Use of Soy Protein Concentrate in Pre-Starter and Starter Diets for Broilers

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of using soy protein concentrate (SPC) in pre-starter and starter diets for broilers. In the first experiment, 600 male Cobb broilers, between one and 40 days of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and six replications of 25 birds each. Treatments were ofered to broilers in the pre-starter and starter diets and consisted of inclusion of soy protein concentrate (0,3,6 and 9%) in diets. The parameters evaluated were: body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, consumption of ration, enzyme production in the pancreas, villus: crypt ratio, leukocyte count and immunoglobulin A (IgA) dosage. Aimed to determine the coefficient of nutrient metabolization of feeds, 144 male Cobb chicks were distributed, between 14 and 21 days of age, with four treatments and six replications of six birds per experimental unit. Treatments were the same as in the first experiment. The use of 3 and 9% of SPC did not affect weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion or viability of the poultry. The use of 6% of SPC provided an increase in trypsin activity, villi length and crypt depth; the coefficient of dry matter metabolization increased linearly; but no differences were observed in performance or immunological parameters.(AU)

Use of Soy Protein Concentrate in Pre-Starter and Starter Diets for Broilers

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of using soy protein concentrate (SPC) in pre-starter and starter diets for broilers. In the first experiment, 600 male Cobb broilers, between one and 40 days of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and six replications of 25 birds each. Treatments were ofered to broilers in the pre-starter and starter diets and consisted of inclusion of soy protein concentrate (0,3,6 and 9%) in diets. The parameters evaluated were: body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, consumption of ration, enzyme production in the pancreas, villus: crypt ratio, leukocyte count and immunoglobulin A (IgA) dosage. Aimed to determine the coefficient of nutrient metabolization of feeds, 144 male Cobb chicks were distributed, between 14 and 21 days of age, with four treatments and six replications of six birds per experimental unit. Treatments were the same as in the first experiment. The use of 3 and 9% of SPC did not affect weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion or viability of the poultry. The use of 6% of SPC provided an increase in trypsin activity, villi length and crypt depth; the coefficient of dry matter metabolization increased linearly; but no differences were observed in performance or immunological parameters.

Effect of incubator type and broiler breeder age on hatchability and chick quality

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of broiler breeder age and incubator type on hatching parameters, hatch window, embryo diagnosis results, and hatchling physical quality. The treatments consisted of a combination of three broiler breeder ages (29, 35 and 59 weeks of age) and two incubator types (single stage, SS; or and multiple stage, MS). A completely randomized design in a 3x2 factorial arrangement was applied. In Experiment I, 1,896 eggs were used and 360 eggs in Experiment II. There was an interaction between breeder age and incubator type only for hatchling physical quality score. Independently of incubator type, hatchability rate, late embryo mortality, and egg contamination were higher in the eggs laid by older breeders (59-wk-old). Early mortality (0-4 days) was higher in the embryos from young breeders (29-wk-old). A shorter hatch window birth was obtained in the SS incubator, resulting in higher hatchling body weight relative to egg weight, and better hatchling physical quality score. Both types of incubators provide good conditions for embryo development; however, the physical quality of chicks derived from eggs from intermediate-aged breeders (35-wk-old) is better when eggs are incubated in SS incubators.

Effect of incubator type and broiler breeder age on hatchability and chick quality

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of broiler breeder age and incubator type on hatching parameters, hatch window, embryo diagnosis results, and hatchling physical quality. The treatments consisted of a combination of three broiler breeder ages (29, 35 and 59 weeks of age) and two incubator types (single stage, SS; or and multiple stage, MS). A completely randomized design in a 3x2 factorial arrangement was applied. In Experiment I, 1,896 eggs were used and 360 eggs in Experiment II. There was an interaction between breeder age and incubator type only for hatchling physical quality score. Independently of incubator type, hatchability rate, late embryo mortality, and egg contamination were higher in the eggs laid by older breeders (59-wk-old). Early mortality (0-4 days) was higher in the embryos from young breeders (29-wk-old). A shorter hatch window birth was obtained in the SS incubator, resulting in higher hatchling body weight relative to egg weight, and better hatchling physical quality score. Both types of incubators provide good conditions for embryo development; however, the physical quality of chicks derived from eggs from intermediate-aged breeders (35-wk-old) is better when eggs are incubated in SS incubators.(AU)

Exigência de metionina + cistina para frangas de reposição na fase recria de 13 a 18 semanas de idade / Requirement of methionine plus cystine for egg pullets in the growing phase from 13 to 18 weeks old

Determinou-se a exigência de metionina + cistina para frangas de 13 a 18 semanas de idade e verificou-se seu efeito sobre a fase de postura. O experimento foi dividido em duas fases experimentais, recria e postura. Na fase de recria, 560 aves - 50% Lohmann LSL e 50% Lohmann Brown -, com 13 a 18 semanas de idade, foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2 (porcentagem de met+cis e linhagens), com quatro repetições e 14 aves por repetição. As porcentagens de met+cis totais estudadas foram 0,399; 0,469; 0,539; 0,609 e 0,679%. Ao atingirem 22 semanas de idade, 240 aves foram utilizadas para se avaliar o efeito residual das dietas oferecidas na fase de recria sobre o desempenho das aves, a produção e a qualidade de ovos. Ao se considerar a fase de produção, não se verificou efeito da inclusão de níveis de met+cis na ração, para ambas as linhagens. As exigências de metionina + cistina totais foram de 0,679% (0,611% de met+cis digestível) para aves leves e de 0,646% (0,581% de met+cis digestível) para aves semipesadas.(AU)

The methionine + cystine requirement was determined for pullets from 13 to 18 weeks of age and its effect was verified on the laying phase. The experiment was divided into two experimental phases. In the growing phase 560 birds (50% and 50% Lohmann LSL Lohmann Brown) at 13 to 18 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized factorial scheme 5x2 (methionine + cystine levels and lineages), with four replications and 14 birds per repetition. The levels of total methionine + cystine studied were 0.399, 0.469, 0.539, 0.609 and 0.679%. When they reached 22 weeks of age, 240 birds were used to assess the residual effects of the diets offered in the growing phase on performance of poultry, egg production and quality. Considering the production phase, there was no effect of the inclusion of methionine + cystine levels in the diet for both strains. The total methionine and cysteine was 0.679% (0.611% of digestible methionine + cystine) for light birds and 0.646% (0.581% methionine + cystine digestible) for brown-egg pullets.(AU)

Exigência de metionina + cistina para frangas de reposição na fase cria de sete a 12 semanas de idade / Requirement of methionine + cystine for pullets in the growing phase from 7 to 12 weeks old

Determinou-se a exigência de metionina + cistina para frangas de sete a 12 semanas de idade e verificou-se seu efeito sobre a fase de postura. O experimento foi dividido em duas fases, de cria e de produção, esta de 22 a 33 semanas de idade. Na primeira fase, utilizaram-se 640 aves - 50% Lohmann LSL e 50% Lohmann Brown - com sete a 12 semanas de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2 (porcentagem de met+cis e linhagem), com quatro repetições e 16 aves por repetição. As porcentagens de met+cis total estudadas foram 0,471; 0,541; 0,611; 0,681 e 0,751%. Ao atingirem 22 semanas de idade, 240 aves foram utilizadas para verificar o efeito residual das dietas fornecidas na fase de cria. A dieta fornecida nesta fase foi igual para todas as aves. As exigências de metionina + cistina para aves de reposição, leves e semipesadas, no período de sete a 12 semanas de idade, foram de 0,710 % de met+cis total (0,639% de met+cis digestível) e 0,706% de met+cis total (0,635% de met+cis digestível), respectivamente.(AU)

The methionine + cystine requirement was determined for pullets from seven to 12 weeks of age and its effect was verified on the laying phase. The experiment was divided into two phases, growing and production, which lasted from 22 to 33 weeks of age. In the first experimental phase we used 640 birds (50% and 50% Lohmann LSL Lohmann Brown) allotted in a completely randomized factorial scheme 5x2 (methionine + cystine levels and lineages), with four replications and 16 birds per repetition. The levels of total methionine + cystine studied were 0.471; 0.541; 0.611; 0.681 e 0.751%. When they reached 22 weeks of age, 240 birds were used to verify the residual effect of the diets fed during the growth period. The level of methionine + cystine for white-egg and brown-egg pullets in the period from 1 to 6 weeks of age were 0.710% of total methionine + cystine (0.639 % met+cis digestible) and 0.706 % of total methionine + cystine (0.635 % of met+cis digestible), respectively.(AU)