Hematology and serum biochemistry of broilers fed diets supplemented with chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates

The objective of this study was to evaluate the hematology and serum biochemistry of broilers fed diets supplemented with chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates. An experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement (three levels of chondroitin sulfate: 0, 0.05 and 0.10%; and three levels of glucosamine sulfate: 0, 0.15, and 0.30%), with each treatment involving six replicates of 30 birds. Hematology (red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total plasma protein [TPP], thrombocytes, white blood cells, eosinophils, monocytes, heterophils, and lymphocytes) and serum biochemistry (totalinteraction between sulfates influenced (p < 0.05) total calcium by 21 days, ionic calcium by 21 and 42 days, and phosphorus, chlorides, and sodium by 42 days. Supplementation with chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates in the broilers' diet favored their immune system and mineral metabolism, increasing serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and sodium. serum protein [TSP], albumin, globulins, aspartate aminotransferase [AST], gamma-glutamyltransferase [GGT], alkaline phosphatase [AP], total calcium, ionic calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and chlorides) variables were evaluated at 21 and 42 days. Data were subjected to analysis of variance. When the means differed significantly by the F-test, orthogonal analysis was performed to test the linear and quadratic effects of chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate levels. Glucosamine sulfate reduced the number of monocytes linearly, by 42 days (p = 0.0399). There was an interaction effect between the sulfates on total white blood cells (p = 0.0099) and lymphocytes (p = 0.0004) by 21 days. Chickens supplemented with 0.10% chondroitin sulfate showed a linear increase in white blood cells (p = 0.0287) and lymphocytes (p = 0.0144) with the addition of glucosamine sulfate. Chondroitin sulfate supplementation increased serum albumin linearly (p = 0.0099) and TSP quadratically (p = 0.0140), by 21 days. Glucosamine sulfate induced a quadratic response (p < 0.05) in albumin by 42 days, with the lowest value found with the inclusion of 0.06%. Glucosamine sulfate reduced chlorides linearly (p = 0.0237) by 21 days and increased calcium linearly (p = 0.0012) by 42 days. The interaction between sulfates influenced (p < 0.05) total calcium by 21 days, ionic calcium by 21 and 42 days, and phosphorus, chlorides, and sodium by 42 days. Supplementation with chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates in the broilers' diet favored their immune system and mineral metabolism, increasing serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and sodium.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a hematologia e a bioquímica sérica de frangos de corte suplementados com sulfatos de condroitina e de glucosamina na ração. Foi conduzido um experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (três níveis de sulfato de condroitina: 0; 0,05 e 0,10%; e três níveis de sulfato de glucosamina: 0; 0,15 e 0,30%), cada tratamento com seis repetições de 30 aves. Foram avaliadas as variáveis de hematologia (hemácias, hemoglobina, hematócrito, proteínas plasmáticas totais [PPT], trombócitos, leucócitos, eosinófilos, monócitos, heterofilos e linfócitos) e bioquímica sérica (proteínas séricas totais [PST], albumina, globulinas, aspartato aminotransferase [AST], gama glutamiltransferase [GGT], fosfatase alcalina [FA], cálcio total, cálcio iônico, fósforo, sódio, potássio e cloretos) aos 21 e 42 dias. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância. Quando as médias diferiram significativamente pelo teste F, a análise ortogonal foi realizada para testar os efeitos lineares e quadráticos dos níveis dos sulfatos de condroitina e de glucosamina. Observou-se efeito linear decrescente (p = 0,0399) do sulfato de glucosamina na quantidade de monócitos aos 42 dias. Houve interação dos sulfatos para leucócitos totais (p = 0,0099) e linfócitos (p = 0,0004) aos 21 dias. Frangos suplementados com 0,10% de sulfato de condroitina mostraram um aumento linear dos leucócitos (p = 0,0287) e dos linfócitos (p = 0,0144) com a inclusão de sulfato de glucosamina. A suplementação com sulfato de condroitina aumentou linearmente (p = 0,0099) a albumina sérica e afetou de forma quadrática (p = 0,0140) as PST aos 21 dias. O sulfato de glucosamina demonstrou um efeito quadrático (p < 0,05) sobre a albumina aos 42 dias, o menor valor foi encontrado para a inclusão de 0,06%, respectivamente. O sulfato de glucosamina reduziu linearmente (p = 0,0237) os cloretos aos 21 dias e aumentou linearmente (p = 0,0012) o cálcio total aos 42 dias. Verificouse interação (p < 0,05) dos sulfatos para cálcio total aos 21 dias, cálcio iônico aos 21 e 42 dias e para fósforo, cloretos e sódio aos 42 dias. A suplementação com os sulfatos de condroitina e de glucosamina na ração de frangos de corte favoreceram o sistema imune e o metabolismo de minerais, com aumento nas concentrações séricas de cálcio, fósforo e sódio.(AU)

Natural infection and molecular detection of Cytauxzoon felis in a free-ranging Puma concolor in the state of Goiás, Brazil / Infecção natural e detecção molecular de Cytauxzoon felis em Puma concolor de vida livre no estado de Goiás, Brasil

The puma (Puma concolor Linnaeus, 1771), the most widely distributed felid species in the Americas, can be found in all Brazilian biomes. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on hemoparasites in this species. Cytauxzoon felis, a hemoparasite that can infect domestic cats, has also been described in wild felids in Brazil. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to diagnose the natural infection and molecular detection of C. felis in a P. concolor in the state of Goiás. This animal presented non-regenerative anemia and inclusion suggestive of piroplasmids within red blood cells. The amplified 551 bp fragment of partial Piroplasmida 18S rRNA gene sequence was 100% identical to corresponding sequences of C. felis available in GenBank. No specific treatment for cytauxzoonosis was administered, and after rehabilitation, the animal was reintroduced into the wild. This finding provides some evidence that P. concolor may act as a natural host of the parasite. The epidemiology, vector and pathogenicity of this hemoparasite in wild and domestic cats in Brazil deserves further investigation.

O puma (Puma concolor Linnaeus, 1771) tem a maior distribuição entre os felídeos das Américas e é encontrado em todos os biomas do Brasil. No entanto, poucos estudos têm se concentrado nos hemoparasitos nesta espécie. Cytauxzoon felis, um hemoparasito que pode infectar gatos domésticos, também foi descrito em felídeos selvagens no Brasil. A saber, este estudo é o primeiro diagnóstico de infecção natural e detecção molecular de C. felis em um P. concolor do estado de Goiás. Este animal apresentou anemia arregenerativa e inclusão de piroplasmídeos nos glóbulos vermelhos. A amplificação do fragmento de 551 pb da sequência parcial do gene Piroplasmorida 18S rRNA foi 100% idêntica a sequências correspondentes de C. felis disponíveis no GenBank. Nenhum tratamento específico para citauxzoonose foi administrado e, após a reabilitação, o animal foi reintroduzido na natureza. Essa descoberta fornece algumas evidências de que P. concolor pode atuar como um hospedeiro natural do parasito. A epidemiologia, vetor e patogenicidade deste hemoparasito em gatos selvagens e domésticos no Brasil merecem uma investigação mais aprofundada.

Seroprevalence and hematological abnormalities associated with Ehrlichia canis in dogs referred to a veterinary teaching hospital in central-western Brazil / Soroprevalência e alterações hematológicas associadas com Ehrlichia canis em cães encaminhados a um hospital veterinário-escola no centro-oeste do Brasil

Ticks are significant parasites of dogs in the tropics, where tick-borne pathogens are highly prevalent, especially in areas where tick control measures are frequently neglected. This study investigated the seroprevalence and hematological abnormalities associated with Ehrlichia canis in dogs referred to a veterinary teaching hospital in Central-western Brazil. Out of 264 dogs tested for anti-Ehrlichia canis antibodies by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), 59.1% (156/264) were positive. Seropositivity was significantly associated to anemia and thrombocytopenia, alone or in combination, and to leukopenia. Conversely, there were no differences in terms of seroprevalence according to sex, breed and age. This study demonstrated that dogs referred to a veterinary teaching hospital in Central-western Brazil are highly exposed to E. canis and that seropositive dogs are more likely to present hematological abnormalities, particularly anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. To our knowledge, this is the first study on detection of anti-E. canis antibodies by means of IFA among dogs in the state of Goiás. These findings highlighted the need for increasing awareness among dog owners regarding tick control measures in Central-western Brazil, ultimately to reduce the risk of exposure to E. canis and other tick-borne pathogens.

Carrapatos são importantes parasitos de cães nos trópicos, onde patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos são altamente prevalentes, especialmente em áreas onde as medidas de controle de carrapatos são frequentemente negligenciadas. O estudo investigou a soroprevalência e as anormalidades hematológicas associadas à Ehrlichia canis em cães encaminhados para um hospital veterinário-escola no Centro-oeste do Brasil. Dos 264 cães testados para anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia canis por meio da reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), 59.1% (156/264) foram positivos. A soropositividade foi associada significativamente à anemia e trombocitopenia, isoladamente ou em combinação, e à leucopenia. Por outro lado, não houve diferenças quanto à soroprevalência segundo sexo, raça e idade. Este estudo demonstrou que cães encaminhados a um hospital veterinário-escola na região Centro-oeste do Brasil são altamente expostos à E. canis, e que cães soropositivos têm maior probabilidade de apresentar alterações hematológicas, principalmente anemia, trombocitopenia e leucopenia. Para o nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro estudo sobre a detecção de anticorpos anti-E. canis por meio da RIFI em cães do estado de Goiás. Essas descobertas destacam a necessidade de aumentar a conscientização entre os proprietários de cães em relação às medidas de controle do carrapato no Centro-oeste do Brasil, em última análise, para reduzir o risco de exposição ao E. canis e outros patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos.

Serosurvey on rickettsiae of the spotted fever group and Rickettsia bellii among dogs in the state of Goiás, Brazil / Inquérito sorológico sobre riquétsias do grupo da febre maculosa e Rickettsia bellii entre cães no estado de Goiás, Brasil

The purpose of this study was to do a serological survey on three rickettsial species: Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia parkeri, two species of the spotted fever group (SFG) that are considered to be great importance for public health; and Rickettsia bellii, a species of unknown pathogenicity that infects a variety of human-biting ticks. Serum samples from 273 dogs were tested using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). A total of 52 samples (19.04%) were seropositive for at least one of the three Rickettsia spp. antigens. Thirty-eight (73.07%), twelve (23.07%) and one (1.92%) of these dogs showed homologous reactions to R. bellii, R. rickettsii and R. parkeri, respectively. Our results showed that the seroprevalence of Rickettsia spp. was relatively low. However, the positive serological tests indicated that these dogs had become infected by these agents at some point in their lives. Lastly, our study adds to the previous knowledge on the epidemiology of rickettsiosis in the state of Goiás by doing the first record of detection of anti-R. rickettsii, R. parkeri and R. bellii antibodies by IFA among dogs, thus indicating that these agents may be circulating in the dog population analyzed.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento sorológico para três espécies de rickettsias: Rickettsia rickettsii e Rickettsia parkeri, duas espécies do grupo da febre maculosa (GFM) consideradas de grande importância para a saúde pública; e Rickettsia bellii, uma espécie de patogenicidade desconhecida que infecta uma variedade de carrapatos que parasitam seres humanos. Amostras de soro de 273 cães foram testadas, usando-se a técnica de reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI). O total de 52 amostras (19,04%) foram soropositivas para pelo menos um dos três antígenos de Rickettsia spp. Trinta e oito (73,07%), doze (23,07%) e um (1,92%) desses cães apresentaram reações homólogas à R. bellii, R. rickettsii e R. parkeri, respectivamente. Esses resultados demonstraram uma baixa soroprevalência para Rickettsia spp. No entanto, as amostras positivas indicam que esses cães foram infectados por esses agentes em algum momento de suas vidas. Por fim, este estudo contribui para o conhecimento sobre a epidemiologia das rickettsioses no estado de Goiás, realizando a primeira detecção de anticorpos anti-Rickettsia rickettsii, R. parkeri e R. bellii pela RIFI em cães, indicando que esses agentes podem estar circulando na população canina analisada.(AU)

Hematology and serum biochemistry of broilers at the initial and growth stages submitted to different levels of digestible sulfur amino acids / Hematologia e bioquímica sérica de frangos de corte submetidos a diferentes níveis de aminoácidos sulfurados digestíveis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of digestible methionine and cystine (Met + Cys) levels on the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens during the initial and growth stages. For this, 1,800 male chicks of the Coob 500 strain were used, with 900 chicks in the initial phase (1 to 21 days old) and 900 chicks in the growth phase (22 to 42 days old), distributed in a completely randomized design of five treatments with six replicates of 30 birds. The treatments consisted of 0.545, 0.616, 0.711, 0.782, and 0.853%; and 0.514, 0.571, 0.647, 0.704, and 0.761% digestible Met + Cys for “1 to 21” and “22 to 42” days of breeding, respectively. Results showed that digestible Met + Cys levels in broiler feed altered some hematological parameters (erythrocyte, hematocrit hemoglobin, total leukocytes, heterophile: lymphocyte) and serum biochemistry (uric acid, PST, total LDL, and TG). The digestible Met + Cys levels in the diet of broilers affected the hematological parameters and serum biochemistry, especially at higher levels. From the inclusion level 0.761 of Met + Cist in the broiler diet, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit changes begin to appear.(AU)

Teve-se como objetivos neste estudo avaliar o efeito dos níveis de metionina + cistina (Met+Cis) digestível na dieta sobre os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos séricos de frangos de corte na fase inicial e de crescimento. Para isso, utilizou-se 1.800 pintos, machos, da linhagem Coob 500, sendo 900 pintos para a fase inicial (1 a 21 dias de idade) e mais 900 pintos para a fase de crescimento (22 a 42 dias de idade), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado composto de cinco tratamentos, com seis repetições de 30 aves. Os tratamentos consistiram em 0,545; 0,616; 0,711; 0,782 e 0,853% e 0,514; 0,571; 0,647; 0,704 e 0,761% de Met+Cis digestíveis para a fase inicial e de crescimento, respectivamente. Os resultados demonstraram que níveis de Met+Cis digestível na alimentação de frango de corte, acarretam alterações em parâmetros hematológicos como: hemácia, hematócrito, hemoglobina, leucócitos totais, relação heterófilo: linfócito; e bioquímico sérico como: ácido úrico, albumina, colesterol total, proteínas séricas totais (PST), lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) e triglicerídeos (TG). Os níveis digestíveis de Met + Cys na dieta de frangos de corte afetam os parâmetros hematológicos e a bioquímica sérica, principalmente em níveis mais elevados. A partir do nível de inclusão 0.761 de Met + Cist na dieta de frangos de corte, começam a aparecer alterações nos glóbulos vermelhos, hemoglobina e hematócrito.(AU)

Cytological aspects of equine oral fibrosarcoma

Background: Although mesenchymal neoplasms are prominent in horses due to the occurrence of sarcoids, other neoplasmsmay occur. Fibrosarcoma in horses is uncommon, notwithstanding, few studies have performed diagnostic techniques. Itis presumed, therefore, that other diagnostic methodologies should be explored. In this sense, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) emerges as an effective, low-cost, and minimally invasive method to identify tumors in these animals. Theobjective of this study was to describe the use of FNAC in the diagnosis of oral fibrosarcoma in horses. Once fibrosarcomais an aggressive tumor, it is important to validate effective techniques for an early diagnosis.Case: A 10-year-old male Quarter Horse was treated, with a clinical complaint of increased volume in the right maxillaryregion. This tumor occupied about » of the hard palate area. Hyporexia, hypodipsia, mild dehydration, and weight losswere observed at clinical examination. Complementary examinations were requested, and an extensive radiolucent masswith an indication of bone involvement was observed on the radiograph. The hemogram revealed normocytic normochromicanemia, in addition to lymphopenia. In the serum biochemistry test, AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and creatinine wereslightly increased. FNAC showed a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm, possibly fibrosarcoma. Due to its clinical worsening and lack of response to supportive treatment, humanitarian euthanasia was performed. Finally, a histopathologicalexamination confirmed the oral fibrosarcoma suggested by FNAC.Discussion: The early diagnosis of neoplasms is important for its correct treatment, as well as the prognosis. In this way,the combined use of complementary tests helps in the resolution of the case. FNAC is still little used in the examinationroutine in horses. In the present report, this test demonstrated efficacy since it revealed mesenchymal cells compatible withfibroblasts...(AU)

Cytological aspects of equine oral fibrosarcoma

Background: Although mesenchymal neoplasms are prominent in horses due to the occurrence of sarcoids, other neoplasmsmay occur. Fibrosarcoma in horses is uncommon, notwithstanding, few studies have performed diagnostic techniques. Itis presumed, therefore, that other diagnostic methodologies should be explored. In this sense, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) emerges as an effective, low-cost, and minimally invasive method to identify tumors in these animals. Theobjective of this study was to describe the use of FNAC in the diagnosis of oral fibrosarcoma in horses. Once fibrosarcomais an aggressive tumor, it is important to validate effective techniques for an early diagnosis.Case: A 10-year-old male Quarter Horse was treated, with a clinical complaint of increased volume in the right maxillaryregion. This tumor occupied about » of the hard palate area. Hyporexia, hypodipsia, mild dehydration, and weight losswere observed at clinical examination. Complementary examinations were requested, and an extensive radiolucent masswith an indication of bone involvement was observed on the radiograph. The hemogram revealed normocytic normochromicanemia, in addition to lymphopenia. In the serum biochemistry test, AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and creatinine wereslightly increased. FNAC showed a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm, possibly fibrosarcoma. Due to its clinical worsening and lack of response to supportive treatment, humanitarian euthanasia was performed. Finally, a histopathologicalexamination confirmed the oral fibrosarcoma suggested by FNAC.Discussion: The early diagnosis of neoplasms is important for its correct treatment, as well as the prognosis. In this way,the combined use of complementary tests helps in the resolution of the case. FNAC is still little used in the examinationroutine in horses. In the present report, this test demonstrated efficacy since it revealed mesenchymal cells compatible withfibroblasts...

Canine diffuse lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma

Background: Due to their abundant vascular supply, the lungs are a usual metastatic site, with primary lung cancer presenting a low prevalence in dogs and cats. Among the primary pulmonary tumors afflicting dogs, lepidic carcinoma is the mostcommon and can be classified by site of onset. Lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma is characterized by the proliferationof neoplastic cells along the pulmonary alveoli and pre-existing alveolar structures. Few reports of this specific tumor werefound in the literature, so the objective of this study is to describe the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemicalfindings of a dog with predominantly diffuse lepidic adenocarcinoma.Case: A 14-year-old, female, spayed, mixed-breed canine with a history of progressive weight loss, cough, respiratorydistress, and pain while eating was brought in for a consultation. A presumptive diagnosis of pneumonia was suggested.However, in spite of treatment, the dog died, and a necropsy was performed. Upon gross examination, the lungs were diffuselyenlarged, whitish, and stiffened with large and highly vascular nodules. Histopathological findings showed proliferation ofneoplastic cells along the vascular walls and within the bronchioalveolar structures, with moderate fibrovascular stroma.The growth patterns resembled the pre-existing alveolar structures, with papillary protrusions into the alveolar lumen.After immunohistochemical evaluation, the definitive diagnosis was diffuse lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma. Thistumor is uncommon and difficult to diagnose in the clinical veterinary routine, so it should be considered in the differentialdiagnosis of respiratory conditions in canines, especially in elderly animals with chronic clinical signs not responsive toantibiotic therapy. Complementary diagnostic examinations such as imaging, laboratory tests, and biopsy are indispensableto the early diagnosis of this lung neoplasm...

Canine diffuse lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma

Background: Due to their abundant vascular supply, the lungs are a usual metastatic site, with primary lung cancer presenting a low prevalence in dogs and cats. Among the primary pulmonary tumors afflicting dogs, lepidic carcinoma is the mostcommon and can be classified by site of onset. Lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma is characterized by the proliferationof neoplastic cells along the pulmonary alveoli and pre-existing alveolar structures. Few reports of this specific tumor werefound in the literature, so the objective of this study is to describe the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemicalfindings of a dog with predominantly diffuse lepidic adenocarcinoma.Case: A 14-year-old, female, spayed, mixed-breed canine with a history of progressive weight loss, cough, respiratorydistress, and pain while eating was brought in for a consultation. A presumptive diagnosis of pneumonia was suggested.However, in spite of treatment, the dog died, and a necropsy was performed. Upon gross examination, the lungs were diffuselyenlarged, whitish, and stiffened with large and highly vascular nodules. Histopathological findings showed proliferation ofneoplastic cells along the vascular walls and within the bronchioalveolar structures, with moderate fibrovascular stroma.The growth patterns resembled the pre-existing alveolar structures, with papillary protrusions into the alveolar lumen.After immunohistochemical evaluation, the definitive diagnosis was diffuse lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma. Thistumor is uncommon and difficult to diagnose in the clinical veterinary routine, so it should be considered in the differentialdiagnosis of respiratory conditions in canines, especially in elderly animals with chronic clinical signs not responsive toantibiotic therapy. Complementary diagnostic examinations such as imaging, laboratory tests, and biopsy are indispensableto the early diagnosis of this lung neoplasm...(AU)

Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) of the Brazilian cerrado: hematology and storage effect / Tamanduás-bandeiras (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) do cerrado brasileiro: hematologia e efeito de estocagem

Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a vulnerable species because of progressive habitat destruction, mostly affected by wildfires and car accidents. The increasing number of animals that are attended by wildlife rescue centres reinforces the need of knowledge about haematological parameters, especially for those that inhabit Brazilian cerrado biome. For this purpose and in order to establish reference values for this species and also to compare them with previous studies, haematological analysis of captive giant anteaters from Brazilian cerrado were performed. Moreover, the alterations of blood samples after 24 and 48 hours of storage at refrigeration temperatures (4oC) and preserved with two different EDTA concentrations (5% and 10%) were studied. Means and standard deviations of haematological parameters analysed immediately after collection were: RBC: 2,07 x106/µL ± 0,40; hematocrit: 38,08%± 5,93; haemoglobin: 11.33g/dL±2.15; MCV:186.52 fL±21.72; MCHC: 29.68g/dL±2.56; MCH: 55.08pcg±5,94; total leucocytes: 8.142/µL±2.441; neutrophils: 5.913/µL±2.168; lymphocytes: 1.460/µL±740; eosinophil: 522/µL±385; monocytes: 247/µL±176; thrombocytes: 123.458/µL±31.362 and total plasma protein: 6.23g/dL±0.49. This data shows evidence of the existence of important differences between these values and others from other areas, either from Brazil or from other South American countries. Those variations might be connected to environment, genetic, nutritional and/or management factors. Regarding the storage effect analysis, it can be concluded that in giant anteaters, haematological analysis can be performed until 24h after collection without any significant alterations on the haematological parameters, except for thrombocytes. Concerning the different EDTA concentrations, it can be concluded that there are no quantitative differences in haematological variables. Nevertheless, relevant morphologic alterations in blood cells can be observed after a 24h storage period, being most noticeable in the leucocytes. Those alterations can lead to misinterpretation of the results, interfering diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.(AU)

O tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) é uma espécie vulnerável devido à destruição progressiva do seu habitat natural, sendo afetado por queimadas e atropelamentos. O aumento na casuística de atendimentos de animais silvestres reforça a necessidade de se ter conhecimento dos parâmetros hematológicos, em especial para os que vivem no bioma do cerrado. Por isso, este trabalho teve por objetivos realizar o hemograma de tamanduás-bandeiras de cativeiro localizados no cerrado brasileiro, a fim de estabelecer valores de referência para essa espécie e compará-los a estudos prévios. Além disso, verificar quais alterações podem ser encontradas em amostras armazenadas por 24 e 48 horas após a colheita, em temperatura de refrigeração (4oC) e tratadas com duas concentrações distintas de EDTA (5% e 10%). A média e o desvio padrão das variáveis hematológicas encontradas nas amostras processadas logo após a colheita foram: hemácias (2,07x106/µL±0,40); volume globular (38,08%± 5,93); hemoglobina (11,33g/dL±2,15); VCM (186,52 fL±21,72); CHCM (29,68g/dL±2,56); HCM (55,08pcg±5,94); leucócitos totais (8.142/µL±2.441); neutrófilos (5.913/µL±2.168); linfócitos (1.460/µL±740); eosinófilos (522/µL±385); monócitos (247/µL±176); plaquetas (123.458/µL±31.362) e proteínas plasmáticas totais (6,23g/dL±0,49). Tais dados permitem afirmar que existem importantes diferenças entre os valores hematológicos destes em relação aos animais provenientes de outras regiões, tanto do Brasil quanto de outros países da América do Sul. Provavelmente, tais divergências estão associadas a fatores ambientais, genéticos, nutricionais e/ou de manejo. Quanto à análise das amostras estocadas, conclui-se que, em tamanduás-bandeiras, as amostras para a realização de hemograma podem ser processadas até 24 horas após a colheita, sem alteração significativa das variáveis hematológicas, com exceção das plaquetas. Com relação às duas concentrações de EDTA, pode-se inferir que não há diferença quantitativa entre ambas para as variáveis hematológicas. Contudo, é possível constatar que o EDTA promove alterações morfológicas relevantes nas células sanguíneas após 24 horas de armazenamento, sendo os leucócitos os mais afetados. Tais alterações, quando relatadas, podem induzir interpretações equivocadas, interferindo no diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento.(AU)

Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) of the Brazilian cerrado: hematology and storage effect / Tamanduás-bandeiras (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) do cerrado brasileiro: hematologia e efeito de estocagem

Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a vulnerable species because of progressive habitat destruction, mostly affected by wildfires and car accidents. The increasing number of animals that are attended by wildlife rescue centres reinforces the need of knowledge about haematological parameters, especially for those that inhabit Brazilian cerrado biome. For this purpose and in order to establish reference values for this species and also to compare them with previous studies, haematological analysis of captive giant anteaters from Brazilian cerrado were performed. Moreover, the alterations of blood samples after 24 and 48 hours of storage at refrigeration temperatures (4oC) and preserved with two different EDTA concentrations (5% and 10%) were studied. Means and standard deviations of haematological parameters analysed immediately after collection were: RBC: 2,07 x106/µL ± 0,40; hematocrit: 38,08%± 5,93; haemoglobin: 11.33g/dL±2.15; MCV:186.52 fL±21.72; MCHC: 29.68g/dL±2.56; MCH: 55.08pcg±5,94; total leucocytes: 8.142/µL±2.441; neutrophils: 5.913/µL±2.168; lymphocytes: 1.460/µL±740; eosinophil: 522/µL±385; monocytes: 247/µL±176; thrombocytes: 123.458/µL±31.362 and total plasma protein: 6.23g/dL±0.49. This data shows evidence of the existence of important differences between these values and others from other areas, either from Brazil or from other South American countries. Those variations might be connected to environment, genetic, nutritional and/or management factors. Regarding the storage effect analysis, it can be concluded that in giant anteaters, haematological analysis can be performed until 24h after collection without any significant alterations on the haematological parameters, except for thrombocytes. Concerning the different EDTA concentrations, it can be concluded that there are no quantitative differences in haematological variables. Nevertheless, relevant morphologic alterations in blood cells can be observed after a 24h storage period, being most noticeable in the leucocytes. Those alterations can lead to misinterpretation of the results, interfering diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.(AU)

O tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) é uma espécie vulnerável devido à destruição progressiva do seu habitat natural, sendo afetado por queimadas e atropelamentos. O aumento na casuística de atendimentos de animais silvestres reforça a necessidade de se ter conhecimento dos parâmetros hematológicos, em especial para os que vivem no bioma do cerrado. Por isso, este trabalho teve por objetivos realizar o hemograma de tamanduás-bandeiras de cativeiro localizados no cerrado brasileiro, a fim de estabelecer valores de referência para essa espécie e compará-los a estudos prévios. Além disso, verificar quais alterações podem ser encontradas em amostras armazenadas por 24 e 48 horas após a colheita, em temperatura de refrigeração (4oC) e tratadas com duas concentrações distintas de EDTA (5% e 10%). A média e o desvio padrão das variáveis hematológicas encontradas nas amostras processadas logo após a colheita foram: hemácias (2,07x106/µL±0,40); volume globular (38,08%± 5,93); hemoglobina (11,33g/dL±2,15); VCM (186,52 fL±21,72); CHCM (29,68g/dL±2,56); HCM (55,08pcg±5,94); leucócitos totais (8.142/µL±2.441); neutrófilos (5.913/µL±2.168); linfócitos (1.460/µL±740); eosinófilos (522/µL±385); monócitos (247/µL±176); plaquetas (123.458/µL±31.362) e proteínas plasmáticas totais (6,23g/dL±0,49). Tais dados permitem afirmar que existem importantes diferenças entre os valores hematológicos destes em relação aos animais provenientes de outras regiões, tanto do Brasil quanto de outros países da América do Sul. Provavelmente, tais divergências estão associadas a fatores ambientais, genéticos, nutricionais e/ou de manejo. Quanto à análise das amostras estocadas, conclui-se que, em tamanduás-bandeiras, as amostras para a realização de hemograma podem ser processadas até 24 horas após a colheita, sem alteração significativa das variáveis hematológicas, com exceção das plaquetas. Com relação às duas concentrações de EDTA, pode-se inferir que não há diferença quantitativa entre ambas para as variáveis hematológicas. Contudo, é possível constatar que o EDTA promove alterações morfológicas relevantes nas células sanguíneas após 24 horas de armazenamento, sendo os leucócitos os mais afetados. Tais alterações, quando relatadas, podem induzir interpretações equivocadas, interferindo no diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento.(AU)

Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) of the brazilian cerrado: hematology and storage effect

ABSTRACT: Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a vulnerable species because of progressive habitat destruction, mostly affected by wildfires and car accidents. The increasing number of animals that are attended by wildlife rescue centres reinforces the need of knowledge about haematological parameters, especially for those that inhabit Brazilian cerrado biome. For this purpose and in order to establish reference values for this species and also to compare them with previous studies, haematological analysis of captive giant anteaters from Brazilian cerrado were performed. Moreover, the alterations of blood samples after 24 and 48 hours of storage at refrigeration temperatures (4oC) and preserved with two different EDTA concentrations (5% and 10%) were studied. Means and standard deviations of haematological parameters analysed immediately after collection were: RBC: 2,07 x106/L ± 0,40; hematocrit: 38,08%± 5,93; haemoglobin: 11.33g/dL±2.15; MCV:186.52 fL±21.72; MCHC: 29.68g/dL±2.56; MCH: 55.08pcg±5,94; total leucocytes: 8.142/L±2.441; neutrophils: 5.913/L±2.168; lymphocytes: 1.460/L±740; eosinophil: 522/L±385; monocytes: 247/L±176; thrombocytes: 123.458/L±31.362 and total plasma protein: 6.23g/dL±0.49. This data shows evidence of the existence of important differences between these values and others from other areas, either from Brazil or from other South American countries. Those variations might be connected to environment, genetic, nutritional and/or management factors. Regarding the storage effect analysis, it can be concluded that in giant anteaters, haematological analysis can be performed until 24h after collection without any significant alterations on the haematological parameters, except for thrombocytes. Concerning the different EDTA concentrations, it can be concluded that there are no quantitative differences in haematological variables. Nevertheless, relevant morphologic alterations in blood cells can be observed after a 24h storage period, being most noticeable in the leucocytes. Those alterations can lead to misinterpretation of the results, interfering diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.

RESUMO: O tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) é uma espécie vulnerável devido à destruição progressiva do seu habitat natural, sendo afetado por queimadas e atropelamentos. O aumento na casuística de atendimentos de animais silvestres reforça a necessidade de se ter conhecimento dos parâmetros hematológicos, em especial para os que vivem no bioma do cerrado. Por isso, este trabalho teve por objetivos realizar o hemograma de tamanduás-bandeiras de cativeiro localizados no cerrado brasileiro, a fim de estabelecer valores de referência para essa espécie e compará-los a estudos prévios. Além disso, verificar quais alterações podem ser encontradas em amostras armazenadas por 24 e 48 horas após a colheita, em temperatura de refrigeração (4oC) e tratadas com duas concentrações distintas de EDTA (5% e 10%). A média e o desvio padrão das variáveis hematológicas encontradas nas amostras processadas logo após a colheita foram: hemácias (2,07x106/L±0,40); volume globular (38,08%± 5,93); hemoglobina (11,33g/dL±2,15); VCM (186,52 fL±21,72); CHCM (29,68g/dL±2,56); HCM (55,08pcg±5,94); leucócitos totais (8.142/L±2.441); neutrófilos (5.913/L±2.168); linfócitos (1.460/L±740); eosinófilos (522/L±385); monócitos (247/L±176); plaquetas (123.458/L±31.362) e proteínas plasmáticas totais (6,23g/dL±0,49). Tais dados permitem afirmar que existem importantes diferenças entre os valores hematológicos destes em relação aos animais provenientes de outras regiões, tanto do Brasil quanto de outros países da América do Sul. Provavelmente, tais divergências estão associadas a fatores ambientais, genéticos, nutricionais e/ou de manejo. Quanto à análise das amostras estocadas, conclui-se que, em tamanduás-bandeiras, as amostras para a realização de hemograma podem ser processadas até 24 horas após a colheita, sem alteração significativa das variáveis hematológicas, com exceção das plaquetas. Com relação às duas concentrações de EDTA, pode-se inferir que não há diferença quantitativa entre ambas para as variáveis hematológicas. Contudo, é possível constatar que o EDTA promove alterações morfológicas relevantes nas células sanguíneas após 24 horas de armazenamento, sendo os leucócitos os mais afetados. Tais alterações, quando relatadas, podem induzir interpretações equivocadas, interferindo no diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento.

Canine rangeliosis: a rare case of hyperparasitemia in the acute phase

Background: R. vitalii causes a remerging tick-borne disease known as rangeliosis. The parasite is not always identifiable in blood smears, especially in the chronic phase of the disease. Low parasitemia levels have been observed in cases of rangeliosis caused by natural infection, even in acute situations, while hyperparasitemia has been reported only in acute experimental infection. This paper describes an unusual case of acute natural R. vitalii infection with hyperparasitemia. Case: The dog (a 12-year-old male German Shepherd) had presented apathy, dyschezia and hyporexia for three days prior to seeing the veterinarian, whose examination revealed discrete pale mucous membranes, soft bloody stools, hyperthermia, splenomegaly and lethargy. Numerous intra-erythrocytic forms, as well as free-living parasites compatible with R. vitalii and/or Babesia sp, were also found in the CBC (complete blood count), and the parasite load was estimated at 12 parasites/ field x1000. After diagnosing hemoparasitosis from the blood smear, therapy was started immediately. After 18 days of treatment, the animal returned to the veterinary hospital showing visibly improved health. The dogs mucous membranes showed normal coloration. A new CBC showed no intra-erythrocytic parasite in the blood smear. Some of the blood drawn during the animals first examination was sent for DNA extraction. Two [...]

Canine rangeliosis: a rare case of hyperparasitemia in the acute phase

Background: R. vitalii causes a remerging tick-borne disease known as rangeliosis. The parasite is not always identifiable in blood smears, especially in the chronic phase of the disease. Low parasitemia levels have been observed in cases of rangeliosis caused by natural infection, even in acute situations, while hyperparasitemia has been reported only in acute experimental infection. This paper describes an unusual case of acute natural R. vitalii infection with hyperparasitemia. Case: The dog (a 12-year-old male German Shepherd) had presented apathy, dyschezia and hyporexia for three days prior to seeing the veterinarian, whose examination revealed discrete pale mucous membranes, soft bloody stools, hyperthermia, splenomegaly and lethargy. Numerous intra-erythrocytic forms, as well as free-living parasites compatible with R. vitalii and/or Babesia sp, were also found in the CBC (complete blood count), and the parasite load was estimated at 12 parasites/ field x1000. After diagnosing hemoparasitosis from the blood smear, therapy was started immediately. After 18 days of treatment, the animal returned to the veterinary hospital showing visibly improved health. The dogs mucous membranes showed normal coloration. A new CBC showed no intra-erythrocytic parasite in the blood smear. Some of the blood drawn during the animals first examination was sent for DNA extraction. Two [...](AU)

Hepatite infecciosa canina em um cão geriátrico naturalmente infectado / Infectious canine hepatitis in an aged dog naturally infected

Background: Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) is a systemic viral disease of dogs. It affects mainly unvaccinated dogs under the age of six months. Although clinical signs of ICH are not specific, the necropsy findings are sufficient to allow a presumptive diagnosis associated with epidemiology and clinical signs. Clinician should suspect the disease when two years-old dogs or younger present acute death with abdominal pain, neurological disorders and signs of bleeding. The objective of this study is to report an unusual case of ICH, describing the clinical and pathological findings in a geriatric dog with the disease. Case: A female Basset Hound dog, 9 year-old, was presented with intense vomiting and diarrhea in the last day. The animal was not vaccinated there was two years. The blood count revealed moderate leukocytosis by neutrophils and deviation to the left and to the right, and monocytosis, besides lymphopenia and eosinopenia. It was also possible to observe hyperproteinemia and plasma intensely jaundiced. The biochemical examination showed alterations in liver and kidney parameters. After three days of hospitalization, the patient was euthanized and submitted for necropsy. Macroscopic findings consisted of increased dark red liver, and fibrin strands in the capsular surface. There was a bloody fluid in the small intestine and stomach. Serous small intestine showed...(AU)

Hepatite infecciosa canina em um cão geriátrico naturalmente infectado / Infectious canine hepatitis in an aged dog naturally infected

Background: Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) is a systemic viral disease of dogs. It affects mainly unvaccinated dogs under the age of six months. Although clinical signs of ICH are not specific, the necropsy findings are sufficient to allow a presumptive diagnosis associated with epidemiology and clinical signs. Clinician should suspect the disease when two years-old dogs or younger present acute death with abdominal pain, neurological disorders and signs of bleeding. The objective of this study is to report an unusual case of ICH, describing the clinical and pathological findings in a geriatric dog with the disease. Case: A female Basset Hound dog, 9 year-old, was presented with intense vomiting and diarrhea in the last day. The animal was not vaccinated there was two years. The blood count revealed moderate leukocytosis by neutrophils and deviation to the left and to the right, and monocytosis, besides lymphopenia and eosinopenia. It was also possible to observe hyperproteinemia and plasma intensely jaundiced. The biochemical examination showed alterations in liver and kidney parameters. After three days of hospitalization, the patient was euthanized and submitted for necropsy. Macroscopic findings consisted of increased dark red liver, and fibrin strands in the capsular surface. There was a bloody fluid in the small intestine and stomach. Serous small intestine showed...

Infestación por Ornithonyssus spp. en un criadero de periquitos australianos / Infestation by Ornithonyssus spp. in a australian budgerigars breeding place / Infestação por Ornithonyssus spp. em um criatório de periquitos australianos

Popularmente conocido como ácaro de las plumas, el Ornithonyssus spp. es un ácaro hematófago, que representa una de las principales plagas en avicultura. En este trabajo se relata la infestación parasitaria causada por Ornithonyssus spp. en un criadero de periquitos australianos, en que fallecieron el 50 % de los animales.(AU)

Popularly known as the feather mite, Ornithonyssus spp. is an haematophagous mite, being one of the major ectoparasite in the poultry industry. The aim of this study is to report the occurrence of a parasitic infestation by Ornithonyssus spp. in an Australian budgerigar breeding, where 50% of the animals came to death.(AU)

Conhecido popularmente como ácaro da pena, o Ornithonyssus spp. é um ácaro hematófago, sendo um dos principais ectoparasitos em avicultura. Este trabalho tem por objetivo reportar a ocorrência de infestação por Ornithonyssus spp. em um criatório de periquitos australianos, em que 50% dos animais vieram a óbito.(AU)

Pectus carinatum in a dog / Pectus carinatum em um cão

Background: The deformities of the anterior chest wall are universally designated as pectus deformities. Two types of deformities are known, pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum. Pectus excavatum is a dorsal ventral narrowing of the chest, also known as funnel chest, while pectus carinatum is a ventral protrusion of the sternum, also known as pigeon breast. Both are diseases seen in children and adolescents, however, they are considered rare in small animals, especially pectus carinatum. Thus, the aim of this study is to report a case of pectus carinatum in a Shih-tzu puppy dog. Case: A male canine Shih-tzu, 2 months-old, was present at the veterinary hospital. The owner reported that in the first days of life, the animal felt difficulty breathing when she took him in her lap, and still noticed abnormal increase of the thoracic region. The patient was from a litter of eight pups, without consanguinity, and the parents showed no congenital abnormality. During the interview, it was reported that the patient was eating and drinking water normally, and presented an active temperament. Moreover, he had one dose of vaccine and a dose of anthelminthic. On clinical examination, all physiological parameters were normal. However, during palpation, it was observed swelling in the ventral thoracic region. For that, we suspected pectus carinatum. Chest radiograph was ...(AU)

Pectus carinatum in a dog / Pectus carinatum em um cão

Background: The deformities of the anterior chest wall are universally designated as pectus deformities. Two types of deformities are known, pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum. Pectus excavatum is a dorsal ventral narrowing of the chest, also known as funnel chest, while pectus carinatum is a ventral protrusion of the sternum, also known as pigeon breast. Both are diseases seen in children and adolescents, however, they are considered rare in small animals, especially pectus carinatum. Thus, the aim of this study is to report a case of pectus carinatum in a Shih-tzu puppy dog. Case: A male canine Shih-tzu, 2 months-old, was present at the veterinary hospital. The owner reported that in the first days of life, the animal felt difficulty breathing when she took him in her lap, and still noticed abnormal increase of the thoracic region. The patient was from a litter of eight pups, without consanguinity, and the parents showed no congenital abnormality. During the interview, it was reported that the patient was eating and drinking water normally, and presented an active temperament. Moreover, he had one dose of vaccine and a dose of anthelminthic. On clinical examination, all physiological parameters were normal. However, during palpation, it was observed swelling in the ventral thoracic region. For that, we suspected pectus carinatum. Chest radiograph was ...

Criptococose cutânea associada à severa infestação por Sarcoptes sp. e Demodex sp. em um cão / Cutaneous cryptococcosis associated with severe infestation by Sarcoptes sp. and Demodex sp. in a dog

Este trabalho descreve um caso de criptococose canina localizada na pele da região interdigital de um cão. Um cão de rua, sem raça definida, adulto jovem apresentava lesões pruriginosas, alopécicas e crostosas em toda extensão corpórea, e uma lesão ulcerada interdigital no membro pélvico esquerdo. A citologia aspirativa por agulha fina (CAAF) da lesão interdigital demonstrou um processo inflamatório acrescido de organismos leveduriformes compatíveis com Cryptococcus sp. Efetuou-se, a seguir, a cultura fúngica, que ratificou o resultado da CAAF. O paciente também apresentou diagnóstico positivo para Sarcoptes sp. e Demodex sp. Cryptococcus sp. é o agente etiológico da criptococose, uma doença infecciosa oportunista que acomete o homem, animais domésticos e silvestres. A provável imunidade baixa do cão, neste estudo, pode ter sido um fator desencadeante para o desenvolvimento da doença. A criptococose em caninos, apresentada na forma cutânea, é incomum, o que justifica a relevância deste relato.

The aim of this study was to report a case of cutaneous cryptococcosis located in the interdigital skin of a dog. A young adult mongrel dog presented pruritic alopecic crusty lesions throughout corporeal extension and an ulcerated lesion in the interdigital region of the left pelvic limb. A fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the interdigital lesion showed an inflammatory process plus yeast organisms similar to Cryptococcus sp. A mycological culture was carried out confirming the results of FNAC. The patient also had positive diagnosis to Sarcoptes sp. and Demodex sp.. Cryptococcus sp. is the etiologic agent of cryptococcosis, an infectious opportunistic disease that affects humans, domestic and wild animals. The probable low immunity of the dog, in this study, may have been a triggering factor for the development of the disease. Canine cutaneous cryptococcosis is unusual, which explains the relevance of this report case.