Influência de diferentes doses de butorfanol na anestesia com sevofluorano em papagaios-verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva) / Influence of different doses of butorphanol in anesthesia with sevoflurane in blue-fronted parrots (Amazona aestiva)

Background: Parrots frequently require veterinary medical care. To reduce their stress, it is necessary to use chemical restraint or anesthesia. The use of balanced anesthesia techniques such as combinations of inhaled and injectable drugs is recommended. However, there is a shortage of anesthetic and analgesic protocols and data on cardiovascular and respiratory variables in wild birds. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic, cardiovascular, and respiratory effects and the quality of anesthetic recovery in blue-front parrots (Amazona aestiva) anesthetized with sevoflurane in combination with various doses of butorphanol. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-four clinically healthy animals, based on their clinical and hematological results (hematocrit and total plasma protein), were divided into 3 groups: 1- sevofluoran alone (GS); 2- associated with butorphanol at 3 mg/kg (GB3), and 3- 6 mg/kg (GB6) doses administered via the intramuscular (IM) route; digital clamping was used as a nociceptive stimulus. Induction and anesthetic maintenance were performed with sevoflurane at 5 and 2.5 V%, respectively, administered through a calibrated vaporizer and an anesthetic system adequate for the weight of the animals that were kept under spontaneous ventilation. It took 15 min after induction for the expired sevoflurane concentration (EtSevo) to stabilize, after which one intramuscular treatment was applied. The digital clamping was continued as a supramaximal nociceptive stimulus; if it presented a positive response, EtSevo increased by 10%, and when the stimulus decreased by 20%, digital clamping was repeated every 15 min until a positive response to the stimulus was observed. Heart rate (HR) and rhythm, respiratory rate (f), systolic blood pressure (SBP), EtSevo, expired CO2 (EtCO2 ), and body temperature (T°C) were measured during digital clamping. At the end, anesthetic...

Occurrence of oral diseases in neotropical wild carnivores kept in captivity at the zoo from Federal University of Mato Grosso Cuiabá / Ocorrência de afecções orais em carnívoros selvagens neotropicais mantidos em cativeiro no zoológico da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Cuiabá

Control of oral lesions contributes directly to the health, survival and welfare of captive animals. In order to investigate the occurrence of oral diseases in neotropical wild carnivores kept at the zoo at the Federal University of Mato Grosso Cuiabá, we evaluated 31 oral cavities from three families of carnivores (Felidae, Canidae and Procyonidae) between July 2012 and June 2013. Twelve coatis (Nasua nasua), three raccoons (Procyon cancrivorus), two maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), six crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), one hoary fox (Pseudalopex vetulus), three ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), one cougar (Puma concolor) and three wild cats (Puma yagouaroundi, Leopardus wiedii and Leopardus colocolo) were reviewed. The most frequent lesions were dental absences 21/31 (67.7%), dental fractures 20/31 (64.5%) and tooth wear 19/31 (61.3%), which were suggestive of trauma caused from stress. Of lesser importance, we also observed occurrence of dental calculus grade I in 18/31 (58%), caries 1/31 (3.2%), foreign bodies 2/31 (6.4%), orofacial fistulas 1/31 (3.2%), hyperplasia in the oral mucosa 1/31 (3.2%), dental dimming 3/31 (9.7%) and chafing of the soft tissue 5/31 (16.1%). Therefore, it was concluded that environmental enrichment strategies and oral routine evaluation must be implemented to ensure the welfare of these animals, reducing local and systemic adverse effects of oral lesions. The diet has been successful in preventing periodontal disease, suggesting that this diet for the captive animals in the institution should be maintained.(AU)

O controle de lesões odontoestomatológicas contribui diretamente na saúde, sobrevivência e bem-estar dos animais cativos. Este estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência de afecções orais em carnívoros selvagens neotropicais mantidos no zoológico da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Cuiabá. Foram avaliadas 31 cavidades orais de três famílias (Felidae, Canidae e Procyonidae), no período de julho de 2012 a junho de 2013, sendo doze quatis (Nasua nasua), três mãos-peladas (Procyon cancrivorus), dois lobos-guarás (Chrysocyon brachyurus), seis lobinhos (Cerdocyon thous), uma raposa (Pseudalopex vetulus), três jaguatiricas (Leopardus pardalis), uma onça-parda (Puma concolor) e três gatos selvagens (Puma yaguaroundi, Leopardus wiedii e Leopardus colocolo). As lesões mais frequentes foram ausências dentárias 21/31 (67,7%), fraturas dentárias 20/31 (64,5%) e desgastes dentários 19/31 (61,3%), as quais foram sugestivas de traumas, proveniente de estresse. Foram ainda observados com menor expressão, acúmulo de cálculo dentário grau I em 18/31 (58%), cárie 1/31 (3,2%), corpo estranho 2/31 (6,4%), fístula orofacial 1/31 (3,2%), hiperplasia na mucosa oral 1/31 (3,2%), escurecimento dental 3/31 (9,7%) e escoriações em tecidos moles 4/31 (12,9%). Logo, foi possível concluir que estratégias de enriquecimento ambiental e rotina de avaliação odontoestomatológica são importantes para garantir o bem-estar desses animais, reduzindo as consequências negativas locais e sistêmicas das lesões orais. A dieta utilizada mostrou-se eficiente na prevenção de doença periodontal, sugerindo a manutenção da mesma na alimentação dos animais cativos da instituição.(AU)

Occurrence of oral diseases in neotropical wild carnivores kept in captivity at the zoo from Federal University of Mato Grosso – Cuiabá / Ocorrência de afecções orais em carnívoros selvagens neotropicais mantidos em cativeiro no zoológico da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso – Cuiabá

Control of oral lesions contributes directly to the health, survival and welfare of captive animals. In order to investigate the occurrence of oral diseases in neotropical wild carnivores kept at the zoo at the Federal University of Mato Grosso – Cuiabá, we evaluated 31 oral cavities from three families of carnivores (Felidae, Canidae and Procyonidae) between July 2012 and June 2013. Twelve coatis (Nasua nasua), three raccoons (Procyon cancrivorus), two maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), six crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), one hoary fox (Pseudalopex vetulus), three ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), one cougar (Puma concolor) and three wild cats (Puma yagouaroundi, Leopardus wiedii and Leopardus colocolo) were reviewed. The most frequent lesions were dental absences 21/31 (67.7%), dental fractures 20/31 (64.5%) and tooth wear 19/31 (61.3%), which were suggestive of trauma caused from stress. Of lesser importance, we also observed occurrence of dental calculus grade I in 18/31 (58%), caries 1/31 (3.2%), foreign bodies 2/31 (6.4%), orofacial fistulas 1/31 (3.2%), hyperplasia in the oral mucosa 1/31 (3.2%), dental dimming 3/31 (9.7%) and chafing of the soft tissue 5/31 (16.1%). Therefore, it was concluded that environmental enrichment strategies and oral routine evaluation must be implemented to ensure the welfare of these animals, reducing local and systemic adverse effects of oral lesions. The diet has been successful in preventing periodontal disease, suggesting that this diet for the captive animals in the institution should be maintained.

O controle de lesões odontoestomatológicas contribui diretamente na saúde, sobrevivência e bem-estar dos animais cativos. Este estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência de afecções orais em carnívoros selvagens neotropicais mantidos no zoológico da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso – Cuiabá. Foram avaliadas 31 cavidades orais de três famílias (Felidae, Canidae e Procyonidae), no período de julho de 2012 a junho de 2013, sendo doze quatis (Nasua nasua), três mãos-peladas (Procyon cancrivorus), dois lobos-guarás (Chrysocyon brachyurus), seis lobinhos (Cerdocyon thous), uma raposa (Pseudalopex vetulus), três jaguatiricas (Leopardus pardalis), uma onça-parda (Puma concolor) e três gatos selvagens (Puma yaguaroundi, Leopardus wiedii e Leopardus colocolo). As lesões mais frequentes foram ausências dentárias 21/31 (67,7%), fraturas dentárias 20/31 (64,5%) e desgastes dentários 19/31 (61,3%), as quais foram sugestivas de traumas, proveniente de estresse. Foram ainda observados com menor expressão, acúmulo de cálculo dentário grau I em 18/31 (58%), cárie 1/31 (3,2%), corpo estranho 2/31 (6,4%), fístula orofacial 1/31 (3,2%), hiperplasia na mucosa oral 1/31 (3,2%), escurecimento dental 3/31 (9,7%) e escoriações em tecidos moles 4/31 (12,9%). Logo, foi possível concluir que estratégias de enriquecimento ambiental e rotina de avaliação odontoestomatológica são importantes para garantir o bem-estar desses animais, reduzindo as consequências negativas locais e sistêmicas das lesões orais. A dieta utilizada mostrou-se eficiente na prevenção de doença periodontal, sugerindo a manutenção da mesma na alimentação dos animais cativos da instituição.