Effect of the antral follicle count of Bos taurus × Bos indicus dairy cows on in vitro embryo production / Efeito da contagem de folículos antrais de vacas Bos taurus x Bos indicus com aptidão leiteira na produção in vitro de embriões

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Girolando (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) cows with high and low antral follicle counts (AFC) for the in vitro production of bovine embryos (IVEP), as well as the pregnancy rates of the recipients of these embryos. Girolando cows (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) were classified as high and low AFC when they had 35-52 (n = 13) and 11-17 follicles (n = 15), respectively. All animals were subjected to repeated follicular aspiration [Ovum pick-up (OPU)] and subsequent IVEP sessions. The synchronization protocol of the recipients was performed on a random day of the estrous cycle (Day 0) with the implantation of progesterone, estradiol benzoate, and prostaglandin. The high AFC group had higher aspirated oocyte/OPU (42.6 ± 5.2 vs. 14.6 ± 1.9; p < 0.01) and cultured oocyte/OPU (38.1 ± 6.6 vs. 12.3 ± 2.8; p < 0.01) averages as well as a higher blastocyst percentage on D7 (23.0 ± 1.0% vs. 18.4 ± 1.5%; p < 0.05) and higher pregnancy rate (42.7 ± 2.7% vs. 39.7 ± 4.6%; p< 0.05) than the low AFC group. Thus, we can conclude that animals with high AFC had better IVEP success rates than animals with low AFC.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de produção in vitro de embriões (PIVE) bovinos de vacas da raça Girolando (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) com alta e baixa contagem de folículos antrais (CFA), bem como a taxa de prenhez nas receptoras destes embriões. As vacas da raça Girolando (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) foram classificadas como de alta CFA quando apresentavam de 35 a 52 folículos(n = 13) e baixa CFA, quando apresentavam de 11 a 17 folículos (n = 15). Todos os animais foram submetidos a repetidas sessões de aspiração folicular (OPU) e subsequente PIVE. O protocolo de sincronização das receptoras foi realizado em um dia aleatório do ciclo estral (Dia 0) com implante de progesterona, benzoato de estradiol e prostaglandina. O grupo de alta CFA obteve uma maior média de oócitos aspirados / OPU (42,6 ± 5,2 vs. 14,6 ± 1,9; p < 0,01); oócitos cultivados / OPU (38,1 ± 6,6 vs.12,3 ± 2,8; p < 0,01); porcentagem de blastocistos em D7 (23,0 ± 1,0% vs. 18,4 ± 1,5%; p < 0,05) e taxa de prenhez (42,7 ± 2,7% vs. 39,7 ± 4,6%; p < 0,05) maiores quando comparado ao grupo de baixa CFA. Desta maneira, podemos concluir que os animais de alta CFA apresentaram melhores taxas de PIVE que os animais de baixa CFA.

Effect of the antral follicle count of Bos taurus × Bos indicus dairy cows on in vitro embryo production / Efeito da contagem de folículos antrais de vacas Bos taurus x Bos indicus com aptidão leiteira na produção in vitro de embriões

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Girolando (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) cows with high and low antral follicle counts (AFC) for the in vitro production of bovine embryos (IVEP), as well as the pregnancy rates of the recipients of these embryos. Girolando cows (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) were classified as high and low AFC when they had 35-52 (n = 13) and 11-17 follicles (n = 15), respectively. All animals were subjected to repeated follicular aspiration [Ovum pick-up (OPU)] and subsequent IVEP sessions. The synchronization protocol of the recipients was performed on a random day of the estrous cycle (Day 0) with the implantation of progesterone, estradiol benzoate, and prostaglandin. The high AFC group had higher aspirated oocyte/OPU (42.6 ± 5.2 vs. 14.6 ± 1.9; p < 0.01) and cultured oocyte/OPU (38.1 ± 6.6 vs. 12.3 ± 2.8; p < 0.01) averages as well as a higher blastocyst percentage on D7 (23.0 ± 1.0% vs. 18.4 ± 1.5%; p < 0.05) and higher pregnancy rate (42.7 ± 2.7% vs. 39.7 ± 4.6%; p< 0.05) than the low AFC group. Thus, we can conclude that animals with high AFC had better IVEP success rates than animals with low AFC.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de produção in vitro de embriões (PIVE) bovinos de vacas da raça Girolando (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) com alta e baixa contagem de folículos antrais (CFA), bem como a taxa de prenhez nas receptoras destes embriões. As vacas da raça Girolando (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) foram classificadas como de alta CFA quando apresentavam de 35 a 52 folículos(n = 13) e baixa CFA, quando apresentavam de 11 a 17 folículos (n = 15). Todos os animais foram submetidos a repetidas sessões de aspiração folicular (OPU) e subsequente PIVE. O protocolo de sincronização das receptoras foi realizado em um dia aleatório do ciclo estral (Dia 0) com implante de progesterona, benzoato de estradiol e prostaglandina. O grupo de alta CFA obteve uma maior média de oócitos aspirados / OPU (42,6 ± 5,2 vs. 14,6 ± 1,9; p < 0,01); oócitos cultivados / OPU (38,1 ± 6,6 vs.12,3 ± 2,8; p < 0,01); porcentagem de blastocistos em D7 (23,0 ± 1,0% vs. 18,4 ± 1,5%; p < 0,05) e taxa de prenhez (42,7 ± 2,7% vs. 39,7 ± 4,6%; p < 0,05) maiores quando comparado ao grupo de baixa CFA. Desta maneira, podemos concluir que os animais de alta CFA apresentaram melhores taxas de PIVE que os animais de baixa CFA.

Injectable progesterone in timed artificial insemination programs in beef cows

The aims of this study were I) to compare the follicular diameter, corpus luteum diameter and serum progesterone (P4) concentrations in cows treated with conventional protocol vs. injectable P4 protocol; II) to determine the serum P4 profile in ovariectomized heifers; and III) to compare pregnancy rate between protocols. In experiment I, multiparous cows received a protocol for ovulation synchronization with an intravaginal P4 device (n = 38; device + EB day 0; device removal + PGF2α + eCG + EC day 8) or injectable P4 (n = 38; injection + EB day 0; PGF2α + eCG + EC day 8). In experiment II, ovariectomized heifers (n = 8) were treated with injectable P4 and blood samples were collected to determine the serum P4 profile. In experiment III, multiparous cows were timed AI with two different P4 approaches, intravaginal P4 device (n = 48) or injectable P4 (n = 47). In the first experiment, cows treated with P4 device had higher (P < 0.05) diameter of dominant follicle after ovulation induction (11.6 ± 1.8 vs.10.3 ± 1.8 mm) and ovulation rate (97%, 37/38 vs. 47.3%, 18/38) than cows treated with injectable P4. But, the follicular growth daily was higher (P < 0.05) in cows treated with injectable P4 than intravaginal device (1.3 ± 0.4 vs. 1.0 ± 0.3 mm/day, respectively). In experiment II, the P4 concentration peak occurred within 48 hours (6.54 ng/mL) and decreased after 96 hours (P < 0.05) after P4 injection. In experiment III, cows with P4 device had higher (P < 0.05) pregnancy rate than the injectable P4 group (60.4 vs. 34.0%, respectively). These results demonstrate that although the intravaginal P4 devices showed a higher pregnancy rate, a protocol with injectable P4 represents an easier method and a promising alternative for TAI in cattle.(AU)

Injectable progesterone in timed artificial insemination programs in beef cows

The aims of this study were I) to compare the follicular diameter, corpus luteum diameter and serum progesterone (P4) concentrations in cows treated with conventional protocol vs. injectable P4 protocol; II) to determine the serum P4 profile in ovariectomized heifers; and III) to compare pregnancy rate between protocols. In experiment I, multiparous cows received a protocol for ovulation synchronization with an intravaginal P4 device (n = 38; device + EB day 0; device removal + PGF2α + eCG + EC day 8) or injectable P4 (n = 38; injection + EB day 0; PGF2α + eCG + EC day 8). In experiment II, ovariectomized heifers (n = 8) were treated with injectable P4 and blood samples were collected to determine the serum P4 profile. In experiment III, multiparous cows were timed AI with two different P4 approaches, intravaginal P4 device (n = 48) or injectable P4 (n = 47). In the first experiment, cows treated with P4 device had higher (P < 0.05) diameter of dominant follicle after ovulation induction (11.6 ± 1.8 vs.10.3 ± 1.8 mm) and ovulation rate (97%, 37/38 vs. 47.3%, 18/38) than cows treated with injectable P4. But, the follicular growth daily was higher (P < 0.05) in cows treated with injectable P4 than intravaginal device (1.3 ± 0.4 vs. 1.0 ± 0.3 mm/day, respectively). In experiment II, the P4 concentration peak occurred within 48 hours (6.54 ng/mL) and decreased after 96 hours (P < 0.05) after P4 injection. In experiment III, cows with P4 device had higher (P < 0.05) pregnancy rate than the injectable P4 group (60.4 vs. 34.0%, respectively). These results demonstrate that although the intravaginal P4 devices showed a higher pregnancy rate, a protocol with injectable P4 represents an easier method and a promising alternative for TAI in cattle.

Effect of follicular diameter, time of first cleavage and H3K4 methylation on embryo production rates of Bos indicus cattle / Efeito do diâmetro folicular, momento da primeira clivagem e metilação da H3K4 na produção embrionária de vacas Bos indicus

This study aimed investigate the relationship between epigenetics, follicular diameter and cleavage speed, by evaluating the developmental potential and occurence of H3K4 monomethylation of early-, intermediate- and late-cleaving Bos indicus embryos from in vitro fertilized oocytes originating from follicles up to 2 mm in diameter or between 4 and 8 mm in diameter. Oocytes (n = 699) from small follicles (? 2 mm) and 639 oocytes from large follicles (4-8 mm) were punched from 1,982 Bos indicus slaughterhouse ovaries. After maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVF), the cultured embryos were separated into early (? 28 h post-IVF), intermediate (> 28 h and ? 34 h post-IVF) and late (> 34 h and ? 54 h post-IVF) cleavage groups. Blastocysts were subjected to an immunofluorescence assessment for H3K4me investigation. The blastocyst rate for large follicles (36.3%) was higher than that for small follicles (22.9%, P 0.05). In addition, blastocyst rates for early and intermediate cleavage groups (45.3% and 33.8%, respectively) were higher than that for late cleavage group (13.5%, P 0.05). The blastocysts from all groups displayed H3K4me staining by immunofluorescence, particularly intense in what seemed to be trophectoderm cells and weak or absent in cells seemingly from the inner cell mass. For the first time for indicus embryos, data from this study demonstrate that higher blastocyst embryorates are obtained from embryos that cleave within 34 h after fertilization and from those produced fromfollicles of 4-8 mm in diameter, indicating a greater ability of these embryos to develop to the stage ofembryonic preimplantation. This is the first article demonstrating the occurrence of H3K4me in cattleembryos; its presence in all the evaluated blastocysts suggests that this histone modification plays a keyrole in maintaining embryo viability at preimplantation stage.

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre a epigenética, o diâmetro folicular e a velocidade de clivagem, avaliando o potencial de desenvolvimento e a ocorrência de monometilação da H3K4 em embriões Bos indicus de clivagem precoce, intermediária e tardia produzidos a partir de oócitos fertilizados in vitro oriundos de folículos de até 2 mm de diâmetro ou entre 4 e 8 mm de diâmetro. Oócitos (n = 699) de folículos pequenos (? 2 mm) e 639 oócitos de folículos grandes (4-8 mm) foram puncionados de 1982 ovários de vacas Bos indicus de abatedouro. Após a maturação e fertilização in vitro (FIV), os embriões cultivados foram separados nos grupos de clivagem precoce (? 28 h pós-FIV), intermediária (> 28 h e ? 34 h pós-FIV) e tardia (> 34 h e ? 54 h pós-FIV). Os blastocistos foram submetidos à imunofluorescência para investigação de H3K4me. A taxa de blastocisto para embriões provenientes de folículos grandes (36,3%) foi maior que de folículos pequenos (22,9%; p 0,05). Ainda, as taxas de blastocisto para os grupos de clivagem precoce e intermediária (45,3% e 33,8%, respectivamente) foram maiores que para o grupo de clivagem tardia (13,5%; p 0,05). Blastocistos de todos os grupos mostraram marcação para H3K4me à imunofluorescência, particularmente intensa no que pareciam ser células do trofectoderma e fraca ou ausente em células semelhantes às da massa massa celular interna. Pela primeira vez em embriões indicus, os dados deste estudo demonstram que maiores taxas deblastocisto são obtidas de embriões que clivam em até 34 h pós-fertilização e dos oriundos de folículos de 4 a 8 mm de diâmetro, indicando uma maior habilidade desses embriões de se desenvolverem até o estágio de pré-implantação embrionária.

Effect of follicular diameter, time of first cleavage and H3K4 methylation on embryo production rates of Bos indicus cattle / Efeito do diâmetro folicular, momento da primeira clivagem e metilação da H3K4 na produção embrionária de vacas Bos indicus

This study aimed investigate the relationship between epigenetics, follicular diameter and cleavage speed, by evaluating the developmental potential and occurence of H3K4 monomethylation of early-, intermediate- and late-cleaving Bos indicus embryos from in vitro fertilized oocytes originating from follicles up to 2 mm in diameter or between 4 and 8 mm in diameter. Oocytes (n = 699) from small follicles (? 2 mm) and 639 oocytes from large follicles (4-8 mm) were punched from 1,982 Bos indicus slaughterhouse ovaries. After maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVF), the cultured embryos were separated into early (? 28 h post-IVF), intermediate (> 28 h and ? 34 h post-IVF) and late (> 34 h and ? 54 h post-IVF) cleavage groups. Blastocysts were subjected to an immunofluorescence assessment for H3K4me investigation. The blastocyst rate for large follicles (36.3%) was higher than that for small follicles (22.9%, P 0.05). In addition, blastocyst rates for early and intermediate cleavage groups (45.3% and 33.8%, respectively) were higher than that for late cleavage group (13.5%, P 0.05). The blastocysts from all groups displayed H3K4me staining by immunofluorescence, particularly intense in what seemed to be trophectoderm cells and weak or absent in cells seemingly from the inner cell mass. For the first time for indicus embryos, data from this study demonstrate that higher blastocyst embryorates are obtained from embryos that cleave within 34 h after fertilization and from those produced fromfollicles of 4-8 mm in diameter, indicating a greater ability of these embryos to develop to the stage ofembryonic preimplantation. This is the first article demonstrating the occurrence of H3K4me in cattleembryos; its presence in all the evaluated blastocysts suggests that this histone modification plays a keyrole in maintaining embryo viability at preimplantation stage.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre a epigenética, o diâmetro folicular e a velocidade de clivagem, avaliando o potencial de desenvolvimento e a ocorrência de monometilação da H3K4 em embriões Bos indicus de clivagem precoce, intermediária e tardia produzidos a partir de oócitos fertilizados in vitro oriundos de folículos de até 2 mm de diâmetro ou entre 4 e 8 mm de diâmetro. Oócitos (n = 699) de folículos pequenos (? 2 mm) e 639 oócitos de folículos grandes (4-8 mm) foram puncionados de 1982 ovários de vacas Bos indicus de abatedouro. Após a maturação e fertilização in vitro (FIV), os embriões cultivados foram separados nos grupos de clivagem precoce (? 28 h pós-FIV), intermediária (> 28 h e ? 34 h pós-FIV) e tardia (> 34 h e ? 54 h pós-FIV). Os blastocistos foram submetidos à imunofluorescência para investigação de H3K4me. A taxa de blastocisto para embriões provenientes de folículos grandes (36,3%) foi maior que de folículos pequenos (22,9%; p 0,05). Ainda, as taxas de blastocisto para os grupos de clivagem precoce e intermediária (45,3% e 33,8%, respectivamente) foram maiores que para o grupo de clivagem tardia (13,5%; p 0,05). Blastocistos de todos os grupos mostraram marcação para H3K4me à imunofluorescência, particularmente intensa no que pareciam ser células do trofectoderma e fraca ou ausente em células semelhantes às da massa massa celular interna. Pela primeira vez em embriões indicus, os dados deste estudo demonstram que maiores taxas deblastocisto são obtidas de embriões que clivam em até 34 h pós-fertilização e dos oriundos de folículos de 4 a 8 mm de diâmetro, indicando uma maior habilidade desses embriões de se desenvolverem até o estágio de pré-implantação embrionária. (AU)