethargy and blindness were observed. Full complete blood counts showed leukopenia and lymphopenia. The serum biochemistry tests were unspecific. Thoracic and skull radiographs and ultrasound examination revealed no abnormalities. The cat was hospitalized and the main treatment was based on antibiotics and corticosteroids. The cat tested negative for FIV and FeLV. Toxoplasma gondii serum antibodies were not detected using indirect fluorescent antibody test performed with a commercial kit. The clinical signs progressed to walking in circles, stumbling, wandering [...](AU)

Intracranial transitional meningioma in a cat / Meningioma transicional intracraniano em gato

Background: Meningioma is a tumor that is usually attached to the dura mater. It typically arises from the meningothelial cell of the arachnoid or pia mater. Considered an extra-axial tumor of the central nervous system which can occur on any region of the meninges. The biological behavior tends to be benign and usually is not infiltrative allowing surgical indication, conferring to the patient a better prognosis. Geriatric patients are the most affected and there is no breed predisposition. This paper describes the clinical signs, pathological findings, and immunohistochemical features of a case of transitional meningioma in a cat. Case: A 14-year-old, neutered male mongrel cat was referred to the Veterinary Clinic Hospital. The history was that the cat had anorexia and disorientation. On the day of admission, lethargy and blindness were observed. Full complete blood counts showed leukopenia and lymphopenia. The serum biochemistry tests were unspecific. Thoracic and skull radiographs and ultrasound examination revealed no abnormalities. The cat was hospitalized and the main treatment was based on antibiotics and corticosteroids. The cat tested negative for FIV and FeLV. Toxoplasma gondii serum antibodies were not detected using indirect fluorescent antibody test performed with a commercial kit. The clinical signs progressed to walking in circles, stumbling, wandering [...]

Autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis in urban area of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil / Leishmaniose Visceral Canina autóctone na região urbana de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

Background: Leishmaniasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by intracellular protozoan Leishmania that affects canine and human. The visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by the Leishmania donovani complex, in which canines are the main reservoir for human VL. In Southern Brazil, case reports of this disease have increased, especially when canines are infected in endemic areas in the country. Canines usually present a systemic disease, characterized by cutaneous lesions, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. This report aims to describe the clinicalpathological features of a case of autochthonous VL in a canine of an urban area of Porto Alegre. Case: A male, mixed breed, dog , 7 year-old, resident at the East Side of Porto Alegre, living together with two other canines, presented at clinical examination progressive weight loss, associated with hyporexia and hyperthermia, evolving to lateral recumbency, paralisys, and death. At necropsy, the dog was cachectic with diffusely pale mucosae. Gross findings included liver enlarged, with multifocal firm brownish areas, spleen enlarged, showing multifocal firm round dark-red areas, and kidneys diffusely pale with evidentiated tranversal striations on cortical zone. At microscopic examination, there was on the spleen diffuse inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages with large cytoplasm containing multiple amastigotes. The liver, exhibited atrophy of hepatocytes and moderate multifocal inflammatory infiltrate in sinusoids of macrophages containing multiple amastigotes. These features were also observed moderately on lymph nodes and lamina propria of large intestine.[...]

Emphysematous abomasitis in a lamb by bacteria of the Sarcina genus in Southern Brazil / Abomasite enfisematosa por bactérias do gênero Sarcina em um cordeiro no sul do Brasil

Abomasal bloat associated with Sarcina genus bacteria is a rare condition reported in young ruminants. An outbreak characterized by the sudden death of eight lambs from a total of 80 lambs (30 days-old) occurred on a property located in the city of Palmares do Sul in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Deaths began to occur after the introduction of supplementation into the diet of lambs. At necropsy, the abomasum was distended by gas and had diffusely thickened walls and emphysema. On microscopic examination, the abomasum showed marked diffuse emphysema and multifocal areas of mild superficial necrosis with many coccoid structures measuring approximately 2µm in diameter, arranged in tetrads, compatible with Sarcina genus bacteria. After removing supplementation from the diet, no more deaths occurred. The diagnosis of this case was established by gross and microscopic lesions in addition to the clinical and epidemiological findings. Therefore, it was concluded that it was an outbreak of emphysematous abomasitis by Sarcina genus bacteria in lambs.(AU)

Timpanismo abomasal associado a bactérias do gênero Sarcina é uma enfermidade relativamente rara e reportada em ruminantes jovens. Um surto com morte súbita, acometendo oito cordeiros (30 dias de idade), de um total de 80, ocorreu em uma propriedade localizada no município de Palmares do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. As mortes começaram a ocorrer após a introdução de suplementação na dieta dos cordeiros. Um cordeiro foi necropsiado e apresentava o abomaso distendido por gás, com parede espessada e aspecto enfisematoso. No exame microscópico, o abomaso apresentou, além de enfisema difuso acentuado, áreas multifocais de discreta necrose superficial, com inúmeras estruturas cocoides, de aproximadamente 2µm de diâmetro, arranjadas em tétrades, compatíveis com bactérias do gênero Sarcina. Após a remoção da suplementação da dieta, não ocorreram mais óbitos. O diagnóstico desse caso foi estabelecido a partir dos achados macroscópicos e microscópicos observados no abomaso e, devido à apresentação clínica e epidemiológica dos demais casos, concluiu-se que se tratou de um surto de abomasite enfisematosa em cordeiros por bactérias do gênero Sarcina.(AU)

Autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis in urban area of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil / Leishmaniose Visceral Canina autóctone na região urbana de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

Background: Leishmaniasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by intracellular protozoan Leishmania that affects canine and human. The visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by the Leishmania donovani complex, in which canines are the main reservoir for human VL. In Southern Brazil, case reports of this disease have increased, especially when canines are infected in endemic areas in the country. Canines usually present a systemic disease, characterized by cutaneous lesions, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. This report aims to describe the clinicalpathological features of a case of autochthonous VL in a canine of an urban area of Porto Alegre. Case: A male, mixed breed, dog , 7 year-old, resident at the East Side of Porto Alegre, living together with two other canines, presented at clinical examination progressive weight loss, associated with hyporexia and hyperthermia, evolving to lateral recumbency, paralisys, and death. At necropsy, the dog was cachectic with diffusely pale mucosae. Gross findings included liver enlarged, with multifocal firm brownish areas, spleen enlarged, showing multifocal firm round dark-red areas, and kidneys diffusely pale with evidentiated tranversal striations on cortical zone. At microscopic examination, there was on the spleen diffuse inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages with large cytoplasm containing multiple amastigotes. The liver, exhibited atrophy of hepatocytes and moderate multifocal inflammatory infiltrate in sinusoids of macrophages containing multiple amastigotes. These features were also observed moderately on lymph nodes and lamina propria of large intestine.[...](AU)

Nephroblastoma with lymphatic metastasis in an Angus calf: scientific communication / Nefroblastoma com metástase linfática em um bezerro Angus: comunicação científica

Nephroblastoma is a congenital renal neoplasm composed of metanephric blastema and stromal cells. A one-year-old male Angus calf presented with diarrhea, nasal discharge, cough and weight loss. Serum levels of creatinine and urea were increased, with reduction in the level of albumin. After eight days, clinical condition got worse and the calf died. On necropsy, the cranial pole of the left kidney presented a firm whitish mass (30 x 21 x 14 cm). Multifocal to coalescing firm whitish nodules were observed on the serosa of the large intestine, in the mesentery and in the adventitia of the urinary bladder. All lung lobes contained multifocal to coalescing firm whitish elevated nodules (0.5 to 1 cm of diameter). Histologically, renal mass consisted of neoplastic proliferation of embryonal epithelial and mesenchymal cells, intermixed with large amounts of blastema cells. The nodules on large intestine, mesentery, urinary bladder and lungs were composed mainly of blastema cells and mild amount of mesenchymal cells. Blastema cells were also observed within lymphatic vessels in lung parenchyma. Embryonal epithelial, mesenchymal and blastema cells showed, respectively, positive immunostain for cytokeratin, vimentin and S100. Based on pathological and immunohistochemical findings, the tumor was diagnosed as nephroblastoma in a calf with metastasis through lymphatic vessels to lungs, large intestine, mesentery and urinary bladder.

O nefroblastoma é uma neoplasia renal congênita composta por um blastema metanéfrico e células estromais. Um bezerro Angus, macho, de um ano de idade apresentou diarreia, descarga nasal, tosse e perda de peso. Os níveis de creatinina e ureia estavam aumentados, com albumina diminuída. Após oito dias, a condição clínica piorou e o bezerro veio a óbito. Na necropsia, o polo cranial do rim esquerdo apresentou uma massa brancacenta firme (30 x 21 x 14 cm). Nódulos brancacentos firmes multifocais a coalescentes foram visualizados na serosa do intestino grosso, mesentério e adventícia da bexiga. Nos pulmões nódulos elevados brancacentos firmes (0.5 a 1 cm de diâmetro) multifocais a coalescentes foram observados. Histologicamente, a massa no rim consistia em proliferação neoplásica de células embrionais epiteliais e mesenquimais, entremeadas a grande quantidade de células blastemais. Os nódulos no intestino grosso, mesentério, bexiga e pulmões eram compostos principalmente por células blastemais e discreta quantidade de células mesenquimais. As células blastemais foram também observadas no interior de vasos linfáticos no parênquima pulmonar. As células embrionais epiteliais, mesenquimais e blastemais apresentaram, respectivamente, imunomarcação positiva para citoqueratina, vimentina e S100. Baseado nos achados patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos este caso foi diagnosticado como um nefroblastoma em um bezerro com metástases através de vasos linfáticos aos pulmões, intestino grosso, mesentério e bexiga.

Nephroblastoma with lymphatic metastasis in an Angus calf: scientific communication / Nefroblastoma com metástase linfática em um bezerro Angus: comunicação científica

Nephroblastoma is a congenital renal neoplasm composed of metanephric blastema and stromal cells. A one-year-old male Angus calf presented with diarrhea, nasal discharge, cough and weight loss. Serum levels of creatinine and urea were increased, with reduction in the level of albumin. After eight days, clinical condition got worse and the calf died. On necropsy, the cranial pole of the left kidney presented a firm whitish mass (30 x 21 x 14 cm). Multifocal to coalescing firm whitish nodules were observed on the serosa of the large intestine, in the mesentery and in the adventitia of the urinary bladder. All lung lobes contained multifocal to coalescing firm whitish elevated nodules (0.5 to 1 cm of diameter). Histologically, renal mass consisted of neoplastic proliferation of embryonal epithelial and mesenchymal cells, intermixed with large amounts of blastema cells. The nodules on large intestine, mesentery, urinary bladder and lungs were composed mainly of blastema cells and mild amount of mesenchymal cells. Blastema cells were also observed within lymphatic vessels in lung parenchyma. Embryonal epithelial, mesenchymal and blastema cells showed, respectively, positive immunostain for cytokeratin, vimentin and S100. Based on pathological and immunohistochemical findings, the tumor was diagnosed as nephroblastoma in a calf with metastasis through lymphatic vessels to lungs, larg

O nefroblastoma é uma neoplasia renal congênita composta por um blastema metanéfrico e células estromais. Um bezerro Angus, macho, de um ano de idade apresentou diarreia, descarga nasal, tosse e perda de peso. Os níveis de creatinina e ureia estavam aumentados, com albumina diminuída. Após oito dias, a condição clínica piorou e o bezerro veio a óbito. Na necropsia, o polo cranial do rim esquerdo apresentou uma massa brancacenta firme (30 x 21 x 14 cm). Nódulos brancacentos firmes multifocais a coalescentes foram visualizados na serosa do intestino grosso, mesentério e adventícia da bexiga. Nos pulmões nódulos elevados brancacentos firmes (0.5 a 1 cm de diâmetro) multifocais a coalescentes foram observados. Histologicamente, a massa no rim consistia em proliferação neoplásica de células embrionais epiteliais e mesenquimais, entremeadas a grande quantidade de células blastemais. Os nódulos no intestino grosso, mesentério, bexiga e pulmões eram compostos principalmente por células blastemais e discreta quantidade de células mesenquimais. As células blastemais foram também observadas no interior de vasos linfáticos no parênquima pulmonar. As células embrionais epiteliais, mesenquimais e blastemais apresentaram, respectivamente, imunomarcação positiva para citoqueratina, vimentina e S100. Baseado nos achados patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos este caso foi diagnosticado como um nefro