Rastreability of bovine meat and bone meal using the stable isotope technique in egg production

The present study aimed to verify whether the inclusion of other ingredients in the diet of laying hens could interfere with the traceability of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) in eggs through stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. Two hundred and fifty-six white laying hens were used and randomly distributed into eight treatments composed of: CONTROL: control diet; GLUTEN: control diet + corn gluten; YEAST: control diet + yeast; GLUTEN + YEAST: control diet + corn gluten + yeast; BMBM: control diet + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + GLUTEN: control diet + corn gluten + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + YEAST: control diet + yeast + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + GLUTEN + YEAST: control diet + corn gluten + yeast + 4.5 % BMBM. The isotopic results were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and LDA multivariate linear discriminant analysis. At 28 days, the eggs of the birds given diets without the addition of BMBM differed from the CONTROL group. The yolks showed that all treatments were significantly different from the CONTROL, and at 56 days, all eggs and egg yolks were different from the CONTROL. At 28 days, albumen was significantly different for all CONTROL experimental treatments; however, at 56 days, the YEAST treatment showed no difference from the control. Thus, it was concluded that even with the addition of other ingredients, the isotope technique is still able to detect the BMBM in eggs.

Rastreability of bovine meat and bone meal using the stable isotope technique in egg production

The present study aimed to verify whether the inclusion of other ingredients in the diet of laying hens could interfere with the traceability of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) in eggs through stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. Two hundred and fifty-six white laying hens were used and randomly distributed into eight treatments composed of: CONTROL: control diet; GLUTEN: control diet + corn gluten; YEAST: control diet + yeast; GLUTEN + YEAST: control diet + corn gluten + yeast; BMBM: control diet + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + GLUTEN: control diet + corn gluten + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + YEAST: control diet + yeast + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + GLUTEN + YEAST: control diet + corn gluten + yeast + 4.5 % BMBM. The isotopic results were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and LDA multivariate linear discriminant analysis. At 28 days, the eggs of the birds given diets without the addition of BMBM differed from the CONTROL group. The yolks showed that all treatments were significantly different from the CONTROL, and at 56 days, all eggs and egg yolks were different from the CONTROL. At 28 days, albumen was significantly different for all CONTROL experimental treatments; however, at 56 days, the YEAST treatment showed no difference from the control. Thus, it was concluded that even with the addition of other ingredients, the isotope technique is still able to detect the BMBM in eggs.(AU)

Rastreability of bovine meat and bone meal using the stable isotope technique in egg production

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to verify whether the inclusion of other ingredients in the diet of laying hens could interfere with the traceability of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) in eggs through stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. Two hundred and fifty-six white laying hens were used and randomly distributed into eight treatments composed of: CONTROL: control diet; GLUTEN: control diet + corn gluten; YEAST: control diet + yeast; GLUTEN + YEAST: control diet + corn gluten + yeast; BMBM: control diet + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + GLUTEN: control diet + corn gluten + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + YEAST: control diet + yeast + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + GLUTEN + YEAST: control diet + corn gluten + yeast + 4.5 % BMBM. The isotopic results were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and LDA multivariate linear discriminant analysis. At 28 days, the eggs of the birds given diets without the addition of BMBM differed from the CONTROL group. The yolks showed that all treatments were significantly different from the CONTROL, and at 56 days, all eggs and egg yolks were different from the CONTROL. At 28 days, albumen was significantly different for all CONTROL experimental treatments; however, at 56 days, the YEAST treatment showed no difference from the control. Thus, it was concluded that even with the addition of other ingredients, the isotope technique is still able to detect the BMBM in eggs.

Determinação de baixa inclusão de FCOB em dietas de poedeiras por isótopos estáveis / Assessment of low amounts of meat and bone meal in the diet of laying hens by using stable isotopes

The aim of this study was to assess whether the inclusion of low amounts of ingredients such as wheat bran, corn gluten and yeast in the diet of laying hens can interfere with the traceability of meat and bone meal (MBM) in eggs and its fractions (albumen and yolk). We used 256 laying hens distributed across eight treatment groups, which consisted of a diet based on corn-soybean-wheat (CSW) bran meal and other diets that had additions comprising gluten and/or (MBM) and/or yeast. To analyse the isotopic ratios (13C:12C and 15N:14N), on the 28th and 56th days, 16 eggs were randomly taken for each treatment (four for each repetition), where eight eggs (two for each repetition) were used to harvest yolk and albumen samples and the remaining eight (two for each repetition) were used to analyse the whole egg. We concluded that detection of 2.0% MBM in the egg and its fractions is possible; however, the results for treatments containing gluten and yeast were not different from those containing MBM. Therefore, the inclusion of 3.0% gluten and/or yeast does not result in different ?13C and ?15N isotopic values in the egg and its fractions compared to the values obtained with the addition of 2.0% MBM in the diet.(AU)

O objetivo foi verificar se a baixa inclusão de outros ingredientes, como farelo de trigo, glúten de milho e levedura na dieta de poedeiras, pode interferir na rastreabilidade da farinha de carne e ossos bovinos (FCOB) em ovos e suas frações (albúmen e gema). Foram utilizadas 256 galinhas poedeiras distribuídas em oito tratamentos, no qual, foram compostos de uma dieta MST a base de milho, farelo de soja e farelo de trigo e as demais dietas foram acrescidos de glúten e/ou (FCOB) e/ ou levedura. Para análise da razão isotópica (13C/12C e 15N/14N), nos 28º e 56º dias foram tomados aleatoriamente 16 ovos por tratamento (quatro por repetição), onde oito ovos (dois por repetição) serviram para colheitas de amostras de gema e albúmen e os outros oito (dois por repetição) para ovo total. Pode-se concluir que, a detecção de 2,0% de FCOB no ovo e suas frações é possível, porém, os tratamentos com inclusão de glúten e levedura não foram diferentes dos tratamentos com inclusão da FCOB. Portanto, a inclusão de 3,0% de glúten e ou levedura na ração, não permite a diferenciação dos valores isotópicos de ?13C e ?15N do ovo e suas frações destes grupos dos que possuem 2,0% FCOB.(AU)

Sistemas de criação e linhagens de frangos de corte : desempenho, rendimento, qualidade de carne e perfil de miosinas de cadeia pesada no músculo esquelético

Um fator atualmente relevante no estudo da qualidade da carne é o estudo da miosina, que é a proteína mais abundante no músculo, envolvida no crescimento muscular, desenvolvimento do animal, geração de força (contração muscular) e maciez da carne. Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de carne e aspectos morfológicos das fibras musculares esqueléticas e perfil de miosina de cadeia pesada do músculo flexor longo do hálux, de quatro linhagens de frangos de corte, criados nos sistemas confinado e semi-confinado. O delineamento foi conduzido em fatorial 4x2, quatro linhagens (Ross 308, Máster Gris, Label Rouge e Vermelhão Pesado), dois sistemas de criação (confinamento e semi-confinamento), com quatro repetições por tratamento. Aos 28 e 84 dias de idade, foram abatidas quatro aves por tratamento, totalizando 64 aves. A técnica eletroforética separou somente duas isoformas de miosinas, tipo MyHC-I e MyHC-II, no músculo flexor longo do hálux dos frangos de corte. Com aumento da idade, aumentou a isoforma da miosina de cadeia pesada MyHC II e diminuiu a MyHC I. A expressão das isoformas de miosina de cadeia pesada não foram influenciadas pela linhagem e sistema de criação. Não se encontrou influencia do sistema de criação para pH, cor do peito e da coxa e características físicas do peito. Em relação às características físicas do peito, a linhagem Ross foi superior, e entre as linhagens tipo caipira, a vermelhão Pesado é que se destacou. Aves da linhagem Ross apresentaram maior peso vivo, peso de perna, peso e área do músculo flexor longo do hálux, em comparação as do tipo caipira. O maior teor de luminosidade ocorreu com aumento do pH. Com a maior porcentagem de MyHC-II, ocorreu o aumento do teor de luminosidade (L*) e de amarelo (b*), já com MyHC-I, ocorreu o inverso

A factor now important in the study of the quality of the meat it is the study of the myosin, that is the most abundant protein in the muscle, involved in the muscular growth, development of the animal, generation of force (muscular contraction) and softness of the meat.This experiment aimed to evaluate meat quality and morphologic aspects of the skeletal muscular fibers and profile of heavy chain myosin of the flexor hallucis longus of the muscle, of four strains of cut chickens, servants in the systems confined and semi-confined. The experiment was conduted in factorial design 4x2, four strains (Ross 305, Máster Gris, Label Rouge and Vermelhao Pesado), two production systems (confinement and semi-confinement), with four replicates each treatment. To the 28, 84 days of age, they were maybe removed to the 4 birds for treatment, totaling 64 birds. With the technique applied electrophoresis, it was only possible to observe the separation of the myosins of the type MyHC-I and MyHC-II. With increase of the age it was observed an increase of the isoform of the heavy chain myosin MyHC II and decrease of MyHC I. the strain and the creation system did not influence the variable of heavy chain myosin (MyHC-I and MyHC-II). The creation system not influence the pH, color of the chest and of the thigh and characteristics physics of the chest. In relation to the characteristics physics of the chest, the commercial strain (Ross) it was higher, and enter the tacky strain the Heavy vermelhão it is that stood out. For the characteristics of alive weight, leg weight, weight and area of the muscle Flexor Long Hállucis, Ross was superior, and enter the strains tacky type there was not difference. And the color L* it was correlated with the pH. With the increase of the proportion of MyHC-II, it also increases

Determinação de baixa inclusão de FCOB em dietas de poedeiras por isótopos estáveis / Assessment of low amounts of meat and bone meal in the diet of laying hens by using stable isotopes

The aim of this study was to assess whether the inclusion of low amounts of ingredients such as wheat bran, corn gluten and yeast in the diet of laying hens can interfere with the traceability of meat and bone meal (MBM) in eggs and its fractions (albumen and yolk). We used 256 laying hens distributed across eight treatment groups, which consisted of a diet based on corn-soybean-wheat (CSW) bran meal and other diets that had additions comprising gluten and/or (MBM) and/or yeast. To analyse the isotopic ratios (13C:12C and 15N:14N), on the 28th and 56th days, 16 eggs were randomly taken for each treatment (four for each repetition), where eight eggs (two for each repetition) were used to harvest yolk and albumen samples and the remaining eight (two for each repetition) were used to analyse the whole egg. We concluded that detection of 2.0% MBM in the egg and its fractions is possible; however, the results for treatments containing gluten and yeast were not different from those containing MBM. Therefore, the inclusion of 3.0% gluten and/or yeast does not result in different ?13C and ?15N isotopic values in the egg and its fractions compared to the values obtained with the addition of 2.0% MBM in the diet.

O objetivo foi verificar se a baixa inclusão de outros ingredientes, como farelo de trigo, glúten de milho e levedura na dieta de poedeiras, pode interferir na rastreabilidade da farinha de carne e ossos bovinos (FCOB) em ovos e suas frações (albúmen e gema). Foram utilizadas 256 galinhas poedeiras distribuídas em oito tratamentos, no qual, foram compostos de uma dieta MST a base de milho, farelo de soja e farelo de trigo e as demais dietas foram acrescidos de glúten e/ou (FCOB) e/ ou levedura. Para análise da razão isotópica (13C/12C e 15N/14N), nos 28º e 56º dias foram tomados aleatoriamente 16 ovos por tratamento (quatro por repetição), onde oito ovos (dois por repetição) serviram para colheitas de amostras de gema e albúmen e os outros oito (dois por repetição) para ovo total. Pode-se concluir que, a detecção de 2,0% de FCOB no ovo e suas frações é possível, porém, os tratamentos com inclusão de glúten e levedura não foram diferentes dos tratamentos com inclusão da FCOB. Portanto, a inclusão de 3,0% de glúten e ou levedura na ração, não permite a diferenciação dos valores isotópicos de ?13C e ?15N do ovo e suas frações destes grupos dos que possuem 2,0% FCOB.

Morfologia das fibras musculares esqueléticas de frangos de corte criados nos sistemas confinado e semi-confinado

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar peso vivo, rendimento de carcaça e pernas e aspectos morfológicos dos tipos de fibras musculares esqueléticas do músculo flexor longo do hálux, em machos e fêmeas de quatro linhagens de frangos de corte, criados nos sistemas confinado e semi-confinado. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado com esquema fatorial 4x2x2, ou seja, quatro linhagens (Ross-308, Pescoço Pelado Label Rouge, Caipirinha e Paraíso Pedrês), dois sistemas de criação (confinamento e semi-confinamento) e dois sexos, com duas repetições por tratamento, sendo que cada ave retirada ao acaso aos 56 dias de idade foi considerada uma unidade experimental, totalizando 64 aves. A maior massa muscular das aves selecionadas para alta taxa de crescimento está relacionada ao aumento na área dos três tipos de fibras musculares (SO, FOG e FG). Machos apresentaram maior massa muscular e musculatura mais glicolítica que as fêmeas. O sistema de criação semi-confinado alterou a composição de fibras musculares esqueléticas dos machos, tornando-a mais oxidativa, porém tal efeito não foi observado nas fêmeas

The aim of this research was to evaluate body weight, carcass and legs yields and the types of skeletal muscle fibers of the flexor hallucis longus muscle using histochemical and morphologic aspects, in four strains of broilers reared in the confined and semi-confined system. The experiment was conducted in factorial design 4x2x2, four strains (Ross-308, Naked Neck Label Rouge, Caipirinha and Paraiso Pedrês), two production systems (confinement and semi-confinement) and two sex, with two replicates each treatment, considering each bird randomly at 56 of age an experimental unit, totalizing 64 birds. The biggest muscle mass of the birds selected for high tax of growth is related to the increase in the area of the three types of skeletal muscle fibers (SO, FOG and FG). Males show greater muscle mass and glycolityc muscle than the females. The semi-confined system modified the skeletal muscle fiber composition of the males, becoming it oxidative, however such effect was not observed in the females