Uterine segmental aplasia in sheep / Aplasia segmentar uterina em ovelhas

The complete absence of one of the uterine horns, named segmental uterine aplasia or unicorn uterus, occurs due to deficiency in the development of segments of the paramesonephric or Mullerian ducts. It is a congenital or hereditary anomaly of the female reproductive tract caused by recessive genes, which occurrence is unusual. In cows, this malformation was initially called “white heifer disease”, comprising an alteration in the Mullerian ducts in association with the white skin gene that causes aplasia of the uterus, cervix and vagina. Two pieces of sheep reproductive system from a slaughterhouse under federal inspection in the state of Bahia, Brazil, were received for pathological diagnosis. The collection, dissection and macroscopic analysis were carried out. In the macroscopic evaluation, uterine segmental aplasia was identified in both cases, with complete absence of the left uterine horns. Both had agenesis of the uterine tubes associated with the absence of internal bifurcation of the uterine horns. Animals that have a unicorn uterus often have reduced fertility which consequently leads to losses to sheep farming.

A ausência completa de um dos cornos uterinos, denominada aplasia uterina segmentar ou útero unicorno, ocorre por deficiência no desenvolvimento de segmentos dos ductos paramesonéfricos ou Mullerianos. É uma anomalia congênita ou hereditária do trato reprodutor da fêmea causada por genes recessivos, é incomum a ocorrência. Em vacas, essa malforma-ção foi denominada inicialmente como “white heifers desease” ou doenças das novilhas brancas, é uma alteração dos ductos Mullerianos em associação com o gene da pele branca que provoca aplasia de útero, colo uterino e vagina. Foi recebido duas peças de sistema reprodutor de ovelhas provenientes de abatedouro frigorífico sob inspeção federal no estado da Bahia, Brasil para diagnóstico patológico. Procedeu-se a coleta, dissecação e análise macroscópica. Na avaliação macroscópica, identificou--se nos dois casos aplasia segmentar uterina, com ausência completa dos cornos uterinos esquerdo. Ambos apresentavam age-nesia das tubas uterinas associada a ausência de bifurcação interna dos cornos uterinos. Animais que possuem um útero uni-corno frequentemente possuem redução da fertilidade e consequentemente podem causar perdas à ovinocultura brasileira.

Uterine segmental aplasia in sheep / Aplasia segmentar uterina em ovelhas

The complete absence of one of the uterine horns, named segmental uterine aplasia or unicorn uterus, occurs due to deficiency in the development of segments of the paramesonephric or Mullerian ducts. It is a congenital or hereditary anomaly of the female reproductive tract caused by recessive genes, which occurrence is unusual. In cows, this malformation was initially called “white heifer disease”, comprising an alteration in the Mullerian ducts in association with the white skin gene that causes aplasia of the uterus, cervix and vagina. Two pieces of sheep reproductive system from a slaughterhouse under federal inspection in the state of Bahia, Brazil, were received for pathological diagnosis. The collection, dissection and macroscopic analysis were carried out. In the macroscopic evaluation, uterine segmental aplasia was identified in both cases, with complete absence of the left uterine horns. Both had agenesis of the uterine tubes associated with the absence of internal bifurcation of the uterine horns. Animals that have a unicorn uterus often have reduced fertility which consequently leads to losses to sheep farming.(AU)

A ausência completa de um dos cornos uterinos, denominada aplasia uterina segmentar ou útero unicorno, ocorre por deficiência no desenvolvimento de segmentos dos ductos paramesonéfricos ou Mullerianos. É uma anomalia congênita ou hereditária do trato reprodutor da fêmea causada por genes recessivos, é incomum a ocorrência. Em vacas, essa malforma-ção foi denominada inicialmente como “white heifers desease” ou doenças das novilhas brancas, é uma alteração dos ductos Mullerianos em associação com o gene da pele branca que provoca aplasia de útero, colo uterino e vagina. Foi recebido duas peças de sistema reprodutor de ovelhas provenientes de abatedouro frigorífico sob inspeção federal no estado da Bahia, Brasil para diagnóstico patológico. Procedeu-se a coleta, dissecação e análise macroscópica. Na avaliação macroscópica, identificou--se nos dois casos aplasia segmentar uterina, com ausência completa dos cornos uterinos esquerdo. Ambos apresentavam age-nesia das tubas uterinas associada a ausência de bifurcação interna dos cornos uterinos. Animais que possuem um útero uni-corno frequentemente possuem redução da fertilidade e consequentemente podem causar perdas à ovinocultura brasileira.(AU)

Comparative analysis of the integument of different tree frog species from Ololygon and Scinax genera (Anura: Hylidae)

The integuments of ten treefrog species of two genera from Scinaxnae - O. angrensis (Lutz, 1973), O. flavoguttata (Lutz & Lutz, 1939), O. humilis (Lutz & Lutz, 1954), O. perpusilla (Lutz & Lutz, 1939), O. v-signata (Lutz, 1968), Scinax hayii (Barbour, 1909), S. similis(Cochran, 1952), O. trapicheroi (Lutz & Lutz, 1954) and S. x-signatus (Spix, 1824) - were investigated using conventional and histochemical techniques of light microscopy, and polarized light microscopy. All integuments showed the basic structure of the anuran integument. Moreover, the secretory portions of exocrine glands, such as serous merocrine and apocrine glands, were found to be restricted to the spongious dermis. Lipid content occurred together with the heterogeneous secretory material of the glands with an apocrine secretion mechanism. In addition, clusters of these apocrine glands were present in the ventrolateral integument of some species. Melanophores were also visualized in all examined hylids. However, the occurrence of iridophores, detected through polarized light microscopy, varied according to the species. The Eberth-Katschenko layer occurred in the dorsal integument from both genera, but it was only present in the ventral integument of O. albicans, O. angrensis, O. flavoguttata, O. perpusilla and O. v-signata. Although the integument of all treefrogs showed the same basic structure, some characteristics were genus-specific; however, these features alone may not be used to distinguish both genera.

Comparative analysis of the integument of different tree frog species from Ololygon and Scinax genera (Anura: Hylidae)

The integuments of ten treefrog species of two genera from Scinaxnae - O. angrensis (Lutz, 1973), O. flavoguttata (Lutz & Lutz, 1939), O. humilis (Lutz & Lutz, 1954), O. perpusilla (Lutz & Lutz, 1939), O. v-signata (Lutz, 1968), Scinax hayii (Barbour, 1909), S. similis(Cochran, 1952), O. trapicheroi (Lutz & Lutz, 1954) and S. x-signatus (Spix, 1824) - were investigated using conventional and histochemical techniques of light microscopy, and polarized light microscopy. All integuments showed the basic structure of the anuran integument. Moreover, the secretory portions of exocrine glands, such as serous merocrine and apocrine glands, were found to be restricted to the spongious dermis. Lipid content occurred together with the heterogeneous secretory material of the glands with an apocrine secretion mechanism. In addition, clusters of these apocrine glands were present in the ventrolateral integument of some species. Melanophores were also visualized in all examined hylids. However, the occurrence of iridophores, detected through polarized light microscopy, varied according to the species. The Eberth-Katschenko layer occurred in the dorsal integument from both genera, but it was only present in the ventral integument of O. albicans, O. angrensis, O. flavoguttata, O. perpusilla and O. v-signata. Although the integument of all treefrogs showed the same basic structure, some characteristics were genus-specific; however, these features alone may not be used to distinguish both genera.(AU)

Lesões do sistema reprodutor de ovelhas deslanadas provenientes de abatedouros frigoríficos do estado da Bahia

SILVA, R. M. M. Lesões do sistema reprodutor de ovelhas deslanadas em abatedouros frigoríficos no estado da Bahia. Salvador. 2020. 62p. Tese (Doutor em Ciência Animal nos Trópicos) Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2020. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliação e diagnóstico de alterações do sistema reprodutor de ovelhas abatidas em abatedouros frigoríficos no estado da Bahia. A pesquisa foi realizada em abatedouros frigoríficos do estado da Bahia com Serviços de Inspeção Federal e Estadual no abate de ovinos. No período de julho de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019 foram realizadas visitas e acompanhamento do abate de 1.072 ovelhas. Os animais eram provenientes de 22 municípios do estado da Bahia, com idade entre 6 a 18 meses. Durante o abate, na evisceração foram seccionados os sistemas reprodutores das ovelhas para avaliação e coleta das lesões. Adicionalmente foram obtidos inquéritos epidemiológicos relacionados à procedência, idade e raça. Para o exame bacteriológico, as coletas foram realizadas com lâminas de bisturi estéreis e swabs em tubos estéries com meio Stuart e refrigeradas em caixa térmica. Para análise histopatológica, os fragmentos foram fixados em formol a 10% e processados de forma rotineira para histologia e corados pela hematoxilina e eosina (HE). Entre 1.072 sistemas genitais avaliados, identificou-se 211 alterações. Os órgãos do sistema reprodutor mais acometidos foram os ovários (65,7%), útero (29,5%) e tubas uterinas (5,2%). Nos ovários, a lesão mais frequente foi o cisto folicular (34,2); no útero a endometrite (9%) e nas tubas uterinas, os cistos representaram (3,3%). Outras lesões identificadas nos ovários foram: cisto luteinizado (1,9%); tumor de células da granulosa (0,4%); adenoma (0,4%); agenesia unilateral (0,4%), além de outras alterações de pouco significado clínico, como cistos paraováricos (15,7%) e corpo lúteo cístico (12,3%). Nas tubas uterinas observou-se, além dos cistos tubo-ováricos (3,3%), hidrossalpinge (0,8%), adenoma (0,4%) e agenesia (0,4). As lesões uterinas foram endometrite (9%), hidrometra (2,3%); hiperplasia endometrial cística, abscesso e piometra, apresentaram cada 1,4%; encontrou-se adenomiose, petéquias na serosa do útero e aplasia segmentar foram identificadas em 0,8%; dois úteros gravídicos, em início de gestação, apresentaram piometra (0,8%), porém os fetos não apresentaram alterações; e pólipo uterino (0,4%). Observou-se uma gestação ectópica com maceração fetal (0,4%); a vaginite ocorreu em 0,4%, e melanose endometrial em 8,5%. Destaca-se a elevada incidência de cistos foliculares e endometrite que são doenças que reduzem a eficiência reprodutiva dos rebanhos, provocando infertilidade e perdas econômicas na produção.

SILVA, R. M. M. Injuries of the flocked sheep reproductive system in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia. Salvador. 2020. 62p. Tese (Doutor em Ciência Animal nos Trópicos) Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2020. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and diagnose pathologies of the reproductive system of sheep slaughtered in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia, since there are few data on the subject and the importance of diagnosing these diseases to apply control and prophylaxis measures. The research was carried out in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia with Federal and State Inspection Services for sheep slaughter. From July 2018 to February 2019, visits and monitoring of the slaughter of 1,072 sheep were carried out. The animals came from 22 municipalities in the state of Bahia, aged 6 to 18 months. During slaughter, the sheep reproductive systems were sectioned for evisceration and lesion collection. Additionally, epidemiological surveys related to origin, age and race were obtained. For bacteriological examination, collections were performed with sterile scalpel slides and swabs in Stuart medium sterile tubes and refrigerated in a thermal box. For histopathological analysis, fragments were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and routinely processed for histology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). A study of the main pathological changes of the sheep reproductive system in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia was carried out, 1.072 genital systems evaluated and 211 alterations identified. The organs most affected reproductive system were the ovaries (65.7%), follower buy uters (29.5%) and a fallopian tubes (5.2%). In the ovaries, the most frequent lesion was follicular cyst (34.2%); in the fallopian tubes, the cysts represented 3.3% and in the womb endometritis was observed 9%. Other pathologies identified in the ovaries were: luteinized cyst (1.9%); granulosa cellules tumour (0.4%); It is a benign lesion (0.4%); agenesis unilateral (0.4%), in addition to other changes of little clinical significance, such as cystic corpus luteum (12.3%) and paraovarian cysts (15.7%). In the fallopian tubes, hydrosalpinx was observed (0.8%), adenoma (0.4%), agenesis (0.4%), beyond the tube ovarians cysts (3.3%). Uterine lesions were hydrometra (2.3%); cystic endometrial hyperplasia, abscess and pyometra each had 1.4%; adenomyosis, womb sera petechiae and total segmental aplasia were identified each in 0.8%; two pregnant uteri, in early pregnancy, presented pyometra (0.8%), but the fetuses did not change; and uterine polyp (0.4%). An ectopic pregnancy with fetal maceration (0.4%) was observed; vaginitis occurred in 0.4%, and endometrial melanosis in 8.5%. The high incidence of follicular cysts and endometritis are diseases that reduce the reproductive efficiency of the herds, causing infertility and economic losses in production.

Obliterative vasculitis caused by ovine herpesvirus type 2 in cattle

Background: Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a frequently fatal viral infection that affects various wild and domestic ruminants and even pigs, as recently reported. It is a disease characterized by lymphoproliferation, vasculitis and erosiveulcerative lesions in mucosa and skin. In Brazil, the virus that circulates and causes the disease has been identified as OvHV-2. The aim of this study is to describe the clinicopathological changes in a cow with obliterative vasculitis caused by OvHV-2. Case: A two-year-old Gir cow with a history of intermittent diarrhea and progressive weight loss for approximately a year, which had not improved with antibiotic therapy, was euthanized and subjected to necropsy. In the necropsy, the liver was enlarged, firm, and had a marbled aspect all over the capsular and cut surfaces (light striations intercalated with dark areas). Cut surfaces also revealed thickening of the vessel walls, which exhibited a branched pattern. There was marked thickening of the small and large intestinal walls. The hepatic, mediastinal and mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged. The samples were fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin, routinely processed for histology, embedded in paraffin, cut 5-µm sections, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Additionally, sections of the liver and ileum were subjected to Masson's trichrome staining. The main microscopic alterations were found in the vessels (arteries and veins) of the liver and intestine. Periportal fibrosis and marked pericholangitis which would sometimes form bridges were observed in the liver. Transmural and perivascular fibrosis; the muscular layer was ruptured and there was proliferation of the intima, which caused obliteration of the lumen were also present. The lymph nodes' medullae exhibited intense infiltration of macrophages and plasma cells with areas of fibrosis, capillary proliferation, and atrophy of medullary cords. Neovascularization and marked inflammatory infiltrates composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and eosinophils were also present. Masson's trichrome staining revealed areas of fibroplasia. The tissue samples of the carotid rete mirabile, brain and liver were submitted for identification of OvHV-2 by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) tested was positive for ovine herpesvirus type 2. Discussion: The main histological findings (obliterative vasculitis observed in the small and large intestines, liver, and lymph nodes) plus the detection of viral DNA of OvHV-2 in fragments of the carotid rete mirabile, brain, and liver by nPCR confirmed the diagnosis of malignant catarrhal fever. Chronic cases of MCF in cattle are not often described. The disease is usually manifested in a hyperacute or acute form which culminates with death. The most frequent clinical presentation is the head and eye form, which is characterized by corneal opacity, and ocular, nasal, and oral serous discharge. Bovines with MCF usually exhibit macroscopic and microscopic changes in various organs due to the pansystemic characteristic of the virus, which causes vasculopathy and lymphadenopathy. In this report, the changes were restricted to the intestines, liver, and lymph nodes. The obliterative vasculitis seen in this case is similar to the changes described in cases of chronic. Other herpesviruses which cause lesions to the vascular wall can also cause hyperplasia of the muscular layer with progression to obliterative arteriopathy. This paper reports a presentation of MCR not previously described in Brazil. PCR was an important tool for the conclusion of this case.

Urolitíase obstrutiva em touro Nelore no Recôncavo da Bahia / Obstructive Urolithiasis in Nelore Cattle in the Recôncavo of Bahia

Background: Urolithiasis is a metabolic disease of ruminants castrated and uncastrated. The formation of uroliths causes trauma and obstruction in the tract urinary. The nutrition and management are the main predisposing factors for this disease. Many cases occur sporadically, but outbreaks can occur or become an endemic problem. This paper describes a case of obstructive urolithiasis in Nelore cattle uncastrated in Recôncavo of Bahia, Brazil. Case: An 4-year-old Nelore cattle, uncastrated male was sent to the Centro de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária da Universidade Federal da Bahia (CPD-UFBA), Bahia, Brazil. by presenting a swelling on the ventral abdomen 5 days ago. Clinical examination revealed the exposure with mucosal necrosis and hemorrhage preputial, and continuous dripping of urine. The animal was euthanized in extremis and submitted to necropsy. The animal was necropsied and samples collected from the abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, and nervous system. The samples were fixed in 10% formalin, cleaved, processed routinely for histology, embedded in paraffin, cut at five microns thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Urinary stones collected during necropsy were sent for analysis of chemical composition. The macroscopic had swelling in the ventral abdominal region. By cutting this region was the formation of cavities and filled with red liquid and odor uremic in the subcutaneous. At the opening of the sigmoid flexure of the penile urethra was found urinary calculi with 2 x 1 cm, rough and porous, light brown and rocklike consistency, occluding the urethral light. There was rupture of the urethral mucosa and necrosis of adjacent tissue, plus hemorrhage, and hydronephrosis. Kidney had multiple white areas on the natural surface. In the cut surface of the kidney was observed dilatation of renal calices, some with uroliths. In microscopy of the urethra was observed coagulation necrosis diffuse mucosa and and submucosa with hemorrhage and neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate. Kidney was observed areas of intense intersticial infiltrate inflammatory, periglomerular fibrosis and peritubular and interstitial collagen deposition. Chemical analysis of uroliths demonstrated the presence of calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate in its composition. Discussion: The diagnosis of obstructive urolithiasis was based from the clinical signs and gross lesions. Works related to obstructive urolithiasis in cattle in Brazil are uncommon. The cases are described more often in small ruminants, usually associated with feed intake unbalanced. In cattle the disease usually occurs in castrated males reared in intensive system. Ventral edema in the perineum, inguinal region, the ventral abdomen and prepuce, are clinical signs that indicate urethral rupture as observed in this case. The pathological changes observed in this case were similar to those described by other authors. In ruminants, the predominant types of uroliths are compounds of struvite, silicates, carbonates and oxalates. The formation of uroliths composed of calcium carbonate associated with the consumption of fodder with a high calcium content and low phosphorus and magnesium. The mechanism of formation of calcium oxalate uroliths is unclear. Unable to determine the factors that have led to the formation of uroliths in this case.

Oropharyngeal lesions and poisoning by closantel in sheep after antiparasitic treatment

An outbreak of oropharyngeal lesions and poisoning by closantel in sheep after improper handling and anthelmintic drug overdose is described here. Eleven sheep were affected out of 42 that were dewormed. Eight sheep died. Clinically, the animals showed abdominal recumbency, absent pupillary and palpebral reflexes, bilateral blindness, depression, apathy, emaciation, and corneal opacity. Three sheep exhibited swelling on the right side of the mandible. At necropsy, one sheep exhibited a purulent lesion located on the right, next to the root of the tongue. Microscopically, the main finding was status spongiosus in the central nervous system and optic nerve. The retina showed rod and cone degeneration, ganglionic cell layer vacuolation, karyorrhexis, and vacuolation of the outer plexiform layer. The liver of one sheep exhibited diffused coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes in the centrilobular region associated with high infestation of Haemonchus contortus.

Obliterative vasculitis caused by ovine herpesvirus type 2 in cattle / Obliterative vasculitis caused by ovine herpesvirus type 2 in cattle

Background: Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a frequently fatal viral infection that affects various wild and domestic ruminants and even pigs, as recently reported. It is a disease characterized by lymphoproliferation, vasculitis and erosiveulcerative lesions in mucosa and skin. In Brazil, the virus that circulates and causes the disease has been identifi ed as OvHV-2. The aim of this study is to describe the clinicopathological changes in a cow with obliterative vasculitis caused by OvHV-2.Case: A two-year-old Gir cow with a history of intermittent diarrhea and progressive weight loss for approximately a year, which had not improved with antibiotic therapy, was euthanized and subjected to necropsy. In the necropsy, the liver was enlarged, fi rm, and had a marbled aspect all over the capsular and cut surfaces (light striations intercalated with dark areas). Cut surfaces also revealed thickening of the vessel walls, which exhibited a branched pattern. There was marked thickening of the small and large intestinal walls. The hepatic, mediastinal and mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged. The samples were fi xed in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin, routinely processed for histology, embedded in paraffi n, cut 5-µm sections, and stained stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Additionally, sections of the liver and ileum were subjected to Massons trichrome staining. The main microscop

Background: Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a frequently fatal viral infection that affects various wild and domestic ruminants and even pigs, as recently reported. It is a disease characterized by lymphoproliferation, vasculitis and erosiveulcerative lesions in mucosa and skin. In Brazil, the virus that circulates and causes the disease has been identifi ed as OvHV-2. The aim of this study is to describe the clinicopathological changes in a cow with obliterative vasculitis caused by OvHV-2.Case: A two-year-old Gir cow with a history of intermittent diarrhea and progressive weight loss for approximately a year, which had not improved with antibiotic therapy, was euthanized and subjected to necropsy. In the necropsy, the liver was enlarged, fi rm, and had a marbled aspect all over the capsular and cut surfaces (light striations intercalated with dark areas). Cut surfaces also revealed thickening of the vessel walls, which exhibited a branched pattern. There was marked thickening of the small and large intestinal walls. The hepatic, mediastinal and mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged. The samples were fi xed in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin, routinely processed for histology, embedded in paraffi n, cut 5-µm sections, and stained stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Additionally, sections of the liver and ileum were subjected to Massons trichrome staining. The main microscop

Obstructive urolithiasis in Nelore cattle in the Recôncavo of Bahia / Urolitíase obstrutiva em touro Nelore no Recôncavo da Bahia

Background: Urolithiasis is a metabolic disease of ruminants castrated and uncastrated. The formation of uroliths causes trauma and obstruction in the tract urinary. The nutrition and management are the main predisposing factors for this disease. Many cases occur sporadically, but outbreaks can occur or become an endemic problem. This paper describes a case of obstructive urolithiasis in Nelore cattle uncastrated in Recôncavo of Bahia, Brazil. Case: An 4-year-old Nelore cattle, uncastrated male was sent to the Centro de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária da Universidade Federal da Bahia (CPD-UFBA), Bahia, Brazil. by presenting a swelling on the ventral abdomen 5 days ago. Clinical examination revealed the exposure with mucosal necrosis and hemorrhage preputial, and continuous dripping of urine. The animal was euthanized in extremis and submitted to necropsy. The animal was necropsied and samples collected from the abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, and nervous system. The samples were fixed in 10% formalin, cleaved, processed routinely for histology, embedded in paraffi n, cut at five microns thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Urinary stones collected during necropsy were sent for analysis of chemical composition. The macroscopic had swelling in the ventral abdominal region. By cutting this region was the formation of cavities and fi lled with red liquid and odor uremi

Background: Urolithiasis is a metabolic disease of ruminants castrated and uncastrated. The formation of uroliths causes trauma and obstruction in the tract urinary. The nutrition and management are the main predisposing factors for this disease. Many cases occur sporadically, but outbreaks can occur or become an endemic problem. This paper describes a case of obstructive urolithiasis in Nelore cattle uncastrated in Recôncavo of Bahia, Brazil. Case: An 4-year-old Nelore cattle, uncastrated male was sent to the Centro de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária da Universidade Federal da Bahia (CPD-UFBA), Bahia, Brazil. by presenting a swelling on the ventral abdomen 5 days ago. Clinical examination revealed the exposure with mucosal necrosis and hemorrhage preputial, and continuous dripping of urine. The animal was euthanized in extremis and submitted to necropsy. The animal was necropsied and samples collected from the abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, and nervous system. The samples were fixed in 10% formalin, cleaved, processed routinely for histology, embedded in paraffi n, cut at five microns thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Urinary stones collected during necropsy were sent for analysis of chemical composition. The macroscopic had swelling in the ventral abdominal region. By cutting this region was the formation of cavities and fi lled with red liquid and odor uremi

Oropharyngeal lesions and poisoning by closantel in sheep after antiparasitic treatment

An outbreak of oropharyngeal lesions and poisoning by closantel in sheep after improper handling and anthelmintic drug overdose is described here. Eleven sheep were affected out of 42 that were dewormed. Eight sheep died. Clinically, the animals showed abdominal recumbency, absent pupillary and palpebral reflexes, bilateral blindness, depression, apathy, emaciation, and corneal opacity. Three sheep exhibited swelling on the right side of the mandible. At necropsy, one sheep exhibited a purulent lesion located on the right, next to the root of the tongue. Microscopically, the main finding was status spongiosus in the central nervous system and optic nerve. The retina showed rod and cone degeneration, ganglionic cell layer vacuolation, karyorrhexis, and vacuolation of the outer plexiform layer. The liver of one sheep exhibited diffused coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes in the centrilobular region associated with high infestation of Haemonchus contortus.(AU)

Comparison of risk factors among blood donors, volunteers and replacement individuals, infected or not by hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily parenterally by contaminated blood and is often associated with: intravenous drug abuse, invasive procedures, blood transfusions, acupuncture, tattooing, and alcohol and tobacco use. This study aimed to quantify and evaluate the risk factors among blood donors, volunteer blood donors and replacement individuals, infected or not by the C virus. The main transmission routes of C virus were identified in 55 men and 25 women (GI) monitored by the Ambulatory Unit of the Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, and in 24 men and 26 women (GII), all active blood donors at the Bauru State Hospital Transfusional Agency. Both groups were similar in: tobacco and alcohol consumption, sexual behavior, tattooing and illicit drug use. The duration of alcohol and tobacco consumption and blood transfusions in GI were longer, whereas the option for steady partners, condom use, disposable materials and piercings were predominant in GII. In conclusion, the risk factors for hepatitis C demonstrate the necessity of health policies that act on the primary and secondary prevention levels (respectively, reduction of infection incidence and hepatopathy risk).

Comparison of risk factors among blood donors, volunteers and replacement individuals, infected or not by hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily parenterally by contaminated blood and is often associated with: intravenous drug abuse, invasive procedures, blood transfusions, acupuncture, tattooing, and alcohol and tobacco use. This study aimed to quantify and evaluate the risk factors among blood donors, volunteer blood donors and replacement individuals, infected or not by the C virus. The main transmission routes of C virus were identified in 55 men and 25 women (GI) monitored by the Ambulatory Unit of the Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, and in 24 men and 26 women (GII), all active blood donors at the Bauru State Hospital Transfusional Agency. Both groups were similar in: tobacco and alcohol consumption, sexual behavior, tattooing and illicit drug use. The duration of alcohol and tobacco consumption and blood transfusions in GI were longer, whereas the option for steady partners, condom use, disposable materials and piercings were predominant in GII. In conclusion, the risk factors for hepatitis C demonstrate the necessity of health policies that act on the primary and secondary prevention levels (respectively, reduction of infection incidence and hepatopathy risk).

Young ovine death during hyperimmunization: crotalic envenomation or copper toxicosis?

The unfavorable evolution of a young ovine during hyperimmunization process with Crotalus durissus terrificus venom was investigated in order to differentiate its origin between ophidic envenomation and copper toxicosis. Clinical, laboratory, necroscopic and histological exams as well as evaluation and measurement of heavy metals (copper) in the kidneys and in the liver were carried out. Blood counts revealed anemia and serological tests showed high levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin; which indicates liver, kidney and skeletal muscle damages. At necropsy, the animal presented hepatopathy and nephropathy. Histological examination revealed renal and hepatic features that may imply copper intoxication. Copper levels were 237.8 µg/g in the liver and 51.2 µg/g in the kidneys. Although the amount of metal found in both organs was below the level that can cause death, according to the literature, anatomopathological signs were suggestive of copper intoxication. Therefore, the hypothesis of metal toxicosis during the hyperimmunization process became more consistent than the crotalic envenomation one.

Assessment of cytokine values in serum by RT-PCR in HIV-1 infected individuals with and without highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)

A cross-sectional study was performed on HIV-1 infected individuals with or without antiretroviral treatment (ARV) in the AIDS Day Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP. Between August 2004 and October 2005, 73 HIV-1 infected individuals were divided into three groups: infected individuals with or without AIDS who had never received ARV (G1 = 15); patients on HAART that had had plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) equal to or greater than 50 copies/mL (G2 = 27); and patients on HAART with undetectable VL for at least the past six months (G3 = 31). There was also an additional group that comprised blood donors without any sign of the disease and with negative HIV serum tests (G4 = 20), which was the control group. Serum cytokine levels (values in pg/mL) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and specific mRNA expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Both techniques were performed on the four groups for TNF-, IL-2, INF-, IL-4 and IL-10. All patients were submitted to VL determination and CD4+ and CD8+T lymphocyte counts. The analysis of the results revealed a significant comparison among groups for both methods and an association between the latter (> 80% r² > 0.80). There was only one exception, in control individuals for IL-2 by ELISA. The cytokine profiles, in both methods, for the three patient groups, were mature Th-0. The behaviors of IL-2 and INF- required emphasis due to consequent expression of dominant Th profile. Both methods showed low IL-2 and high mean values of INF- in the three groups. Several authors have recently drawn attention to the substantial apoptosis of infected and non-infected CD4+T cells, mainly during primary infection, persisting only in those with INF- phenotype producer and not IL-2. HIV infected individuals submitted to HAART are expected to produce IL-2 in an attempt to present Th-1 profile, but in most cases this did not occur.

Simultaneous chronic seneciosis and eurytrematosis in a cow / Simultânea seneciose crônica e euritrematose em uma vaca

Chronic intoxication associated with the ingestion of Senecio brasiliensis with concomitant interstitial and periductal pancreatitis induced by Eurytrema spp are described in a cow that demonstrated severe progressive emaciation as its principal clinical manifestation. In chronic seneciosis there was severe toxic hepatitis characterized by periportal and bridging fibrosis, megalocytosis, and proliferation of epithelial bile duct cells. Infestation by Eurytrema spp produced marked periductal and interstitial fibrosis associated with parasitic forms within interlobular pancreatic ducts.

Descreve-se a intoxicação crônica por Senecio brasiliensis com concomitante pancreatite intersticial e periductal por Eurytrema spp em uma vaca que demonstrou emagrecimento progressivo como sua principal manifestação clínica. Na intoxicação crônica por Senecio spp observou-se hepatite tóxica caracterizada por fibrose periportal e em ponte, megalocitose e proliferação das células epiteliais dos ductos biliares. A infestação por Eurytrema spp induziu fibrose periductal e intersticial acentuada associada a formas interductais do trematódeo.

Simultaneous chronic seneciosis and eurytrematosis in a cow / Simultânea seneciose crônica e euritrematose em uma vaca

Chronic intoxication associated with the ingestion of Senecio brasiliensis with concomitant interstitial and periductal pancreatitis induced by Eurytrema spp are described in a cow that demonstrated severe progressive emaciation as its principal clinical manifestation. In chronic seneciosis there was severe toxic hepatitis characterized by periportal and bridging fibrosis, megalocytosis, and proliferation of epithelial bile duct cells. Infestation by Eurytrema spp produced marked periductal and interstitial fibrosis associated with parasitic forms within interlobular pancreatic ducts.

Descreve-se a intoxicação crônica por Senecio brasiliensis com concomitante pancreatite intersticial e periductal por Eurytrema spp em uma vaca que demonstrou emagrecimento progressivo como sua principal manifestação clínica. Na intoxicação crônica por Senecio spp observou-se hepatite tóxica caracterizada por fibrose periportal e em ponte, megalocitose e proliferação das células epiteliais dos ductos biliares. A infestação por Eurytrema spp induziu fibrose periductal e intersticial acentuada associada a formas interductais do trematódeo.

Comparison the pregnancy rates between bovine recipients with cavitary or compact corpus luteum after cloprostenol or fixed time embryo transfer / Comparação das taxas de prenhez entre receptoras com corpos lúteos cavitários ou compactos após protocolo de sincronização com cloprostenol ou transferência de embriões em tempo fixo

The aim of this work was to evaluate pregnancy rates in bovine embryo recipients with compact and cavitary corpus luteum. Two hundred and three crossbred heifers were divided in two groups. In the first group (G-PGF, n=103), the animals received 500 mg de Cloprostenol IM (Sincrocio, Ouro fino, Brasil) after CL identification by ultrasonography. After that, heifers were detected for heat the next 72 hours. The animals from second group (G-P4, n=100) received an intravaginal progesterone device (CIDR, Pfizer, Brasil) and 2 mg estradiol benzoate (Estrogin, Farmavet, Brasil) IM, in random stages from estrus cycle. On the 8th day the devices were removed and the animals received 500 mg of Cloprostenol IM. After 24h all animals received 1 mg BE, IM. The CL was identified and evaluated at 10 and 17 days after the beginning of the treatment in G-PGF and G-P4, respectively. All the heifers with CL received IVP embryos. The pregnancy diagnosis was made by transrectal ultrasonography after 23 days. The results were nalyzed by Chi-square. There were no significant difference in number of heifers ready to embryo transfer in G-PGF and G-P4, respectively 72.8% (75/103) e 79% (79/100); (P>0.05)Twenty one percent (16/75) had cavitary CL in G-PGF and 22.7% (18/79) in G-P4 (P>0.05). Among all embryo recipients with a cavitary or compact CL there was no difference on pregnancy rates (41.1% 1

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar as taxas de prenhez em receptoras com corpo lúteo (CL) compacto ou cavitário, submetidas a protocolos com cloprostenol ou transferência em tempo fixo. Foram utilizadas 203 novilhas mestiças. No primeiro grupo (G-PGF, n=103), os animais com CL previamente detectados por ultra-sonografia transretal receberam 500 mg de Cloprostenol (Sincrocio, Ouro fino, Brasil), por via IM e permaneceram sob observação de cio por 72 horas. No segundo grupo (G-P4, n=100), as novilhas receberam um dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (CIDR, Pfizer, Brasil) simultaneamente à aplicação IM de 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE); (Estrogin, Farmavet, Brasil). No oitavo dia, os dispositivos foram retirados e os animais receberam 500 mg de Cloprostenol (Sincrocio, Ouro fino, Brasil) por via IM. Após 24 horas, os animais receberam uma aplicação IM de 1 mg de BE. A avaliação ultra-sonográfica do CL foi realizada 10 dias e 17 dias após o início dos tratamentos, respectivamente para os grupos G-PGF e G-P4. Todas as receptoras com CL receberam embriões produzidos in vitro. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado 23 dias depois, por ultra-sonografia. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste do Quiquadrado. Não houve diferença significativa nas taxas de aproveitamento de receptoras entre os grupos G-PGF e G-P4 (72,8%; 75/103; 79% ;79/100). Detectou-se CL cavitário em

Simultaneous chronic seneciosis and eurytrematosis in a cow / Simultânea seneciose crônica e euritrematose em uma vaca

Chronic intoxication associated with the ingestion of Senecio brasiliensis with concomitant interstitial and periductal pancreatitis induced by Eurytrema spp are described in a cow that demonstrated severe progressive emaciation as its principal clinical manifestation. In chronic seneciosis there was severe toxic hepatitis characterized by periportal and bridging fibrosis, megalocytosis, and proliferation of epithelial bile duct cells. Infestation by Eurytrema spp produced marked periductal and interstitial fibrosis associated with parasitic forms within interlobular pancreatic ducts.

Descreve-se a intoxicação crônica por Senecio brasiliensis com concomitante pancreatite intersticial e periductal por Eurytrema spp em uma vaca que demonstrou emagrecimento progressivo como sua principal manifestação clínica. Na intoxicação crônica por Senecio spp observou-se hepatite tóxica caracterizada por fibrose periportal e em ponte, megalocitose e proliferação das células epiteliais dos ductos biliares. A infestação por Eurytrema spp induziu fibrose periductal e intersticial acentuada associada a formas interductais do trematódeo.

Obstructive urolithiasis in Nelore cattle in the Recôncavo of Bahia / Urolitíase obstrutiva em touro Nelore no Recôncavo da Bahia

Background: Urolithiasis is a metabolic disease of ruminants castrated and uncastrated. The formation of uroliths causes trauma and obstruction in the tract urinary. The nutrition and management are the main predisposing factors for this disease. Many cases occur sporadically, but outbreaks can occur or become an endemic problem. This paper describes a case of obstructive urolithiasis in Nelore cattle uncastrated in Recôncavo of Bahia, Brazil. Case: An 4-year-old Nelore cattle, uncastrated male was sent to the Centro de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária da Universidade Federal da Bahia (CPD-UFBA), Bahia, Brazil. by presenting a swelling on the ventral abdomen 5 days ago. Clinical examination revealed the exposure with mucosal necrosis and hemorrhage preputial, and continuous dripping of urine. The animal was euthanized in extremis and submitted to necropsy. The animal was necropsied and samples collected from the abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, and nervous system. The samples were fixed in 10% formalin, cleaved, processed routinely for histology, embedded in paraffi n, cut at five microns thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Urinary stones collected during necropsy were sent for analysis of chemical composition. The macroscopic had swelling in the ventral abdominal region. By cutting this region was the formation of cavities and fi lled with red liquid and odor uremi

Background: Urolithiasis is a metabolic disease of ruminants castrated and uncastrated. The formation of uroliths causes trauma and obstruction in the tract urinary. The nutrition and management are the main predisposing factors for this disease. Many cases occur sporadically, but outbreaks can occur or become an endemic problem. This paper describes a case of obstructive urolithiasis in Nelore cattle uncastrated in Recôncavo of Bahia, Brazil. Case: An 4-year-old Nelore cattle, uncastrated male was sent to the Centro de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária da Universidade Federal da Bahia (CPD-UFBA), Bahia, Brazil. by presenting a swelling on the ventral abdomen 5 days ago. Clinical examination revealed the exposure with mucosal necrosis and hemorrhage preputial, and continuous dripping of urine. The animal was euthanized in extremis and submitted to necropsy. The animal was necropsied and samples collected from the abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, and nervous system. The samples were fixed in 10% formalin, cleaved, processed routinely for histology, embedded in paraffi n, cut at five microns thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Urinary stones collected during necropsy were sent for analysis of chemical composition. The macroscopic had swelling in the ventral abdominal region. By cutting this region was the formation of cavities and fi lled with red liquid and odor uremi