Conventional vs. advanced echocardiographic parameters for predicting fluid responsiveness in healthy dogs

Background: Volume replacement is considered an essential component in the treatment of critically ill patients, but excess f luid administration can be as harmful as the lack of fluid therapy. Therefore, the volume replacement is only beneficial in patients deemed to be fluid responsive, that is, when the individual has an increase in their stroke volume after administration of a volume challenge. This study aim to assess whether conventional and advanced echocardiographic parameters for assessing left ventricular systolic function are able to predict fluid responsiveness in healthy spontaneously breathing dogs. The hypothesis was that some of these parameters would differ between responsive and non-responsive animals and could be used as a complementary measure for assessment of fluid responsiveness. Materials, Methods & Results: A prospective study was carried out in which 22 client-owned healthy dogs over 1 year of age that presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for elective neutering procedure were included. All dogs underwent conventional and advanced echocardiographic examination to obtain the left ventricular internal diameter in diastole normalized (LVIDDn), left ventricular internal diameter in systole normalized (LVIDSn), ejection fraction (EF) and shortening fraction (SF) according to the Teischholz methodology, global longitudinal strain (GLS) and tissue motion annular displacement (TMAD). There parameters were evaluated before and after administration of a volume challenge with 10 mL/kg lactate ringer intravenously for 20 min. Based on the variation in aortic velocity integral time, 31.82% of dogs were considered responsive and 68.18% were non-responsive to the volume challenge. For advanced echocardiography, TMAD indexed by body weight (mm/kg) > 0.89 (P = 0.004) and body surface area (mm/m2) >18.9 (P = 0.004) after volume challenge had the best area...

MicroRNAs em cardiologia veterinária / MicroRNAs in veterinary cardiology

The use of biomarkers is an important recent development in veterinary medicine. Biomarkers allow non-invasive quantification of substances with diagnostic and prognostic potential in several diseases. The microRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are expressed in different forms in many diseases. Reduced or over-expression of microRNAs showed to be part of the pathogenesis of some heart diseases in humans and animals. Diagnostic and therapeutic value of measuring microRNAs in veterinary cardiology is increased because abnormal expression can be managed by the use of antagonists (in the case of overexpression) and mimicking (in the case of underexpression). Thus, this literature review aimed to compile scientific evidence of dysregulation of microRNAs expression in different cardiac diseases being one of the promises in the therapeutic field and diagnosis of veterinary cardiology. MicroRNAs not only have potential as a biomarker but may also help in elucidation of aspects of the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases.

Os biomarcadores vêm crescendo na medicina veterinária, pois permitem, de forma não invasiva, a quantificação de substâncias com potencial para avaliação prognóstica e diagnóstica em diversas doenças. Os microRNAs são pequenos RNAs não codificantes que regulam a expressão de genes e são expressos de diferentes formas em diversas doenças. A sua super ou subexpressão já foi evidenciada como parte da patogênese de cardiopatias em seres humanos e animais. O controle dessa anormalidade de expressão pode ser obtido pela utilização de antagonistas (em casos de superexpressão) e mimetizadores (em casos de subexpressão). Dessa forma, esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo compilar as evidências científicas da desregulação da expressão de microRNAs nas diferentes doenças cardíacas, sendo essa uma das promessas no campo terapêutico e diagnóstico da cardiologia veterinária, permitindo não só a sua utilização como biomarcador, mas também com aspecto elucidativo da patogênese de diversas doenças.

MicroRNAs em cardiologia veterinária / MicroRNAs in veterinary cardiology

The use of biomarkers is an important recent development in veterinary medicine. Biomarkers allow non-invasive quantification of substances with diagnostic and prognostic potential in several diseases. The microRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are expressed in different forms in many diseases. Reduced or over-expression of microRNAs showed to be part of the pathogenesis of some heart diseases in humans and animals. Diagnostic and therapeutic value of measuring microRNAs in veterinary cardiology is increased because abnormal expression can be managed by the use of antagonists (in the case of overexpression) and mimicking (in the case of underexpression). Thus, this literature review aimed to compile scientific evidence of dysregulation of microRNAs expression in different cardiac diseases being one of the promises in the therapeutic field and diagnosis of veterinary cardiology. MicroRNAs not only have potential as a biomarker but may also help in elucidation of aspects of the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases.(AU)

Os biomarcadores vêm crescendo na medicina veterinária, pois permitem, de forma não invasiva, a quantificação de substâncias com potencial para avaliação prognóstica e diagnóstica em diversas doenças. Os microRNAs são pequenos RNAs não codificantes que regulam a expressão de genes e são expressos de diferentes formas em diversas doenças. A sua super ou subexpressão já foi evidenciada como parte da patogênese de cardiopatias em seres humanos e animais. O controle dessa anormalidade de expressão pode ser obtido pela utilização de antagonistas (em casos de superexpressão) e mimetizadores (em casos de subexpressão). Dessa forma, esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo compilar as evidências científicas da desregulação da expressão de microRNAs nas diferentes doenças cardíacas, sendo essa uma das promessas no campo terapêutico e diagnóstico da cardiologia veterinária, permitindo não só a sua utilização como biomarcador, mas também com aspecto elucidativo da patogênese de diversas doenças.(AU)