Contribuição da inclusão de polpa cítrica e casca de soja para a qualidade da silagem de resíduo úmido de cervejaria / Contribution of citrus pulp and soybean hulls for silage quality of brewery waste

Com o objetivo de avaliar a produção da silagem e o uso de aditivos no processo de ensilagem do resíduo úmido de cervejaria, foram realizados 5 tratamentos: controle (C: ensilagem de 100% de resíduo úmido de cervejaria); PC15 (15% de polpa cítrica); PC30 (30% de polpa cítrica); CS15 (15% de casca de soja); CS30 (30% de casca de soja) - com base na matéria fresca do resíduo de cervejaria. As silagens foram confeccionadas em baldes plásticos com 252mm de altura e 245mm de diâmetro (0,06174m³), e amostras foram coletadas para análises bromatológicas, pH, nitrogênio amoniacal, digestão in vitro de matéria seca, ácidos orgânicos e perfil microbiológico. Os resultados foram analisados pelo programa computacional Statistical Analysis System (Statistical..., 1985), sendo verificada a normalidade dos resíduos pelo Teste de Shapiro-Wilk (PROC UNIVARIATE), e as variâncias, pelo Teste de Hartley. Os efeitos dos níveis de adição foram separados por meio de contrastes polinomiais utilizando o nível de significância de 5%. Houve aumento do teor de matéria seca, carboidratos solúveis, ácido lático, digestão in vitro de matéria seca, da população de bactérias ácido láticas e redução do pH, ácido butírico, propiônico e nitrogênio amoniacal a partir das inclusões de polpa cítrica e casca de soja, sendo os melhores resultados encontrados para o tratamento com inclusão de 30% de polpa cítrica (P<0,05). A ensilagem do bagaço de malte por si só é uma alternativa para o produtor rural como suporte alimentar e confecção de silagem de qualidade que pode ser incrementada com o uso de aditivos a serem avaliados de acordo com a relação custo-benefício para eficiência da produção.(AU)

In order to evaluate the production and use of silage additives in ensiling process of brewery residue were distributed in a completely randomized 5 treatments and 4 replicates: control (C: 100% silage brewery residue); PC15 (15% citrus pulp), PC30 (30% citrus pulp), CS15 (15% soybean hulls), CS30 (30% soybean hulls) - based on the fresh matter brewer. The material was ensiled in plastic buckets with 252 mm height and 245mm in diameter (0.06174m³) and samples were collected for chemical analyzes, pH, ammonia nitrogen, digestion "in vitro" dry matter, organic acids and microbial profile. The results were analyzed by the computer program Statistical Analysis System ( Statistical... , 1985), and verified the normality of residuals by the Shapiro-Wilk (PROC univariate) and the variances for the Test of Hartley. The effects of addition levels were separated by means of contrasts polynomial using a significance level of 5%. There was an increase in dry matter content, soluble carbohydrates, lactic acid, digestion "in vitro" dry matter, the population of lactic acid bacteria and reduced pH, butyric acid, propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen from the inclusion of citrus pulp and peel soybean, being the best results for the treatment including 30% of citrus pulp (P<0.05). The ensiling of spent grain by itself is an alternative for farmers as food support and making silage quality can be enhanced with the use of additives to be evaluated according to the cost: benefit ratio for production efficiency.(AU)

Evaluation of different digestible lysine levels for male broilers during the period of 18 to 40 days of age

A total of 1.500 male Cobb 500 broilers were used to determine the optimal digestible lysine level for 18 to 40-day-old broilers. The experimental period started when broilers were 18 days old and had an initial average weight of 737 ± 20 g. A completely randomized experimental design was applied, with five lysine levels, totaling five treatments with 10 replicates of 30 birds each. The experimental diets contained equal energy and protein levels, and 0.86, 0.95, 1.04, 1.13, and 1.22% digestible lysine. The following parameters were evaluated: average body weight at 40 days of age, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield and parts yield, and abdominal fat percentage. There was a quadratic effect (p 0.05) of digestible lysine levels on average body weight at 40 days of age, daily weight gain, and breast yield, and a cubic effect on feed conversion ratio and abdominal fat. There was no influence of lysine levels of daily feed intake, carcass yield, leg, or wing yields. It was concluded that digestible lysine requirements for male broilers during the evaluated period was 1.22% for performance and 1.04% for carcass yield.

Evaluation of different digestible lysine levels for male broilers during the period of 18 to 40 days of age

A total of 1.500 male Cobb 500 broilers were used to determine the optimal digestible lysine level for 18 to 40-day-old broilers. The experimental period started when broilers were 18 days old and had an initial average weight of 737 ± 20 g. A completely randomized experimental design was applied, with five lysine levels, totaling five treatments with 10 replicates of 30 birds each. The experimental diets contained equal energy and protein levels, and 0.86, 0.95, 1.04, 1.13, and 1.22% digestible lysine. The following parameters were evaluated: average body weight at 40 days of age, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield and parts yield, and abdominal fat percentage. There was a quadratic effect (p 0.05) of digestible lysine levels on average body weight at 40 days of age, daily weight gain, and breast yield, and a cubic effect on feed conversion ratio and abdominal fat. There was no influence of lysine levels of daily feed intake, carcass yield, leg, or wing yields. It was concluded that digestible lysine requirements for male broilers during the evaluated period was 1.22% for performance and 1.04% for carcass yield.(AU)