Linfoma intraocular em cães - achados da ultrassonografia contrastada e elastografia ARFI / Intraocular lymphoma in dogs - findings of contrast enhanced ultrasound and ARFI elastography

Background: Ocular lymphoma can affect the iris, conjunctiva, choroid, and retina and is mostly associated with multicentric disease. Elastography is an ultrasound technique that provides noninvasive, pain-free assessment of tissue stiffness. It has the ability to assess subtle changes throughout the organ as well as focal lesions. Microbubble contrast ultrasound enables the detection of incipient vascular flows, which are difficult to detect using traditional ultrasound methods. This study aimed to describe acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography and microbubble contrast ultrasound findings in the eyes of two dogs diagnosed with intraocular T-cell lymphoma. Cases: Case 1. Physical examination revealed an exophytic mass in the left eye. Schirmer test revealed a secretion of 22 mm/min. Negative threat reflex, glare, direct pupillary light reflex, and consensual response were also noted. Biomicroscopy revealed hyperplasia of the third eyelid, overlapping with the affected eye. When the membrane was removed, moderate conjunctival hyperemia, mucoid secretion, and buphthalmia were observed. In addition, significant corneal edema was present, making it impossible to visualize the anterior chamber and perform fundus examination. The intraocular pressure, as measured with a rebound tonometer, was 39 mmHg. B-mode ultrasonography identified amorphous, hyperechoic, and heterogeneous structures throughout the anterior chamber, iris, and ciliary body. The elastogram showed that the mass had greenish tones and intermediate stiffness, and the mean SWV of the ciliary body and iris was 2 m/s. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) revealed vascularization of the neoformation region, with wash-in, peak, and wash-out values of 9.89 s, 24.56 s, and 107.87 s, respectively. Case 2. On physical examination, a change in the shape of the right pupil was observed. Schirmer test revealed a secretion of 20 mm/min, with negative threat, glare, and pupillary reflexes to direct and consensual light. Biomicroscopy revealed neoformation from 7 am to 11 am in the sclera, retina, and choroid complex, concomitant with dyscoria and conjunctival hyperemia. The intraocular pressure, as measured by rebound tonometry, was 33 mmHg. Fundoscopy revealed a mass in the temporal region and focal retinal detachment. No changes were observed in the contralateral eye. B-mode ultrasound revealed an increase in volume in the temporal region of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid with diffuse heterogeneity and partial retinal detachment. Elastographic examination revealed shades of green and yellow compatible with increased tissue stiffness. On quantitative examination, the mean SWVs of the ciliary body and iris were 3.14 m/s. On CEUS, the neoformation region presented wash-in, peak, and wash-out values of 8.67 s, 22.33 s, and 80.20 s. Discussion: B-mode ultrasonography established the tumor extent and evaluated echogenicity, verifying the involved ocular structures. The examination played an important role in the diagnosis as well as clinical management. ARFI elastography can detect small tissue changes, helping to define nodules and masses more reliably, in addition to allowing the verification of tissue stiffness. In both dogs, it was possible to verify that the masses presented greater rigidity than the adjacent tissues both qualitatively and quantitatively. In previous studies, it was found that cutaneous and breast lymphomas in humans were more rigid than adjacent tissues on elastography. This increase in rigidity and heterogeneity observed on elastograms can be explained by the extramedullary interactions of the matrix in T-cell lymphomas. Tumor growth is dependent on the blood supply, which was evaluated using CEUS in these cases. Furthermore, the ciliary body contrast filling times were longer than those described in normal dogs.

Uso de imagens para diagnóstico de afecções oculares - revisão de literatura / Use of images for the diagnosis of ocular pathologies - literature review / Uso de imágenes para el diagnóstico de patologías de los ojos - revisión de la literatura

La oftalmología veterinaria cubre el diagnóstico de alteraciones oculares primarias, perioculares y retrobulbares, así como sus manifestaciones sistémicas y secundarias, lo que es posible gracias a la evaluación completa del bulbo ocular, la órbita y las inserciones mediante un examen oftálmico completo y exámenes complementarios. Entre las pruebas de imagen que ayudan en el diagnóstico de patologías oculares, la ecografía se encuentra entre las pruebas de imagen más utilizadas en la rutina veterinaria, ayudando en la observación de anomalías retrobulbares y en la evaluación de estructuras bulbosas en presencia de medios transparentes opacos, por ejemplo. Además de la ecografía, existen otros tipos de exámenes, que incluyen tomografía computarizada, resonancia magnética, angiografía, microscopía especular, angiografía, tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) y angiografía por tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT-A). Debido a los avances tecnológicos en la obtención de imágenes, la evaluación del globo ocular y de las estructuras orbitarias se puede realizar con mayor precisión, lo que favorece el diagnóstico y la elección terapéutica adecuada. El objetivo de esta revisión es enumerar las pruebas disponibles, sus principales indicaciones, así como su aplicabilidad y estudios en animales domésticos.

Veterinary ophthalmology covers the diagnosis of primary ocular, periocular and retrobulbar alterations, and also their systemic and secondary manifestations. That is possible through the complete clinic avaliation of ocular bulb, orbit and attachments and the use of complementary exams. Among the imaging exams that help in the diagnostics of ocular pathologies, ultrasound is one of the most used exams in the veterinary routine, assisting in the observation of retrobulbar abnormalities and bulbar structures when the transparency of the tissues is committed, for example. There are other modalities of imaging exams like computer tomography, magnetic resonance, angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography optical coherence tomography (OCT-A). Due to technology advances in images, the avaliation of ocular globe and orbital structures is more accurate, allowing accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment. The aim of this literature review is list the available exams and their indications, as well as their applicability and studies in domestic animals.

A oftalmologia veterinária abrange o diagnóstico das alterações oculares, perioculares e retrobulbares primárias, e também suas manifestações sistêmicas e secundárias, o que se torna possível a partir da avaliação completa do bulbo ocular, órbita e anexos por meio do exame oftálmico completo e de exames complementares. Dentre os exames de imagens que auxiliam no diagnóstico das afecções oculares, a ultrassonografia está entre os exames de imagem mais utilizados na rotina veterinária, auxiliando na observação de anormalidades retrobulbares e na avaliação das estruturas bulbares na presença de opacificação de meios transparentes, por exemplo. Além da ultrassonografia, existem outras modalidades de exames, dentre eles a tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética, angiografia, microscopia especular, tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) e angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT-A).  Em virtude dos avanços tecnológicos na obtenção de imagens, a avaliação globo ocular e das estruturas orbitárias pode ser realizada com maior precisão, o que favorece o diagnóstico e a escolha terapêutica adequada. Objetiva-se com esta revisão enumerar os exames disponíveis, suas principais indicações, bem como sua aplicabilidade e estudos em animais domésticos.

Uso de imagens para diagnóstico de afecções oculares - revisão de literatura / Use of images for the diagnosis of ocular pathologies - literature review / Uso de imágenes para el diagnóstico de patologías de los ojos - revisión de la literatura

La oftalmología veterinaria cubre el diagnóstico de alteraciones oculares primarias, perioculares y retrobulbares, así como sus manifestaciones sistémicas y secundarias, lo que es posible gracias a la evaluación completa del bulbo ocular, la órbita y las inserciones mediante un examen oftálmico completo y exámenes complementarios. Entre las pruebas de imagen que ayudan en el diagnóstico de patologías oculares, la ecografía se encuentra entre las pruebas de imagen más utilizadas en la rutina veterinaria, ayudando en la observación de anomalías retrobulbares y en la evaluación de estructuras bulbosas en presencia de medios transparentes opacos, por ejemplo. Además de la ecografía, existen otros tipos de exámenes, que incluyen tomografía computarizada, resonancia magnética, angiografía, microscopía especular, angiografía, tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) y angiografía por tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT-A). Debido a los avances tecnológicos en la obtención de imágenes, la evaluación del globo ocular y de las estructuras orbitarias se puede realizar con mayor precisión, lo que favorece el diagnóstico y la elección terapéutica adecuada. El objetivo de esta revisión es enumerar las pruebas disponibles, sus principales indicaciones, así como su aplicabilidad y estudios en animales domésticos.(AU)

Veterinary ophthalmology covers the diagnosis of primary ocular, periocular and retrobulbar alterations, and also their systemic and secondary manifestations. That is possible through the complete clinic avaliation of ocular bulb, orbit and attachments and the use of complementary exams. Among the imaging exams that help in the diagnostics of ocular pathologies, ultrasound is one of the most used exams in the veterinary routine, assisting in the observation of retrobulbar abnormalities and bulbar structures when the transparency of the tissues is committed, for example. There are other modalities of imaging exams like computer tomography, magnetic resonance, angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography optical coherence tomography (OCT-A). Due to technology advances in images, the avaliation of ocular globe and orbital structures is more accurate, allowing accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment. The aim of this literature review is list the available exams and their indications, as well as their applicability and studies in domestic animals.(AU)

A oftalmologia veterinária abrange o diagnóstico das alterações oculares, perioculares e retrobulbares primárias, e também suas manifestações sistêmicas e secundárias, o que se torna possível a partir da avaliação completa do bulbo ocular, órbita e anexos por meio do exame oftálmico completo e de exames complementares. Dentre os exames de imagens que auxiliam no diagnóstico das afecções oculares, a ultrassonografia está entre os exames de imagem mais utilizados na rotina veterinária, auxiliando na observação de anormalidades retrobulbares e na avaliação das estruturas bulbares na presença de opacificação de meios transparentes, por exemplo. Além da ultrassonografia, existem outras modalidades de exames, dentre eles a tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética, angiografia, microscopia especular, tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) e angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT-A).  Em virtude dos avanços tecnológicos na obtenção de imagens, a avaliação globo ocular e das estruturas orbitárias pode ser realizada com maior precisão, o que favorece o diagnóstico e a escolha terapêutica adequada. Objetiva-se com esta revisão enumerar os exames disponíveis, suas principais indicações, bem como sua aplicabilidade e estudos em animais domésticos.(AU)

Ultrasound methods used for planning for cataract surgery in dogs / Métodos ultrassonográficos utilizados para o planejamento para a cirurgia de catarata em cães

Cataract is an important disease on veterinary ophthalmology. Different techniques facilitate the classification of the cataracts, adding information obtained by the conventional eye exam. This review discusses different modalities of ultrasonography methods available for diagnosis and surgical planning in dogs with cataracts. A-Mode ultrasound is used to evaluate thickness and length of the lens. B-Mode also has the capacity to evaluate features of echogenicity, echotexture, position of the lens and the identification of retinal and vitreous degenerations. The ultrasonic biomicroscopy is useful in assessing the anterior capsule and the positioning of the lens. The Doppler method it is useful to detection of vascular changes in patients with cataracts. The elastography method however allows measuring the lens rigidity, which is extremely important for planning and surgical prognosis.

A catarata é considerada importante afecção em oftalmologia veterinária. Diferentes técnicas ultrassonográficas auxiliam na sua classificação das cataratas, complementando informações obtidas ao exame oftálmico convencional. Esta revisão descreve diferentes modalidades ultrassonográficas disponíveis para o auxílio diagnóstico e o planejamento cirúrgico em casos de catarata. A ultrassonografia modo A permite avaliar a espessura e o comprimento da lente. A ultrassonografia modo B permite avaliar características de ecogenicidade, ecotextura, bem como a posição da lente, identificação de descolamentos da retina e degenerações vítreas. A biomicroscopia ultrassônica mostra-se útil na avaliação da cápsula anterior e do posicionamento da lente. O método Doppler, na detecção de alterações vasculares em pacientes com catarata. A elastografia permite a avaliação do grau de rigidez de um tecido, condição importante para o planejamento e prognóstico cirúrgicos.

Ultrasound methods used for planning for cataract surgery in dogs / Métodos ultrassonográficos utilizados para o planejamento para a cirurgia de catarata em cães

Cataract is an important disease on veterinary ophthalmology. Different techniques facilitate the classification of the cataracts, adding information obtained by the conventional eye exam. This review discusses different modalities of ultrasonography methods available for diagnosis and surgical planning in dogs with cataracts. A-Mode ultrasound is used to evaluate thickness and length of the lens. B-Mode also has the capacity to evaluate features of echogenicity, echotexture, position of the lens and the identification of retinal and vitreous degenerations. The ultrasonic biomicroscopy is useful in assessing the anterior capsule and the positioning of the lens. The Doppler method it is useful to detection of vascular changes in patients with cataracts. The elastography method however allows measuring the lens rigidity, which is extremely important for planning and surgical prognosis.(AU)

A catarata é considerada importante afecção em oftalmologia veterinária. Diferentes técnicas ultrassonográficas auxiliam na sua classificação das cataratas, complementando informações obtidas ao exame oftálmico convencional. Esta revisão descreve diferentes modalidades ultrassonográficas disponíveis para o auxílio diagnóstico e o planejamento cirúrgico em casos de catarata. A ultrassonografia modo A permite avaliar a espessura e o comprimento da lente. A ultrassonografia modo B permite avaliar características de ecogenicidade, ecotextura, bem como a posição da lente, identificação de descolamentos da retina e degenerações vítreas. A biomicroscopia ultrassônica mostra-se útil na avaliação da cápsula anterior e do posicionamento da lente. O método Doppler, na detecção de alterações vasculares em pacientes com catarata. A elastografia permite a avaliação do grau de rigidez de um tecido, condição importante para o planejamento e prognóstico cirúrgicos.(AU)

Contrast-enhanced ocular ultrasonography in brachycephalic dogs

Background: Contrast Enchantment Ultrasonography (CEUS) allows for detection of vascular flows that are difficult to detect with traditional methods. There were no reports found in the literature of the use of CEUS to evaluate the vascular pattern of the eye of brachycephalic dogs. The objective of this paper is to describe ultrasound findings observed in the eyes of healthy brachycephalic dogs subjected to CEUS.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty adult brachycephalic dogs were subjected to physical, laboratorial, and ophthalmic examination. The eye structures were evaluated using CEUS after intravenous administration of Sonovue®. Contrast enhancement was seen in 52 eyes with a homogeneous and centrifugal filling pattern. Structures adequately enhanced consisted of the optic nerve, the retina-choroid-sclera complex (RCSC), and the ciliary body. The optic nerve was hyperenhanced and the other structures were isoenhanced. The wash-in time, peak enhancement time, and wash-out time were similar for both right and left eyes. Mean values and standard deviation were calculated for contrast wash-in time, peak enhancement time, and wash-out time in the optic nerve, RCSC, and ciliary body.Discussion: Ultrasound is an important diagnostic resource for veterinary ophthalmology and provides relevant information for the detection of pathological conditions of the eyes of animals. The contrast-enhanced ultrasound allows evaluation of tissues at the capillary level (macro and microcirculation), complementing the vascular ultrasound scan. This study brings original information on contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings for evaluation of eyes in dogs, creating novel diagnostic possibilities for the use of this imaging technique in veterinary ophthalmology.[...]

Contrast-enhanced ocular ultrasonography in brachycephalic dogs

Background: Contrast Enchantment Ultrasonography (CEUS) allows for detection of vascular flows that are difficult to detect with traditional methods. There were no reports found in the literature of the use of CEUS to evaluate the vascular pattern of the eye of brachycephalic dogs. The objective of this paper is to describe ultrasound findings observed in the eyes of healthy brachycephalic dogs subjected to CEUS.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty adult brachycephalic dogs were subjected to physical, laboratorial, and ophthalmic examination. The eye structures were evaluated using CEUS after intravenous administration of Sonovue®. Contrast enhancement was seen in 52 eyes with a homogeneous and centrifugal filling pattern. Structures adequately enhanced consisted of the optic nerve, the retina-choroid-sclera complex (RCSC), and the ciliary body. The optic nerve was hyperenhanced and the other structures were isoenhanced. The wash-in time, peak enhancement time, and wash-out time were similar for both right and left eyes. Mean values and standard deviation were calculated for contrast wash-in time, peak enhancement time, and wash-out time in the optic nerve, RCSC, and ciliary body.Discussion: Ultrasound is an important diagnostic resource for veterinary ophthalmology and provides relevant information for the detection of pathological conditions of the eyes of animals. The contrast-enhanced ultrasound allows evaluation of tissues at the capillary level (macro and microcirculation), complementing the vascular ultrasound scan. This study brings original information on contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings for evaluation of eyes in dogs, creating novel diagnostic possibilities for the use of this imaging technique in veterinary ophthalmology.[...](AU)

Compartment syndrome suspected in domestic cat after radius and ulna fixation - case report / Suspeita de síndrome compartimental em gato doméstico após osteossíntese de rádio e ulna - relato de caso

The compartmental syndrome is a condition, which leads to ischemia and necrosis of the tissues involved, causing, if not identified early severe injuries. We report here the case of a 3-year-old mongrel cat, with approximately 3.2 kg treated at a clinic in Cuiabá-MT, with complete fracture of the proximal radius and ulna in the right forelimb. The patient underwent surgery (osteosynthesis radio and ulna), 36 hours after the surgical procedure were observed signs of the syndrome as the decrease of the temperature 3 cm distal to the fracture, cyanosis, absence of pain and proprioception. Confronted with these symptoms fasciotomy was conducted in attempt to recover the blood perfusion. After 7 days of treatment, it was not possible to reverse the syndrome picture, resulting in amputation of the affected limb. So it is a serious condition, underdiagnosed that has no previous descriptions in the national literature, and when neglected leads in amputation.

A síndrome compartimental é uma afecção que leva à isquemia e necrose dos tecidos envolvidos, gerando graves lesões quando não identificada precocemente. Este trabalho relata o caso de uma gata de 3 anos de idade, sem raça definida, com aproximadamente 3,2 kg, atendida em uma clínica na cidade de Cuiabá-MT, com fratura proximal completa de rádio e ulna no membro torácico direito. O paciente foi submetido à cirurgia (osteossíntese de rádio e ulna), 36 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico foram observados sinais da síndrome como diminuição da temperatura do segmento distal 3 cm abaixo da fratura, cianose, ausência de dor e propriocepção. Diante desses sintomas foi realizado fasciotomias na tentativa de recuperar a perfusão sanguínea. Após 7 dias de tratamento, não foi possível reverter o quadro da síndrome, resultando em amputação do membro acometido. Logo, trata-se de uma afecção grave, subdiagnosticada que não apresenta descrições prévias na literatura nacional, e quando negligenciada enseja em amputação.

Compartment syndrome suspected in domestic cat after radius and ulna fixation - case report / Suspeita de síndrome compartimental em gato doméstico após osteossíntese de rádio e ulna - relato de caso

The compartmental syndrome is a condition, which leads to ischemia and necrosis of the tissues involved, causing, if not identified early severe injuries. We report here the case of a 3-year-old mongrel cat, with approximately 3.2 kg treated at a clinic in Cuiabá-MT, with complete fracture of the proximal radius and ulna in the right forelimb. The patient underwent surgery (osteosynthesis radio and ulna), 36 hours after the surgical procedure were observed signs of the syndrome as the decrease of the temperature 3 cm distal to the fracture, cyanosis, absence of pain and proprioception. Confronted with these symptoms fasciotomy was conducted in attempt to recover the blood perfusion. After 7 days of treatment, it was not possible to reverse the syndrome picture, resulting in amputation of the affected limb. So it is a serious condition, underdiagnosed that has no previous descriptions in the national literature, and when neglected leads in amputation.(AU)

A síndrome compartimental é uma afecção que leva à isquemia e necrose dos tecidos envolvidos, gerando graves lesões quando não identificada precocemente. Este trabalho relata o caso de uma gata de 3 anos de idade, sem raça definida, com aproximadamente 3,2 kg, atendida em uma clínica na cidade de Cuiabá-MT, com fratura proximal completa de rádio e ulna no membro torácico direito. O paciente foi submetido à cirurgia (osteossíntese de rádio e ulna), 36 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico foram observados sinais da síndrome como diminuição da temperatura do segmento distal 3 cm abaixo da fratura, cianose, ausência de dor e propriocepção. Diante desses sintomas foi realizado fasciotomias na tentativa de recuperar a perfusão sanguínea. Após 7 dias de tratamento, não foi possível reverter o quadro da síndrome, resultando em amputação do membro acometido. Logo, trata-se de uma afecção grave, subdiagnosticada que não apresenta descrições prévias na literatura nacional, e quando negligenciada enseja em amputação.(AU)

Description of clinical and surgical aspects of four cases of lip commissure to eyelid transposition for repair of eyelid coloboma in cats / Descrição clínico-cirúrgica de quatro casos de transposição da comissura labial para correção de coloboma palpebral em gatos

Background: Eyelid coloboma or eyelid agenesis is the most common congenital disease in cats. It can affect both the upper and the lower lids and is commonly bilateral. This congenital defect has been reported in several breeds, such as Persian and Domestic Short-Haired Cat. Generally, this defect results in inversion of the colobomatous eyelid, which can cause trichiasis and inflammatory keratitis and corneal ulceration. The only effective treatment is blepharoplasty. This paper describes the clinical and surgical aspects of four patients treated by lip commissure to eyelid transposition for the repair of eyelid coloboma using the technique described in 2010. Results of this procedure have never been reported in Brazil.Cases: Seven eyes of four cats presenting eyelid coloboma affecting up to two thirds of the eyelid were evaluated in this study. Two of the four cats were males and two were females; their average age was 3 years. All patients were admitted at the same institution, and the main issues were purulent discharge and impaired vision. Diagnosis was based on physical and ophthalmic examination. Non-ulcerative keratitis was present in all cases. Corneal ulcer was diagnosed in three patients by the fluorescein dye test. In two cats, a corneo-conjunctival dermoid was found at the temporal-dorsal region of one eye, and measured approximately 0.3 mm; and the other two [...]

Description of clinical and surgical aspects of four cases of lip commissure to eyelid transposition for repair of eyelid coloboma in cats / Descrição clínico-cirúrgica de quatro casos de transposição da comissura labial para correção de coloboma palpebral em gatos

Background: Eyelid coloboma or eyelid agenesis is the most common congenital disease in cats. It can affect both the upper and the lower lids and is commonly bilateral. This congenital defect has been reported in several breeds, such as Persian and Domestic Short-Haired Cat. Generally, this defect results in inversion of the colobomatous eyelid, which can cause trichiasis and inflammatory keratitis and corneal ulceration. The only effective treatment is blepharoplasty. This paper describes the clinical and surgical aspects of four patients treated by lip commissure to eyelid transposition for the repair of eyelid coloboma using the technique described in 2010. Results of this procedure have never been reported in Brazil.Cases: Seven eyes of four cats presenting eyelid coloboma affecting up to two thirds of the eyelid were evaluated in this study. Two of the four cats were males and two were females; their average age was 3 years. All patients were admitted at the same institution, and the main issues were purulent discharge and impaired vision. Diagnosis was based on physical and ophthalmic examination. Non-ulcerative keratitis was present in all cases. Corneal ulcer was diagnosed in three patients by the fluorescein dye test. In two cats, a corneo-conjunctival dermoid was found at the temporal-dorsal region of one eye, and measured approximately 0.3 mm; and the other two [...](AU)

Osteossarcoma em gato jovem - relato de caso / Osteosarcoma in a young cat - case report / Osteosarcoma en un gato joven - reporte de un caso

Tumores ósseos primários são raros em felinos, afetam principalmente animais idosos e apresentam predileção pelo esqueleto apendicular. Este trabalho relata o caso de um felino macho de dezoito meses de idade, mestiço, em adequado estado nutricional, que foi atendido com histórico de massa de crescimento rápido no membro pélvico direito. Apresentava-se ativo, porém com claudicação e dor no local. O exame físico e radiográfico levantou a suspeita de osteossarcoma apendicular, o que foi posteriormente confirmado por meio de histopatologia. O paciente foi submetido à amputação por meio de desarticulação coxofemoral. Devido ao baixo índice metastático nessa espécie não foram realizados protocolos quimioterápicos, e nos retornos periódicos o exame radiográfico não apresentou evidência de metástase. A baixa incidência nessa espécie felina, assim como a idade do paciente, justificam a relevância do presente relato.

Primary bone tumors are rare in cats; they affect mainly older animals and have a predilection for the appendicular skeleton. This paper reports the case of an eighteen-month-old male mongrel cat. The patient was active and in adequate nutritional status, but had a rapidly growing mass in the right pelvic limb, which caused lameness and pain at the site. Physical and radiographic examination suggested appendicular osteosarcoma, which was subsequently confirmed by histopathology. The patient underwent amputation by hip disarticulation. Due to the low metastatic rate in this species, chemotherapy protocols were not performed. Periodic post-surgical radiographic examinations showed no evidence of metastasis. Both the low incidence of this disease in this feline species and the patient's young age justify the relevance of this report.

Los tumores óseos primarios son poco frecuentes en los gatos y afectan principalmente a animales de edad avanzada, localizándose en la mayor parte de los casos en huesos largos. Este trabajo relata el caso de un gato macho de dieciocho meses de edad, mestizo y en adecuado estado nutricional, que se presentó a consulta con histórico de masa de crecimiento rápido en el miembro posterior derecho. El paciente se encontraba activo, aunque presentaba presencia de claudicación y dolor local. El examen físico y las radiografías llevaron a un diagnóstico presuntivo de osteosarcoma, posteriormente confirmado a través de la histopatología. El paciente fue amputado mediante desarticulación coxo femoral. Dado que el índice de metástasis es bajo en los gatos, no se indicó la realización de quimioterapia; y en los controles clínicos y radiográficos no se detectó la presencia de metástasis. La justificativa del presente relato se fundamenta en la baja incidencia de osteosarcomas en estos felinos, particularmente en animales de baja edad.

Osteossarcoma em gato jovem - relato de caso / Osteosarcoma in a young cat - case report / Osteosarcoma en un gato joven - reporte de un caso

Tumores ósseos primários são raros em felinos, afetam principalmente animais idosos e apresentam predileção pelo esqueleto apendicular. Este trabalho relata o caso de um felino macho de dezoito meses de idade, mestiço, em adequado estado nutricional, que foi atendido com histórico de massa de crescimento rápido no membro pélvico direito. Apresentava-se ativo, porém com claudicação e dor no local. O exame físico e radiográfico levantou a suspeita de osteossarcoma apendicular, o que foi posteriormente confirmado por meio de histopatologia. O paciente foi submetido à amputação por meio de desarticulação coxofemoral. Devido ao baixo índice metastático nessa espécie não foram realizados protocolos quimioterápicos, e nos retornos periódicos o exame radiográfico não apresentou evidência de metástase. A baixa incidência nessa espécie felina, assim como a idade do paciente, justificam a relevância do presente relato.(AU)

Primary bone tumors are rare in cats; they affect mainly older animals and have a predilection for the appendicular skeleton. This paper reports the case of an eighteen-month-old male mongrel cat. The patient was active and in adequate nutritional status, but had a rapidly growing mass in the right pelvic limb, which caused lameness and pain at the site. Physical and radiographic examination suggested appendicular osteosarcoma, which was subsequently confirmed by histopathology. The patient underwent amputation by hip disarticulation. Due to the low metastatic rate in this species, chemotherapy protocols were not performed. Periodic post-surgical radiographic examinations showed no evidence of metastasis. Both the low incidence of this disease in this feline species and the patient's young age justify the relevance of this report.(AU)

Los tumores óseos primarios son poco frecuentes en los gatos y afectan principalmente a animales de edad avanzada, localizándose en la mayor parte de los casos en huesos largos. Este trabajo relata el caso de un gato macho de dieciocho meses de edad, mestizo y en adecuado estado nutricional, que se presentó a consulta con histórico de masa de crecimiento rápido en el miembro posterior derecho. El paciente se encontraba activo, aunque presentaba presencia de claudicación y dolor local. El examen físico y las radiografías llevaron a un diagnóstico presuntivo de osteosarcoma, posteriormente confirmado a través de la histopatología. El paciente fue amputado mediante desarticulación coxo femoral. Dado que el índice de metástasis es bajo en los gatos, no se indicó la realización de quimioterapia; y en los controles clínicos y radiográficos no se detectó la presencia de metástasis. La justificativa del presente relato se fundamenta en la baja incidencia de osteosarcomas en estos felinos, particularmente en animales de baja edad.(AU)