Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on performance and carcass yield of broilers

This study evaluated the effects of including Moringa oleifera (moringa) leaf meal on performance, carcass yield and characteristics, and relative organ weights of broilers from 10 to 42 days of age. We distributed 420 male Cobb 500 chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates with 14 birds each. Treatments consisted of five experimental diets in which the moringa leaf meal was included at 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0% in the diets. The following performance variables were evaluated: weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion; weights and yields of carcass, carcass traits, organs, and abdominal fat; and feet color. Significant differences between the treatment means were analyzed by Dunnett's test. The meal inclusion levels did not affect performance, carcass characteristics and yield, or organs weight. However, feet pigmentation increased linearly, and abdominal fat was greater only at the 1.5% level when compared with the control group. Moringa leaf meal can be included in the diet of broilers from 10 to 42 days of age, up to the level of 6%, without compromising performance or carcass yield of these birds.(AU)

Quality of brown-shelled eggs marketed in different commercial establishments

This study aimed at evaluating the internal and external quality of brown-shelled eggs commercialized in the municipality of Parintins-AM. A total of 540 eggs were evaluated and distributed in a completely randomized design, which consisted of three treatments and six replications of 30 eggs each. The treatments were: eggs sold in supermarkets; in grocery stores; and eggs sold directly at the farm. The age of the eggs from supermarkets and grocery stores was unknown, however, the eggs bought at the farm were marketed as being from the day of laying. The collected data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% probability. There were no differences (p > 0.05) of treatments in the percentage of dirty eggs, however, grocery and farm eggs presented higher (p < 0.05) crack percentage. The eggs at the farm presented higher incidence (p < 0.05) of internal stains of blood. The weight of the egg and albumen presented no differences (p > 0.05). However, the albumen percentage of the farm eggs was higher than the other treatments (p < 0.05). The percentages for yolk and eggshell weight from the farm eggs were lower than the supermarket and grocery eggs (p < 0.05). For the variables albumen height, Haugh unit, albumen index, yolk and albumen pH, the best results were observed for the farm eggs, however, regarding these variables, eggs sold in supermarkets and grocery stores did not differ from each other. The brown shell eggs sold in the city of Parintins/AM have high rates of external defects, and the eggs bought directly from the farm presented better internal quality, when compared to eggs sold in different establishments.(AU)

Quality of brown-shelled eggs marketed in different commercial establishments

This study aimed at evaluating the internal and external quality of brown-shelled eggs commercialized in the municipality of Parintins-AM. A total of 540 eggs were evaluated and distributed in a completely randomized design, which consisted of three treatments and six replications of 30 eggs each. The treatments were: eggs sold in supermarkets; in grocery stores; and eggs sold directly at the farm. The age of the eggs from supermarkets and grocery stores was unknown, however, the eggs bought at the farm were marketed as being from the day of laying. The collected data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% probability. There were no differences (p > 0.05) of treatments in the percentage of dirty eggs, however, grocery and farm eggs presented higher (p 0.05). However, the albumen percentage of the farm eggs was higher than the other treatments (p < 0.05). The percentages for yolk and eggshell weight from the farm eggs were lower than the supermarket and grocery eggs (p < 0.05). For the variables albumen height, Haugh unit, albumen index, yolk and albumen pH, the best results were observed for the farm eggs, however, regarding these variables, eggs sold in supermarkets and grocery stores did not differ from each other. The brown shell eggs sold in the city of Parintins/AM have high rates of external defects, and the eggs bought directly from the farm presented better internal quality, when compared to eggs sold in different establishments.

Ruminal fermentation kinetics of by-products using the semi-automatic technique of in-vitro gas production / Cinética de fermentação ruminal de coprodutos utilizando a técnica semiautomática de produção de gases in vitro

The objective of this study was to develop a specific equation for the conversion of pressure values (psi) to volume (ml) for the Laboratory of Bromatology of the Federal University of Western Pará. To this end, the ruminal fermentation kinetics of regional feedstuffs were evaluated using the semi-automatic technique of in-vitro gas production. To set up the targeted equation, samples of ground corn, soybean meal, rice bran, Mombasa grass, cupuassu pie, cassava residues, and banana leaves were incubated and the pressure and volumes of the gases produced during the fermentation process were measured at predetermined times and related. These data on the volume of produced gases were used to determine, by applying the bi-compartmental logistic model, the ruminal fermentation kinetics parameters. The equation found for the laboratory was V = 0.3757P2 + 1.5972P + 0.2189. Ground corn and cassava residue showed a higher degradation rate of non-fibrous carbohydrates (0.120 and 0.163 %/h respectively) and higher final gas volume (228.91 and 273.17 ml/g of DM, respectively). As for the degradation rate of fibrous carbohydrates, ground corn (0.023 %/h), rice bran (0.023 %/h), and cassava residue (0.021 %/h) presented the highest degradation rate. Thus, a specific equation to be used at the Laboratory of Bromatology of the Federal University of Western Pará was identified, according to the method applied and the altitude of the premises. Ruminal fermentation kinetics of cassava residue and rice bran showed the same parameters as corn, which may suggest the possibility of replacing corn in the diet of ruminant animals.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma equação específica para a conversão de valores de pressão (psi) em volume (ml) para o Laboratório de Bromatologia da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará. Para tanto, avaliou-se a cinética fermentativa ruminal de rações regionais por meio da técnica semiautomática de produção de gases in vitro. Para configurar a equação alvo, amostras de milho moído, farelo de soja, farelo de arroz, capim Mombaça, torta de cupuaçu, resíduos de mandioca e folhas de bananeira foram incubadas e a pressão e os volumes dos gases produzidos durante o processo de fermentação foram medidos em tempos predeterminados e relacionado. Esses dados de volume de gases produzidos foram utilizados para determinar, por meio da aplicação do modelo logístico bicompartimental, os parâmetros cinéticos da fermentação ruminal. A equação encontrada para o laboratório foi V = 0,3757P2 + 1,5972P + 0,2189. Milho moído e resíduo de mandioca apresentaram maior taxa de degradação de carboidratos não fibrosos (0,120 e 0,163% / h respectivamente) e maior volume final de gás (228,91 e 273,17 ml / g de MS, respectivamente). Quanto à taxa de degradação dos carboidratos fibrosos, milho moído (0,023% / h), farelo de arroz (0,023% / h) e resíduo de mandioca (0,021% / h) apresentaram as maiores taxas de degradação. Assim, foi identificada uma equação específica para ser utilizada no Laboratório de Bromatologia da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, de acordo com o método aplicado e a altitude das instalações.(AU)

Ruminal fermentation kinetics of by-products using the semi-automatic technique of in-vitro gas production / Cinética de fermentação ruminal de coprodutos utilizando a técnica semiautomática de produção de gases in vitro

The objective of this study was to develop a specific equation for the conversion of pressure values (psi) to volume (ml) for the Laboratory of Bromatology of the Federal University of Western Pará. To this end, the ruminal fermentation kinetics of regional feedstuffs were evaluated using the semi-automatic technique of in-vitro gas production. To set up the targeted equation, samples of ground corn, soybean meal, rice bran, Mombasa grass, cupuassu pie, cassava residues, and banana leaves were incubated and the pressure and volumes of the gases produced during the fermentation process were measured at predetermined times and related. These data on the volume of produced gases were used to determine, by applying the bi-compartmental logistic model, the ruminal fermentation kinetics parameters. The equation found for the laboratory was V = 0.3757P2 + 1.5972P + 0.2189. Ground corn and cassava residue showed a higher degradation rate of non-fibrous carbohydrates (0.120 and 0.163 %/h respectively) and higher final gas volume (228.91 and 273.17 ml/g of DM, respectively). As for the degradation rate of fibrous carbohydrates, ground corn (0.023 %/h), rice bran (0.023 %/h), and cassava residue (0.021 %/h) presented the highest degradation rate. Thus, a specific equation to be used at the Laboratory of Bromatology of the Federal University of Western Pará was identified, according to the method applied and the altitude of the premises. Ruminal fermentation kinetics of cassava residue and rice bran showed the same parameters as corn, which may suggest the possibility of replacing corn in the diet of ruminant animals.

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma equação específica para a conversão de valores de pressão (psi) em volume (ml) para o Laboratório de Bromatologia da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará. Para tanto, avaliou-se a cinética fermentativa ruminal de rações regionais por meio da técnica semiautomática de produção de gases in vitro. Para configurar a equação alvo, amostras de milho moído, farelo de soja, farelo de arroz, capim Mombaça, torta de cupuaçu, resíduos de mandioca e folhas de bananeira foram incubadas e a pressão e os volumes dos gases produzidos durante o processo de fermentação foram medidos em tempos predeterminados e relacionado. Esses dados de volume de gases produzidos foram utilizados para determinar, por meio da aplicação do modelo logístico bicompartimental, os parâmetros cinéticos da fermentação ruminal. A equação encontrada para o laboratório foi V = 0,3757P2 + 1,5972P + 0,2189. Milho moído e resíduo de mandioca apresentaram maior taxa de degradação de carboidratos não fibrosos (0,120 e 0,163% / h respectivamente) e maior volume final de gás (228,91 e 273,17 ml / g de MS, respectivamente). Quanto à taxa de degradação dos carboidratos fibrosos, milho moído (0,023% / h), farelo de arroz (0,023% / h) e resíduo de mandioca (0,021% / h) apresentaram as maiores taxas de degradação. Assim, foi identificada uma equação específica para ser utilizada no Laboratório de Bromatologia da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, de acordo com o método aplicado e a altitude das instalações.

The use of cinnamon powder in the diet of Japanese laying quail

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of powder cinnamon in the diet of Japanese quails, regarding their performance and egg quality. A total of 360 quails, 18 weeks old, were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of 12 animals. The experimental period lasted 84 days. The treatments were the inclusion of 0; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 and 12.0 g kg-1 of cinnamon powder in the diet. The performance and quality of eggs produced were evaluated. A sensorial analysis of the eggs was carried out to evaluate the color of the egg yolk, the taste of the egg and the purchase intention. There was no significant effect on the performance and egg quality variables, except for the specific gravity and color of the yolk, which increased linearly. The evaluators presented a higher intention to purchase eggs from the treatment with 6g kg-1 of cinnamon addition in the diet. We concluded that the inclusion of 12.0 g kg-1 of cinnamon powder in the diet for laying quail does not affect the performance and the taste of the eggs, nevertheless, this level of inclusion provides an improvement in the specific gravity and color of the yolk.(AU)

The use of cinnamon powder in the diet of Japanese laying quail

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of powder cinnamon in the diet of Japanese quails, regarding their performance and egg quality. A total of 360 quails, 18 weeks old, were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of 12 animals. The experimental period lasted 84 days. The treatments were the inclusion of 0; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 and 12.0 g kg-1 of cinnamon powder in the diet. The performance and quality of eggs produced were evaluated. A sensorial analysis of the eggs was carried out to evaluate the color of the egg yolk, the taste of the egg and the purchase intention. There was no significant effect on the performance and egg quality variables, except for the specific gravity and color of the yolk, which increased linearly. The evaluators presented a higher intention to purchase eggs from the treatment with 6g kg-1 of cinnamon addition in the diet. We concluded that the inclusion of 12.0 g kg-1 of cinnamon powder in the diet for laying quail does not affect the performance and the taste of the eggs, nevertheless, this level of inclusion provides an improvement in the specific gravity and color of the yolk.

Estudo retrospectivo de cuidados neonatais de Macacos Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) mantidos em um criatório científico: casuística acompanhada, manejo e reintrodução ao grupo social / Retrospective study of neonatal care in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) kept in scientific breeding: accompanied casuistry, management, and reintroduction to the social group

Complicações reprodutivas de primatas não humanos (PNH) têm sido detectadas em criações animais, tornando-se comumente necessário separar o filhote da mãe. Este trabalho descreve incidência, origem e perfil de casos de macacos rhesus (Macaca mulatta) lactentes mantidos em berçário em um criatório científico, visando enfatizar a importância dos cuidados neonatais, e de como o manejo reflete sobre o desenvolvimento saudável dos animais e o sucesso da reintrodução destes em grupos familiares. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, no período de 2008 a 2017, de 25 macacos rhesus lactentes que receberam cuidados neonatais. As informações foram obtidas em um banco de registros da criação. No período de nove anos, foram recebidos no berçário 25 filhotes de M. mulatta, sendo 52% de machos (13/25) e 48% de fêmeas (12/25), e desses, 28% (7/25) vieram a óbito, enquanto 72% (18/25) dos animais sobreviveram. Todos os filhotes sobreviventes foram reintroduzidos ao convívio social. As análises do trabalho demonstraram que em um criatório de PNH, diversos fatores podem comprometer a convivência da mãe e filhote, resultando na necessidade de um ambiente preparado com equipamento, material e mão de obra especializada para atendimento dos lactentes afastados de suas mães. Além disso, o planejamento adequado da reaproximação do filhote ao grupo familiar deve ser realizado objetivando minimizar as alterações comportamentais e sucesso no convívio social.

Reproductive complications of nonhuman primates (NHP) have been detected in animal breeding, which becomes commonly necessary separating the baby from the mother. This paper describes the incidence, origin, and profile cases of nursling rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) kept in nursery unit from a scientific creation, with the aims of emphasizing the importance of neonatal care, how the management reflects on the healthy development of the animals, as well as the success of reintroducing them into family groups. A retrospective study was carried out, from 2008 to 2017, of 25 infant rhesus macaques who received neonatal care. Data were obtained from a database of the breeding records. During nine years 25 nursling M. mulatta were received in the neonatal care section, with 52% (13/25) of males and 48% (12/25) of females, and from these, 28% (7/25) died, while 72% (18/25) of the animals have survived. All the surviving infants were reintroduced into social interaction. Work analyzes demonstrated that in a NHP creation several factors could compromise the living together between the mother and its offspring, resulting in the need of a prepa-red environment with equipment, material, and specialized labor to attend the infants away from their mothers. In addition, adequate planning about rapprochement of the infant to the family group should performed with the purpose of minimizing behavioral alterations and obtaining success on the social life.

Estudo retrospectivo de cuidados neonatais de Macacos Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) mantidos em um criatório científico: casuística acompanhada, manejo e reintrodução ao grupo social / Retrospective study of neonatal care in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) kept in scientific breeding: accompanied casuistry, management, and reintroduction to the social group

Complicações reprodutivas de primatas não humanos (PNH) têm sido detectadas em criações animais, tornando-se comumente necessário separar o filhote da mãe. Este trabalho descreve incidência, origem e perfil de casos de macacos rhesus (Macaca mulatta) lactentes mantidos em berçário em um criatório científico, visando enfatizar a importância dos cuidados neonatais, e de como o manejo reflete sobre o desenvolvimento saudável dos animais e o sucesso da reintrodução destes em grupos familiares. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, no período de 2008 a 2017, de 25 macacos rhesus lactentes que receberam cuidados neonatais. As informações foram obtidas em um banco de registros da criação. No período de nove anos, foram recebidos no berçário 25 filhotes de M. mulatta, sendo 52% de machos (13/25) e 48% de fêmeas (12/25), e desses, 28% (7/25) vieram a óbito, enquanto 72% (18/25) dos animais sobreviveram. Todos os filhotes sobreviventes foram reintroduzidos ao convívio social. As análises do trabalho demonstraram que em um criatório de PNH, diversos fatores podem comprometer a convivência da mãe e filhote, resultando na necessidade de um ambiente preparado com equipamento, material e mão de obra especializada para atendimento dos lactentes afastados de suas mães. Além disso, o planejamento adequado da reaproximação do filhote ao grupo familiar deve ser realizado objetivando minimizar as alterações comportamentais e sucesso no convívio social.(AU)

Reproductive complications of nonhuman primates (NHP) have been detected in animal breeding, which becomes commonly necessary separating the baby from the mother. This paper describes the incidence, origin, and profile cases of nursling rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) kept in nursery unit from a scientific creation, with the aims of emphasizing the importance of neonatal care, how the management reflects on the healthy development of the animals, as well as the success of reintroducing them into family groups. A retrospective study was carried out, from 2008 to 2017, of 25 infant rhesus macaques who received neonatal care. Data were obtained from a database of the breeding records. During nine years 25 nursling M. mulatta were received in the neonatal care section, with 52% (13/25) of males and 48% (12/25) of females, and from these, 28% (7/25) died, while 72% (18/25) of the animals have survived. All the surviving infants were reintroduced into social interaction. Work analyzes demonstrated that in a NHP creation several factors could compromise the living together between the mother and its offspring, resulting in the need of a prepa-red environment with equipment, material, and specialized labor to attend the infants away from their mothers. In addition, adequate planning about rapprochement of the infant to the family group should performed with the purpose of minimizing behavioral alterations and obtaining success on the social life.(AU)

Clinic, morphometric, and haematologic evaluation of captive Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca Fascicularis) / Avaliação clínica, morfométrica e hematológica de macacos Cynomolgus (Macaca Fascicularis) cativos

Characterization of biological parameters is essential to assess the sanitary conditions of animal breeding, especially when it comes to closed colonies, such as this study. Data from biometrics, semiologic and hematological evaluation were compared between sex and age groups. Adult animals have become longer in stature over the years in captivity and adult females show considerably smaller and lighter than adult males. The tails of males were significantly higher in adult males. The average temperature was 38.5°C. Heart rate remained homogeneous in the three age groups of both sexes and did not vary among age groups as observed in respiratory rate (RR), which may have been due to physical restraint and anesthesia with ketamine hydrochloride. The RR was significantly higher in juvenile animals. With the exception of eosinophilia, present in adults, all hematologic findings were within normal limits. These data indicate that the condition of the captive colony closed under study, as well as the adopted management does not produce anomalous results or unsatisfactory on clinical parameters and biometric analysis.

A caracterização de parâmetros biológicos é imprescindível para avaliar as condições sanitárias de uma criação animal, principalmente quando se trata de colônias fechadas, como a do referido estudo. Assim, com o intuito de avaliar os dados fisiológicos de primatas cativos mantidos neste sistema de criação, o trabalho aqui exposto avaliou dados biométricos, semiológicos e hematológicos de um total de 72 macacos Cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) no período de dois anos consecutivos, visando garantir as características originais intrínseca da espécie. Os dados provenientes da biometria, avaliação semiológica e hematológica foram comparadas entre sexos e faixas etárias. Os animais adultos se tornaram de estatura menos longelínea ao longo dos anos em cativeiro e as fêmeas adultas se mostram consideravelmente menores e mais leves que os machos adultos. As caudas dos machos foram significativamente maiores nos machos adultos. A média da temperatura foi de 38.5ºC. A frequência cardíaca manteve-se homogênea nas três faixas etárias de ambos os sexos e não apresentou variação entre as faixas etárias como observado na frequência respiratória (FR), fato que pode ter sido em decorrência da contenção física e da anestesia com cloridrato de cetamina. A FR foi significativamente mais elevada em animais juvenis. Com exceção da eosinofilia, presente nos adultos, todos os resultados hematológicos estiveram dentro dos parâmetros de normalidade. Estes dados indicam que a condição de cativeiro da colônia “fechada” sob estudo, bem como o manejo adotado não produz resultados anômalos ou insatisfatórios sobre os parâmetros clínicos e biométricos analisados.

Clinic, morphometric, and haematologic evaluation of captive Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca Fascicularis) / Avaliação clínica, morfométrica e hematológica de macacos Cynomolgus (Macaca Fascicularis) cativos

Characterization of biological parameters is essential to assess the sanitary conditions of animal breeding, especially when it comes to closed colonies, such as this study. Data from biometrics, semiologic and hematological evaluation were compared between sex and age groups. Adult animals have become longer in stature over the years in captivity and adult females show considerably smaller and lighter than adult males. The tails of males were significantly higher in adult males. The average temperature was 38.5°C. Heart rate remained homogeneous in the three age groups of both sexes and did not vary among age groups as observed in respiratory rate (RR), which may have been due to physical restraint and anesthesia with ketamine hydrochloride. The RR was significantly higher in juvenile animals. With the exception of eosinophilia, present in adults, all hematologic findings were within normal limits. These data indicate that the condition of the captive colony closed under study, as well as the adopted management does not produce anomalous results or unsatisfactory on clinical parameters and biometric analysis.(AU)

A caracterização de parâmetros biológicos é imprescindível para avaliar as condições sanitárias de uma criação animal, principalmente quando se trata de colônias fechadas, como a do referido estudo. Assim, com o intuito de avaliar os dados fisiológicos de primatas cativos mantidos neste sistema de criação, o trabalho aqui exposto avaliou dados biométricos, semiológicos e hematológicos de um total de 72 macacos Cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) no período de dois anos consecutivos, visando garantir as características originais intrínseca da espécie. Os dados provenientes da biometria, avaliação semiológica e hematológica foram comparadas entre sexos e faixas etárias. Os animais adultos se tornaram de estatura menos longelínea ao longo dos anos em cativeiro e as fêmeas adultas se mostram consideravelmente menores e mais leves que os machos adultos. As caudas dos machos foram significativamente maiores nos machos adultos. A média da temperatura foi de 38.5ºC. A frequência cardíaca manteve-se homogênea nas três faixas etárias de ambos os sexos e não apresentou variação entre as faixas etárias como observado na frequência respiratória (FR), fato que pode ter sido em decorrência da contenção física e da anestesia com cloridrato de cetamina. A FR foi significativamente mais elevada em animais juvenis. Com exceção da eosinofilia, presente nos adultos, todos os resultados hematológicos estiveram dentro dos parâmetros de normalidade. Estes dados indicam que a condição de cativeiro da colônia “fechada” sob estudo, bem como o manejo adotado não produz resultados anômalos ou insatisfatórios sobre os parâmetros clínicos e biométricos analisados.(AU)

Adsorption of copper in oxisol and alfisol / Adsorção de cobre em Latossolo Bruno e Nitossolo Vermelho

The accumulation of copper (Cu) in soil can provide input in excess of these elements in the food chain through the contamination of soil and water. The study of the chemical behavior of Cu is needed for the knowledge of mobility of these elements in the soil profile. The aim of this study was to know the background Cu concentration, to evaluate the effect of pH, ionic strength (FI) and to quantify the maximum adsorption capacity (CMA) of Cu in Oxisol and Alfisol. The adsorption rate was evaluated at pH 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 and the FI 15 and 150 mmol L-1 of Ca(NO3)2. To quantify the CMA were used rates of Cu concentrations of 0, 0.075, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, 1.5 mmol L-1, final soil: solution l: 100. Raising the pH value increased the adsorption of Cu and increasing the ionic strength of the solution didnt reduce the adsorption of Cu. The CMA calculated for Cu in Alfisol was 3354 mg kg-1. It was not possible to calculate the CMA in Oxisol.

O acúmulo de cobre (Cu) no solo pode proporcionar a entrada em excesso desse elemento na cadeia alimentar através da contaminação do solo e água. O estudo do comportamento químico do Cu torna-se necessário para o conhecimento da mobilidade desse elemento no perfil do solo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi conhecer os teores nativos de Cu, avaliar o efeito de pH, força iônica (FI) e quantificar a capacidade máxima de adsorção (CMA) de Cu em Latossolo Bruno (LB) e Nitossolo Vermelho (NV). A adsorção foi avaliada em pH 4,5; 5,5 e 6,5 e na FI de 15 e 150 mmol L-1 de Ca(NO3)2. Para quantificar a CMA foram utilizadas doses de Cu nas concentrações de: 0, 0,075, 0,15, 0,30, 0,60, 1,50 mmol L-1, relação solo:solução final de 1:100. A elevação do valor de pH aumentou a adsorção de Cu e o aumento da força iônica da solução não diminuiu a adsorção de Cu. A CMA calculada para Cu no NV foi de 3354 mg kg-1. Não foi possível calcular a CMA para Cu no LB.

Adsorption of copper in oxisol and alfisol / Adsorção de cobre em Latossolo Bruno e Nitossolo Vermelho

The accumulation of copper (Cu) in soil can provide input in excess of these elements in the food chain through the contamination of soil and water. The study of the chemical behavior of Cu is needed for the knowledge of mobility of these elements in the soil profile. The aim of this study was to know the background Cu concentration, to evaluate the effect of pH, ionic strength (FI) and to quantify the maximum adsorption capacity (CMA) of Cu in Oxisol and Alfisol. The adsorption rate was evaluated at pH 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 and the FI 15 and 150 mmol L-1 of Ca(NO3)2. To quantify the CMA were used rates of Cu concentrations of 0, 0.075, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, 1.5 mmol L-1, final soil: solution l: 100. Raising the pH value increased the adsorption of Cu and increasing the ionic strength of the solution didnt reduce the adsorption of Cu. The CMA calculated for Cu in Alfisol was 3354 mg kg-1. It was not possible to calculate the CMA in Oxisol.(AU)

O acúmulo de cobre (Cu) no solo pode proporcionar a entrada em excesso desse elemento na cadeia alimentar através da contaminação do solo e água. O estudo do comportamento químico do Cu torna-se necessário para o conhecimento da mobilidade desse elemento no perfil do solo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi conhecer os teores nativos de Cu, avaliar o efeito de pH, força iônica (FI) e quantificar a capacidade máxima de adsorção (CMA) de Cu em Latossolo Bruno (LB) e Nitossolo Vermelho (NV). A adsorção foi avaliada em pH 4,5; 5,5 e 6,5 e na FI de 15 e 150 mmol L-1 de Ca(NO3)2. Para quantificar a CMA foram utilizadas doses de Cu nas concentrações de: 0, 0,075, 0,15, 0,30, 0,60, 1,50 mmol L-1, relação solo:solução final de 1:100. A elevação do valor de pH aumentou a adsorção de Cu e o aumento da força iônica da solução não diminuiu a adsorção de Cu. A CMA calculada para Cu no NV foi de 3354 mg kg-1. Não foi possível calcular a CMA para Cu no LB.(AU)

Desempenho, digestibilidade, composição corporal e morfologiaintestinal de pintos de corte recebendo dietas contendo levedurade cana-de-açúcar / Performance, digestibility, body composition and gut morphology of broiler chicks fed diets containing yeast cane sugar

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, a digestibilidade das dietas, a retenção corporal de nutrientes e o desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal de pintos de corte de 1 a 8 dias de idade, alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de levedura de cana-de-açúcar. Utilizou-se 300 pintos de corte, com um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, composto de cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de 10 aves. Os tratamentos consistiram de níveis crescentes de 0; 1,25; 2,5; 3,75 e 5,0% de inclusão de levedura. Não houve efeito da levedura sobre o desempenho zootécnico. Houve redução no coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da energia bruta, na energia metabolizável aparente e a aparente corrigida com os níveis crescentes. O nível de 2,09% promoveu menor retenção corporal de proteína bruta, enquanto a retenção de gordura foi linear crescente. A altura de vilos e relação vilo:cripta do jejuno aumentou linearmente, a profundidade das criptas do íleo apresentaram menor profundidade no nível de 2,40% de levedura. A inclusão da levedura de cana-de-açúcar até 5% em dietas de pintos na fase pré-inicial não afeta o desempenho zootécnico, proporciona melhor desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal; entretanto, reduz a energia metabolizável das dietas e aumenta a retenção de gordura corporal.(AU)

The objective was to evaluate the performance, digestibility of diets, body retention of nutrients and the development of intestinal mucosa of post hatching broilers, of one up to eight day old, fed diets containing different levels of sugar cane yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). It was used 300 one day old chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of 10 birds. The treatments consisted of increasing levels of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0% inclusion of yeast. No effect of yeast on performance. There was a reduction in the coefficients of apparent metabolizable of gross energy, apparent metabolizable energy, apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance with increasing levels. The level of 2.09% results in lower retention of body protein, while the retention of fat was increased linearly. The height of villus and villous height:crypt depth ratio of the jejunum was increased linearly, and the depths of crypts of the ileum had lower depth level of 2.40% yeast. The inclusion of yeast cane sugar levels up to 5% in diets for broiler in the post hatching doesnt affect the performance and provides better development of the intestinal mucosa in the jejunum, however reduces metabolizable energy of diets and increases greater retention of body fat.(AU)

Desempenho, digestibilidade, composição corporal e morfologiaintestinal de pintos de corte recebendo dietas contendo levedurade cana-de-açúcar / Performance, digestibility, body composition and gut morphology of broiler chicks fed diets containing yeast cane sugar

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, a digestibilidade das dietas, a retenção corporal de nutrientes e o desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal de pintos de corte de 1 a 8 dias de idade, alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de levedura de cana-de-açúcar. Utilizou-se 300 pintos de corte, com um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, composto de cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de 10 aves. Os tratamentos consistiram de níveis crescentes de 0; 1,25; 2,5; 3,75 e 5,0% de inclusão de levedura. Não houve efeito da levedura sobre o desempenho zootécnico. Houve redução no coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da energia bruta, na energia metabolizável aparente e a aparente corrigida com os níveis crescentes. O nível de 2,09% promoveu menor retenção corporal de proteína bruta, enquanto a retenção de gordura foi linear crescente. A altura de vilos e relação vilo:cripta do jejuno aumentou linearmente, a profundidade das criptas do íleo apresentaram menor profundidade no nível de 2,40% de levedura. A inclusão da levedura de cana-de-açúcar até 5% em dietas de pintos na fase pré-inicial não afeta o desempenho zootécnico, proporciona melhor desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal; entretanto, reduz a energia metabolizável das dietas e aumenta a retenção de gordura corporal.

The objective was to evaluate the performance, digestibility of diets, body retention of nutrients and the development of intestinal mucosa of post hatching broilers, of one up to eight day old, fed diets containing different levels of sugar cane yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). It was used 300 one day old chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of 10 birds. The treatments consisted of increasing levels of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0% inclusion of yeast. No effect of yeast on performance. There was a reduction in the coefficients of apparent metabolizable of gross energy, apparent metabolizable energy, apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance with increasing levels. The level of 2.09% results in lower retention of body protein, while the retention of fat was increased linearly. The height of villus and villous height:crypt depth ratio of the jejunum was increased linearly, and the depths of crypts of the ileum had lower depth level of 2.40% yeast. The inclusion of yeast cane sugar levels up to 5% in diets for broiler in the post hatching doesn’t affect the performance and provides better development of the intestinal mucosa in the jejunum, however reduces metabolizable energy of diets and increases greater retention of body fat.