Fibroma cutâneo atípico em uma vaca / Atypical cutaneous fibroma in a cow

Background: Cutaneous fibroma is a benign neoplasm affecting the fibroblasts and collagen matrix that develops in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. This neoplasm is uncommon in cattle, and few reports have described the treatment and resolution of this neoplasm. Despite its benign character, a veterinarian should consider cutaneous fibroma in the differential diagnosis of skin tumors. This report aims to describe a rare case of large fibroma in the scapular region in a cow, with emphasis on the clinical-surgical and anatomopathological aspects of the condition. Case: A 3-year-old Girolando 3/4 cow was attended to at a rural property in Lagamar-MG, Brazil. According to the owner, the animal presented with a small mass in the right scapular region that grew progressively over 1 year and 6 months. Clinical examination revealed an exuberant and painless increase in volume on palpation in the proximal region of the right thoracic limb, which, in its vertical axis, extended from the proximal end of the scapula to near the olecranon tuberosity, and, in its horizontal axis, extended from the 6th intercostal space to the scapulohumeral joint, reaching the dimensions 66 cm and 62 cm, respectively. It presented with multiple nodules that were firm in consistency with extensive areas of ulceration. Neoplasia was suspected, and surgical excision was decided upon. The cow was sedated and restrained in the left lateral decubitus position. Trichotomy and antisepsis of the operative field were performed followed by an infiltrative anesthetic block around the tumor. The tumor was excised maintaining a safety margin of 1 cm. Dermorrhaphy was not possible, and healing by secondary intention was awaited. In the postoperative period, antibiotic therapy with benzathine penicillin, analgesia with meloxicamand dipyrone and daily dressing of the wound were performed. There were no postoperative complications and complete healing occurred approximately 100 days after surgery. One year after the surgical procedure, the owner reported that the cow did not present with recurrence of the neoplasm. The resected tumor weighed 11.2 kg, and, when cut, presented with solid conformation and whitish coloration. Tumor fragments were harvested, fixed in 10% formalin, and sent for histopathological examination, which revealed neoproliferation of remarkable cellular density composed of dense, well vascularized fibrocollagenous connective tissue arranged in multidirectional bundles and undulating pattern. Mild cellular pleomorphism was identified, and no mitosis figures were observed. Alcian blue staining was negative for mucopolysaccharides, differing from Masson's trichrome staining, which widely stained the fibrocollagenous tissue blue. In view of these findings, the diagnosis of cutaneous fibroma was confirmed. Discussion: Cutaneous fibromas are benign neoplasms of fibrous tissue, and they are uncommon in cattle and may be associated with bovine papillomavirus and/or trauma. Although the origin of cutaneous fibroma is not clear, the present report stands out due to the large size of the tumor mass. The complete healing of the surgical wound, the absence of recurrence one year after surgery and the return of the animal to dairy production demonstrate that the surgical treatment was adequate. The macro- and microscopic characteristics of the cutaneous fibroma in this case corroborate with other cases reported in the literature. Large cutaneous fibroma is uncommon in bovines, and may hinder surgical excision and prolong healing time, as well as the complete recovery of the animal. Moreover, the differential diagnosis with other neoplasms of fibroblastic origin is relevant, especially for those with malignant biological behavior, such as fibrosarcoma and myxosarcoma.

Elucidando a imunovigilância e imunoedição tumoral: uma revisão abrangente / Elucidating tumor immunosurveillance and immunoediting: a comprehensive review

A ação do sistema imunológico contra as enfermidades neoplásicas tem se tornado uma das principais fontes de pesquisa na atualidade. As vias biológicas desse sistema são conhecidas por contribuir na limitação da progressão e na eliminação do tumor, e são delineadas por conceitos e mecanismos de imunovigilância e imunoedição. A imunovigilância é considerada o processo pelo qual o sistema imunológico reconhece e inibe o processo neoplásico. O conceito de imunoedição tem origem no sentido de que o sistema imune é capaz de moldar o perfil antigênico do tumor devido à pressão seletiva, baseada nas etapas de eliminação, equilíbrio e evasão tumoral. A resposta imunológica ocorre contra antígenos tumorais e modificações do microambiente tumoral, envolvendo diferentes componentes do sistema imune inato, como células T, células natural Killer, linfócitos B e macrófagos. Nesse sentido, conhecer esses conceitos e compreender seus respectivos mecanismos torna-se essencial na investigação de novas estratégias de prevenção e combate ao câncer. Dessa forma, esta revisão apresenta aspectos históricos e definições de imunovigilância e imunoedição tumoral, com ênfase em sua importância e aplicabilidade, assim como aos diferentes métodos utilizados em imunoterapia.

The action of the immune system against neoplastic diseases has become one of the main sources of research. The biological pathways of this system are known to contribute in limiting the progression and elimination of the tumor, and are delineated by concepts and mechanisms of immunosurveillance and immunoediting. Immunosurveillance is considered the process by which the immune system recognizes and inhibits the neoplastic process. The concept of immunoediting arises in the sense that immune system is able to shape the antigenic profile of the tumor due to selective pressure, based on the stages of tumor elimination, balance and evasion. The immune response occurs against tumor antigens and changes in the tumor microenvironment, involving different components of the innate immune system, such as T cells, natural Killer cells, B lymphocytes and macrophages. In this sense, knowing these concepts and understanding their respective mechanisms becomes essential in the investigation of new strategies for cancer prevention and cure. Thus, this review presents historical aspects and definitions of immunosurveillance and tumor immunoediting, with emphasis on its importance and applicability, such as on the different methods used in immunotherapy.

Fibrolipoma gigante no membro distal de uma vaca / Giant fibrolipoma in the distal limb of a cow

Background: Lipomas are adipocytic tumors of slow and expansive growth. They can be classified into several subtypes depending on the tissue present next to the neoplastic adipocytes. One of such subtypes is the fibrolipoma, which is formed by well-differentiated adipocytes and fibrous connective tissue. This neoplasm has been little described in cattle, and rare reports present the treatment and resolution of the case. Thus, the dissemination of cases of fibrolipomas in cattle is essential to help veterinarians diagnose this neoplasm. The present report describes a case of fibrolipoma in the distal pelvic limb of a cow successfully treated by surgical excision. Case: A 4-year-old 3/4 Girolando cow from the municipality of Vazante, MG, Brazil, was treated on the farm. According to the owner, the animal had been showing tumoral growth in the left pelvic limb over the period of 1 year and 3 months. The tumor involved the entire left metatarsus and was 40 x 37 cm, without ulcerations and painless on palpation. A neoplasm was suspected and surgical excision was the chosen approach. The cow was sedated, positioned and restrained in right lateral recumbency for surgery. The operative field was prepared and a subcutaneous locoregional ring block was performed dorsally to the tumor. The tumor mass was excised with a safety margin of 1 cm. After removal, the mass was found to weigh 10.4 kg and to be yellowish-white upon sectioning. Due to the distance between the edges of the surgical wound, skin suture could not be performed. Thus, second-intention healing and wound protection with bandages were the choice of management. In the postoperative period, the adopted treatment consisted of antibiotic therapy with benzathine penicillin, analgesia with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, daily dressings and wound protection with bandages. The animal did not show postoperative complications and, over 8 months of monitoring after surgery, there was no recurrence of the neoplasm and the cow was in productive activity. Tumor fragments were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and sent for histopathological examination, which revealed a neoplasm of mesenchymal cells in the subcutaneous adipose tissue supported by dense fibrovascular stroma with solid arrangement. A large amount of dense connective tissue was found among the neoplastic cells. In view of these findings, the diagnosis of fibrolipoma was established. Discussion: Fibrolipoma is a benign neoplasm little described in the veterinary literature, especially in cattle, with only 3 cases reported. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first report of this neoplasm in the distal limb of cattle. Fibrolipomas are a rare type of lipoma formed by well-differentiated lipocytes and fibrous tissue. The fibrolipoma described in this report was 40 cm in diameter and weighed 10.4 kg, so it can be classified as a type of giant lipoma, as it was more than 10 cm in diameter and more than 1 kg in weight. In the present report and in others in the medical literature, surgical removal of the fibrolipoma resulted in complete recovery of the patient without postoperative complications. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice in these cases and usually promotes healing. However, surgery must be performed early and the neoplasm must be completely removed. The histological characteristics of the fibrolipoma in this case are similar to those found in other cases in cattle and corroborate the choice for surgical treatment and maintenance of the animal in the herd. Although rare, fibrolipomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of tumors of slow and expansive growth in cattle.(AU)

Tumor de células granulares pulmonar em um equino / Pulmonar granular cell tumor in a horse

Background: The occurrence of neoplasms in horses is relatively low. Granular cell tumor is a seldom diagnosed neoplasm, usually benign, of mesenchymal origin. Controversies exist regarding its origin, which is possibly from Schwann cells or cells with neuroendocrine differentiation. Despite being one of the main primary neoplasms in the lungs of horses, the number of cases is low in comparison to that of secondary lung tumors. Thus, this study proposes to report the anatomopathological aspects in a horse with granular cell tumor of primary pulmonary origin. Case: An 11-year-old female Quarter Horse breed underwent exploratory right lateral thoracotomy after presenting with chronic respiratory changes. During the operation, tumor masses were found in the right and left caudal pulmonary lobes. Due to the severity of clinical respiratory signs and the extent of the lesions, the animal was subjected to euthanasia and anatomopathological examination. Upon necroscopic examination, a tumor mass was found in the middle third of the left caudal lobe, rounded to flattened, measuring 10.0 × 8.0 cm in height and length, white in color, of firm consistency, smooth and regular surface and rising to the lung surface. When sectioned, the mass showed to be composed of multiple firm and dense circular lobes, separated by a thin layer of connective tissue. The tumor invaded the lumen of nearby segmental and subsegmental bronchi, which were partially or totally obstructed by the mass. In the right lung, multiple similar nodules were observed, accompanied by peritumoral hemorrhage. Histopathological analysis of the new formation revealed a dense cluster of cells that expanded over the lung parenchyma. The neoplastic cells were pleomorphic, moderately cohesive, without defined borders, with abundant cytoplasm, densely eosinophilic and finely granular. Intracytoplasmic granules were well evidenced by periodic acid Schiff staining (PAS). The cell nucleus was rounded to oval, excentric, markedly basophilic and with dense chromatin. There was moderate anisocytosis and mild anisokaryosis, with rare mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive staining for anti-vimentin and anti-S100 antibodies, confirming the diagnosis of granular cell tumor. Discussion: Granular cell tumors have no predisposition as to breed, sex or age. However, most of the described cases are reported in female horses aged around 13 years. The advanced age of the diagnosed animals may be related to late definitive diagnosis, since the clinical signs are nonspecific and treated palliatively like other respiratory diseases. Macroscopically, this tumor is more common in the multinodular form and, as observed in this case, it has a greater capacity for infiltration. Histologically, the visualization of large, polygonal cells, with a wide cytoplasm containing eosinophilic granules leads to the diagnosis of granular cell tumor. However, PAS staining and immunohistochemical tests were essential for the diagnostic conclusion in this report, confirming the presence of cytoplasmic granules and the mesenchymal and neuroectodermal origin of this neoplasm, respectively. Thus, considering the low occurrence of pulmonary granular cell tumor, the description of this case contributes to the basis of the knowledge of medical-veterinary professionals about this tumor in its clinical and diagnostic aspects.

Análises anatomopatológica e imuno- histoquímica do baço e linfonodo de cães soropositivos para leishmaniose em testes sorológicos / Anatomomopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the spleen and lymph node of dogs seropositives for leishmaniasis in serological tests

A leishmaniose canina (CanL) é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário da espécie Leishmania infantum. O baço e os linfonodos sofrem alterações morfológicas durante o CanL. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um estudo anatomopatológico e imuno-histoquímico desses órgãos em cães reativos para leishmaniose aos testes de Imunoensaio Cromatográfico “Dual Path Platform” (DPP®) e Ensaio de Imunoabsorção Enzimática (ELISA). Vinte e sete cães foram avaliados ao exame anatomopatológico, com 92,6% exibindo alterações à avaliação macroscópica, especialmente esplenomegalia e linfadenomegalia. Todos os cães apresentaram alterações no baço não relacionadas à carga parasitária, sendo a esplenite granulomatosa a alteração mais grave. Hiperplasia cortical e paracortical difusa e hiperplasia e hipertrofia dos cordões medulares foram observadas nos linfonodos. Formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. foram encontradas no baço e linfonodo às avaliações histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica, com boa concordância entre os métodos (k = 0,55, p = 0,00124), mas não foi observada diferença na intensidade parasitária entre esses órgãos à imuno-histoquímica (p = 0,23). Conclui-se que baço e linfonodo de cães reativos para leishmaniose aos testes DPP® e ELISA apresentam alterações histomorfológicas decorrentes da doença, independente da carga parasitária, assim como esses órgãos apresentam carga parasitária semelhante ao método imuno-histoquímico.

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan of the species Leishmania infantum. The spleen and lymph nodes undergo morphological changes during CanL. This research aimed to perform an anatomopathological and immunohistochemical study of these organs in dogs reactive to leishmaniasis in the Dual-path Platform chromatographic immunoassay (DPP®) and Enzyme Immunoabsorption Assay (ELISA). Twenty-seven dogs were evaluated for anatomopathological examination with 92.6% showing changes at gross evaluation, specially splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly. All dogs showed changes in the spleen unrelated to the parasitic load, with granulomatous splenitis being the most severe change. Diffuse cortical and paracortical hyperplasia, and hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the medullary cords were observed in the lymph node. Amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. were found in the spleen and lymph node at histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations, with good agreement between these evaluations (k = 0.55, p = 0.00124), but no difference was observed in the parasitic intensity of these organs at immunohistochemistry (p = 0.23). It was concluded that spleen and lymph node from dogs reactive to leishmaniasis on the DPP® and ELISA tests show histomorphological changes resulting from the disease, independent to the parasitic load, as well as these organs show similar parasitic load at immunohistochemical test.

Anatomomopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the spleen and lymph node of dogs seropositives for leishmaniasis in serological tests / Análises anatomopatológica e imuno-histoquímica do baço e linfonodo de cães soropositivos para leishmaniose em testes sorológicos

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan of the species Leishmania infantum. The spleen and lymph nodes undergo morphological changes during CanL. This research aimed to perform an anatomopathological and immunohistochemical study of these organs in dogs reactive to leishmaniasis in the Dual-path Platform chromatographic immunoassay (DPP®) and Enzyme Immunoabsorption Assay (ELISA). Twenty-seven dogs were evaluated for anatomopathological examination with 92.6% showing changes at gross evaluation, specially splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly. All dogs showed changes in the spleen unrelated to the parasitic load, with granulomatous splenitis being the most severe change. Diffuse cortical and paracortical hyperplasia, and hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the medullary cords were observed in the lymph node. Amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. were found in the spleen and lymph node at histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations, with good agreement between these evaluations (k = 0.55, p = 0.00124), but no difference was observed in the parasitic intensity of these organs at immunohistochemistry (p = 0.23). It was concluded that spleen and lymph node from dogs reactive to leishmaniasis on the DPP® and ELISA tests show histomorphological changes resulting from the disease, independent to the parasitic load, as well as these organs show similar parasitic load at immunohistochemical test.

A leishmaniose canina (CanL) é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário da espécie Leishmania infantum. O baço e os linfonodos sofrem alterações morfológicas durante o CanL. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um estudo anatomopatológico e imuno-histoquímico desses órgãos em cães reativos para leishmaniose aos testes de Imunoensaio Cromatográfico "Dual Path Platform" (DPP®) e Ensaio de Imunoabsorção Enzimática (ELISA). Vinte e sete cães foram avaliados ao exame anatomopatológico, com 92,6% exibindo alterações à avaliação macroscópica, especialmente esplenomegalia e linfadenomegalia. Todos os cães apresentaram alterações no baço não relacionadas à carga parasitária, sendo a esplenite granulomatosa a alteração mais grave. Hiperplasia cortical e paracortical difusa e hiperplasia e hipertrofia dos cordões medulares foram observadas nos linfonodos. Formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. foram encontradas no baço e linfonodo às avaliações histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica, com boa concordância entre os métodos (k = 0,55, p = 0,00124), mas não foi observada diferença na intensidade parasitária entre esses órgãos à imuno-histoquímica (p = 0,23). Conclui-se que baço e linfonodo de cães reativos para leishmaniose aos testes DPP® e ELISA apresentam alterações histomorfológicas decorrentes da doença, independente da carga parasitária, assim como esses órgãos apresentam carga parasitária semelhante ao método imuno-histoquímico.

Lipossarcoma pleomórfico esplênico primário em uma cadela / Primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a bitch

Background: Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of lipoblasts with low incidence in dogs, representing 1.7% of tumorsdiagnosed in the spleen. In veterinary medicine, this neoplasm is classified morphologically into the myxoid, well-differentiated, undifferentiated and pleomorphic subtypes, the latter being one of the most aggressive forms, mainly in cavityorgans. This report refers to a primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a female dog, addressing anatomopathologicaland immunohistochemical aspects.Case: A 14-year-old, 35 kg bitch mongrel with history of absence of defecation, progressive weight loss, difficulty walking, sensitivity to abdominal palpation, prostration, pale mucous membranes, tachypnea and abdominal distention waspresented to diagnosis. The condition evolved to death and, on necroscopy, there was an increase in splenic volume withneoformation of whitish and reddish color, measuring 32 × 27 cm in its largest axes and weighing 8.9 kg. The neoformationexhibited areas of firm and soft consistency, and sectioning revealed focal areas of extensive necrosis and cavity collectionsof different diameters that allowed the flow of liquid serous contents with a brownish red color. Microscopy showed cellsof neoplastic morphology infiltrating the splenic parenchyma, mostly with slightly acidophilic cytoplasm and few intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles, which varied in size and distribution. The nucleus of the cells was large, eccentric and irregular,with round to oval morphology, grossly lacy chromatin and single or multiple evident nucleoli. These cells exhibited markedanisocytosis, anisokaryosis and pleomorphism, with more than one mitotic figure per high magnification field visible. Mildinflammatory infiltrate, predominantly lymphocytic, permeated the neoplastic cells, and marked depletion of lymphoidfollicles and atrophy of the red pulp were found in the remaining splenic parenchyma. Immunohistochemical tests...

Lipossarcoma pleomórfico esplênico primário em uma cadela / Primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a bitch

Background: Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of lipoblasts with low incidence in dogs, representing 1.7% of tumorsdiagnosed in the spleen. In veterinary medicine, this neoplasm is classified morphologically into the myxoid, well-differentiated, undifferentiated and pleomorphic subtypes, the latter being one of the most aggressive forms, mainly in cavityorgans. This report refers to a primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a female dog, addressing anatomopathologicaland immunohistochemical aspects.Case: A 14-year-old, 35 kg bitch mongrel with history of absence of defecation, progressive weight loss, difficulty walking, sensitivity to abdominal palpation, prostration, pale mucous membranes, tachypnea and abdominal distention waspresented to diagnosis. The condition evolved to death and, on necroscopy, there was an increase in splenic volume withneoformation of whitish and reddish color, measuring 32 × 27 cm in its largest axes and weighing 8.9 kg. The neoformationexhibited areas of firm and soft consistency, and sectioning revealed focal areas of extensive necrosis and cavity collectionsof different diameters that allowed the flow of liquid serous contents with a brownish red color. Microscopy showed cellsof neoplastic morphology infiltrating the splenic parenchyma, mostly with slightly acidophilic cytoplasm and few intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles, which varied in size and distribution. The nucleus of the cells was large, eccentric and irregular,with round to oval morphology, grossly lacy chromatin and single or multiple evident nucleoli. These cells exhibited markedanisocytosis, anisokaryosis and pleomorphism, with more than one mitotic figure per high magnification field visible. Mildinflammatory infiltrate, predominantly lymphocytic, permeated the neoplastic cells, and marked depletion of lymphoidfollicles and atrophy of the red pulp were found in the remaining splenic parenchyma. Immunohistochemical tests...(AU)

Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica isolated from live birds at commercial resellers / Identificação e resistência a antimicrobianos de Salmonella enterica isoladas de aves vivas em revendas comerciais

The objective of this study was to investigate the sanitary and management characteristics of live-bird resellers as well as identify and undertake an antigenic characterization of Salmonella enterica and its sensitivity to antimicrobials. Structured questionnaires were applied and 627 samples were collected from the cages, consisting 209 samples of excreta, 209 of feed and 209 drinker swabs. These were processed by conventional bacteriology. The obtained isolates were subjected to the susceptibility test and to 12 antimicrobial tests by the disk diffusion method. Of the studied resellers, 91.7% house Gallus gallus domesticus, together with other animal species; sell birds with little zoosanitary documentation; have unsatisfactory active surveillance; and use and sell antimicrobials indiscriminately. The presence of Salmonella enterica was detected in 1.4% (9/627) of the samples analyzed in the cages, with 1.9% (4/209) found in excreta, 0.95% (2/209) in feed and in 1.4% (3/209) in drinker swabs. These were characterized antigenically as Salmonella Heidelberg, Gallinarum, Risen, Ndolo, Saint Paul, Mbandaka and subsp enterica O:6,7. When susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined, 44.4% resistance (4/9) was detected for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 33.3% (3/9) for enrofloxacin, 22.2% (2/9) for ciprofloxacin, ceftiofur and amoxicillin and 11.1% (1/9) for tetracycline and fosfomycin. Salmonella Heidelberg, as well as serovars Gallinarum, Risen, Saint Paul and Mbandaka, showed resistance to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and enrofloxacin were the antimicrobials that showed the least efficacy. Serovars such as Heidelberg, Gallinarum and Mbandaka have multiresistance to antimicrobials commonly used in human and veterinary medicine, implying potential risks to One Health.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho investigar as características sanitárias e de manejo das revendas de aves vivas, bem como a identificação e caracterização antigênica de Salmonella enterica e sua sensibilidade a antimicrobianos. Foram aplicados questionários estruturados, além de 627 amostras coletadas nas gaiolas, sendo 209 de excretas, 209 de ração e 209 suabes de bebedouros. Essas amostras foram processadas por bacteriologia convencional. Os isolados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste de suscetibilidade e a 12 antimicrobianos pelo método de difusão em disco. Verificou-se que 91,7% das revendas estudadas alojam Gallus gallus domesticus juntamente a outras espécies animais, comercializam aves com escassa documentação zoosanitária, a vigilância ativa é insatisfatória e utilizam e comercializam antimicrobianos de forma indiscriminada. Detectou-se a presença da Salmonella enterica em 1,4% (9/627) das amostras analisadas nas gaiolas, sendo 1,9% (4/209) em excretas, 0,95% (2/209) em ração e em 1,4% (3/209) em suabes de bebedouros, as quais foram caracterizadas, antigenicamente, como Salmonella Heidelberg, Gallinarum, Risen, Ndolo, Saint Paul, Mbandaka e subesp enterica O:6,7. Na determinação da suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos, obteve-se resistência de 44,4% (4/9) para Trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol, 33,3% (3/9) para enrofloxacina, 22,2% (2/9) para ciprofloxacina, ceftiofur, amoxicilina e 11,1% (1/9) para tetraciclina e fosfomicina. Salmonella Heidelberg, além dos sorovares Gallinarum, Risen, Saint Paul e Mbandaka, todos mostraram resistência a pelo menos um dos antimicrobianos testados. Trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol e enrofloxacina foram os antimicrobianos que apresentaram menor eficácia. Sorovares como Heidelberg, Gallinarum e Mbandaka apresentam multirresistência aos antimicrobianos de uso comum em medicina humana e veterinária, o que implica em riscos potenciais para saúde única.

Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica isolated from live birds at commercial resellers / Identificação e resistência a antimicrobianos de Salmonella enterica isoladas de aves vivas em revendas comerciais

The objective of this study was to investigate the sanitary and management characteristics of live-bird resellers as well as identify and undertake an antigenic characterization of Salmonella enterica and its sensitivity to antimicrobials. Structured questionnaires were applied and 627 samples were collected from the cages, consisting 209 samples of excreta, 209 of feed and 209 drinker swabs. These were processed by conventional bacteriology. The obtained isolates were subjected to the susceptibility test and to 12 antimicrobial tests by the disk diffusion method. Of the studied resellers, 91.7% house Gallus gallus domesticus, together with other animal species; sell birds with little zoosanitary documentation; have unsatisfactory active surveillance; and use and sell antimicrobials indiscriminately. The presence of Salmonella enterica was detected in 1.4% (9/627) of the samples analyzed in the cages, with 1.9% (4/209) found in excreta, 0.95% (2/209) in feed and in 1.4% (3/209) in drinker swabs. These were characterized antigenically as Salmonella Heidelberg, Gallinarum, Risen, Ndolo, Saint Paul, Mbandaka and subsp enterica O:6,7. When susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined, 44.4% resistance (4/9) was detected for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 33.3% (3/9) for enrofloxacin, 22.2% (2/9) for ciprofloxacin, ceftiofur and amoxicillin and 11.1% (1/9) for tetracycline and fosfomycin. Salmonella Heidelberg, as well as serovars Gallinarum, Risen, Saint Paul and Mbandaka, showed resistance to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and enrofloxacin were the antimicrobials that showed the least efficacy. Serovars such as Heidelberg, Gallinarum and Mbandaka have multiresistance to antimicrobials commonly used in human and veterinary medicine, implying potential risks to One Health.(AU)

Objetivou-se com este trabalho investigar as características sanitárias e de manejo das revendas de aves vivas, bem como a identificação e caracterização antigênica de Salmonella enterica e sua sensibilidade a antimicrobianos. Foram aplicados questionários estruturados, além de 627 amostras coletadas nas gaiolas, sendo 209 de excretas, 209 de ração e 209 suabes de bebedouros. Essas amostras foram processadas por bacteriologia convencional. Os isolados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste de suscetibilidade e a 12 antimicrobianos pelo método de difusão em disco. Verificou-se que 91,7% das revendas estudadas alojam Gallus gallus domesticus juntamente a outras espécies animais, comercializam aves com escassa documentação zoosanitária, a vigilância ativa é insatisfatória e utilizam e comercializam antimicrobianos de forma indiscriminada. Detectou-se a presença da Salmonella enterica em 1,4% (9/627) das amostras analisadas nas gaiolas, sendo 1,9% (4/209) em excretas, 0,95% (2/209) em ração e em 1,4% (3/209) em suabes de bebedouros, as quais foram caracterizadas, antigenicamente, como Salmonella Heidelberg, Gallinarum, Risen, Ndolo, Saint Paul, Mbandaka e subesp enterica O:6,7. Na determinação da suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos, obteve-se resistência de 44,4% (4/9) para Trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol, 33,3% (3/9) para enrofloxacina, 22,2% (2/9) para ciprofloxacina, ceftiofur, amoxicilina e 11,1% (1/9) para tetraciclina e fosfomicina. Salmonella Heidelberg, além dos sorovares Gallinarum, Risen, Saint Paul e Mbandaka, todos mostraram resistência a pelo menos um dos antimicrobianos testados. Trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol e enrofloxacina foram os antimicrobianos que apresentaram menor eficácia. Sorovares como Heidelberg, Gallinarum e Mbandaka apresentam multirresistência aos antimicrobianos de uso comum em medicina humana e veterinária, o que implica em riscos potenciais para saúde única.(AU)

Soroprevalência de herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 em fêmeas bovinas na microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois, Goiás, Brasil / Seroprevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in bovine females in the microregion of the Vale do Rio dos Bois, Goias, Brazil

Livestock is one of the main activities of the gross domestic Product (GDP), exercising a fundamental role in the land use and occupation process in Brazil. Infectious diseases, bacterial, viral or parasitic origin, may affect the reproductive system of both males and females, causing a series of problems of infertility with different levels of occurrence. One of the most important diseases that affect the reproductive sphere of viral origin and that have already been identified in cattle in Brazil the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). The aim of this work was to carry out an epidemiological study in the State of Goiás, specifically in the Vale do Rio dos Bois microregion (municipalities of Cezarina, Mairipotaba and Pontalina), detecting the presence of antibodies to the IBR, by vírusneutralização (VN). The properties studied were found a seroprevalence of 96.4% for neutralizing antibodies against IBR in bovine females over 24 months. The results found in this study showed that there is a high prevalence of infection for BoHV-1 at Vale do Rio dos Bois microregion. The data for these studies can serve as a base to plot strategies for the control of the disease, with the guidance of producers.

A pecuária constitui uma das principais atividades econômicas contribuintes para o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) brasileiro, exercendo papel fundamental no processo de uso e ocupação de terras no Brasil. Doenças infecciosas de origem bacteriana, viral ou parasitária podem afetar o sistema reprodutivo, tanto dos machos como das fêmeas, causando uma série de problemas de infertilidade nos rebanhos, com diferentes níveis de gravidade. Dentre as doenças mais importantes de origem viral que afetam a natureza reprodutiva e que já foram identificadas em bovinos no Brasil, destaca-se a Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR). O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo epidemiológico no estado de Goiás, especificamente na Microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois (municípios de Cezarina, Mairipotaba e Pontalina), detectando a presença de anticorpos contra a IBR pelo teste de vírus-neutralização (VN). Das propriedades estudadas, foi encontrada uma soroprevalência de 96,4% para anticorpos neutralizantes contra a IBR em fêmeas bovinas acima de 24 meses. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo demonstraram que há uma elevada taxa de prevalência da infecção por BoHV-1 na Microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois. Os dados deste estudo poderão servir de base para se traçarem estratégias para o controle da doença, com orientação aos produtores.

Soroprevalência de herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 em fêmeas bovinas na microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois, Goiás, Brasil / Seroprevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in bovine females in the microregion of the Vale do Rio dos Bois, Goias, Brazil

Livestock is one of the main activities of the gross domestic Product (GDP), exercising a fundamental role in the land use and occupation process in Brazil. Infectious diseases, bacterial, viral or parasitic origin, may affect the reproductive system of both males and females, causing a series of problems of infertility with different levels of occurrence. One of the most important diseases that affect the reproductive sphere of viral origin and that have already been identified in cattle in Brazil the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). The aim of this work was to carry out an epidemiological study in the State of Goiás, specifically in the Vale do Rio dos Bois microregion (municipalities of Cezarina, Mairipotaba and Pontalina), detecting the presence of antibodies to the IBR, by vírusneutralização (VN). The properties studied were found a seroprevalence of 96.4% for neutralizing antibodies against IBR in bovine females over 24 months. The results found in this study showed that there is a high prevalence of infection for BoHV-1 at Vale do Rio dos Bois microregion. The data for these studies can serve as a base to plot strategies for the control of the disease, with the guidance of producers.(AU)

A pecuária constitui uma das principais atividades econômicas contribuintes para o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) brasileiro, exercendo papel fundamental no processo de uso e ocupação de terras no Brasil. Doenças infecciosas de origem bacteriana, viral ou parasitária podem afetar o sistema reprodutivo, tanto dos machos como das fêmeas, causando uma série de problemas de infertilidade nos rebanhos, com diferentes níveis de gravidade. Dentre as doenças mais importantes de origem viral que afetam a natureza reprodutiva e que já foram identificadas em bovinos no Brasil, destaca-se a Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR). O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo epidemiológico no estado de Goiás, especificamente na Microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois (municípios de Cezarina, Mairipotaba e Pontalina), detectando a presença de anticorpos contra a IBR pelo teste de vírus-neutralização (VN). Das propriedades estudadas, foi encontrada uma soroprevalência de 96,4% para anticorpos neutralizantes contra a IBR em fêmeas bovinas acima de 24 meses. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo demonstraram que há uma elevada taxa de prevalência da infecção por BoHV-1 na Microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois. Os dados deste estudo poderão servir de base para se traçarem estratégias para o controle da doença, com orientação aos produtores.(AU)