Antibody prevalence of Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus in domestic cats from Araguaína, Tocantins, North Region of Brazil / Prevalência de anticorpos para Leptospira spp. e Brucella Abortus em gatos domésticos de Araguaína, Tocantins, Região Norte do Brasil

Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus are bacterial pathogens that can infect humans and animals. The present study aimed to detect anti-Leptospira and anti-B. abortus antibodies and verified the presence of factors associated with seropositivity in cats. One hundred and eighty serum samples were collected from domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) from the urban area of the municipality of Araguaína-Tocantins by phlebocentesis of the cephalic and jugular veins. The samples were subjected to detection of anti-Leptospira and anti-B.abortus antibodies, respectively, by microscopic seroagglutination and buffered acidified antigen testing, followed by confirmation by the 2-mercaptoethanol test and slow seroagglutination in tubes. Data from the epidemiological questionnaire (the age, sex, origin, breed, and presence of clinical signs) were analyzed using Epi Info® software with seropositivity data found to search for associated factors using the chi-square test. In the present study, the prevalence of Leptospira spp. was 5.56% (10/180). However, no sample was reactive to B. abortus. None of the studied variables were associated with seropositivity for the pathogens evaluated. Therefore, there is contact between Leptospira spp. and the feline population of the municipality, indicating the possibility of the circulation of pathogenic serovars and that the presence of anti-Leptospira antibodies does not depend on the variables analyzed.

Leptospira spp. e Brucella abortus são patógenos bacterianos que podem infectar humanos e animais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar anticorpos anti-Leptospira e anti-B.abortus e verificar a presença de fatores associados com a soropositividade em gatos. Foram coletadas 180 amostras de soro de gatos domésticos (Felis silvestris catus) da zona urbana do município de Araguaína-Tocantins por flebocentese das veias cefálica e jugular. As amostras foram submetidas à detecção de anticorpos anti-Leptospira e anti-B. abortus, respectivamente, por soroaglutinação microscópica e teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado, seguido de confirmação pelo teste de 2-mercaptoetanol e soroaglutinação lenta em tubos. Os dados do questionário epidemiológico (idade, sexo, procedência, raça e presença de sinais clínicos) foram analisados no software Epi Info® com os dados de soropositividade encontrados para pesquisa de fatores associados pelo teste do qui-quadrado. No presente estudo, a prevalência de Leptospira spp. foi de 5,56% (10/180). No entanto, nenhuma amostra foi reativa para B. abortus. Nenhuma das variáveis estudadas foi associada com a soropositividade para os patógenos avaliados. Portanto, há contato entre Leptospiraspp. e a população felina do município, indicando a possibilidade de circulação de sorovares patogênicos e que a presença de anticorpos anti-Leptospira independe das variáveis analisadas.

Antibody prevalence of Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus in domestic cats from Araguaína, Tocantins, North Region of Brazil / Prevalência de anticorpos para Leptospira spp. e Brucella Abortus em gatos domésticos de Araguaína, Tocantins, Região Norte do Brasil

Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus are bacterial pathogens that can infect humans and animals. The present study aimed to detect anti-Leptospira and anti-B. abortus antibodies and verified the presence of factors associated with seropositivity in cats. One hundred and eighty serum samples were collected from domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) from the urban area of the municipality of Araguaína-Tocantins by phlebocentesis of the cephalic and jugular veins. The samples were subjected to detection of anti-Leptospira and anti-B.abortus antibodies, respectively, by microscopic seroagglutination and buffered acidified antigen testing, followed by confirmation by the 2-mercaptoethanol test and slow seroagglutination in tubes. Data from the epidemiological questionnaire (the age, sex, origin, breed, and presence of clinical signs) were analyzed using Epi Info® software with seropositivity data found to search for associated factors using the chi-square test. In the present study, the prevalence of Leptospira spp. was 5.56% (10/180). However, no sample was reactive to B. abortus. None of the studied variables were associated with seropositivity for the pathogens evaluated. Therefore, there is contact between Leptospira spp. and the feline population of the municipality, indicating the possibility of the circulation of pathogenic serovars and that the presence of anti-Leptospira antibodies does not depend on the variables analyzed.(AU)

Leptospira spp. e Brucella abortus são patógenos bacterianos que podem infectar humanos e animais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar anticorpos anti-Leptospira e anti-B.abortus e verificar a presença de fatores associados com a soropositividade em gatos. Foram coletadas 180 amostras de soro de gatos domésticos (Felis silvestris catus) da zona urbana do município de Araguaína-Tocantins por flebocentese das veias cefálica e jugular. As amostras foram submetidas à detecção de anticorpos anti-Leptospira e anti-B. abortus, respectivamente, por soroaglutinação microscópica e teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado, seguido de confirmação pelo teste de 2-mercaptoetanol e soroaglutinação lenta em tubos. Os dados do questionário epidemiológico (idade, sexo, procedência, raça e presença de sinais clínicos) foram analisados no software Epi Info® com os dados de soropositividade encontrados para pesquisa de fatores associados pelo teste do qui-quadrado. No presente estudo, a prevalência de Leptospira spp. foi de 5,56% (10/180). No entanto, nenhuma amostra foi reativa para B. abortus. Nenhuma das variáveis estudadas foi associada com a soropositividade para os patógenos avaliados. Portanto, há contato entre Leptospiraspp. e a população felina do município, indicando a possibilidade de circulação de sorovares patogênicos e que a presença de anticorpos anti-Leptospira independe das variáveis analisadas.(AU)

Crude glycerin inclusion in Santa Inês ewes' diet before and during the breeding season: its effects on physiological parameters, hematological variables, and reproductive performance / Inclusão de glicerina bruta na dieta de ovelhas Santa Inês antes e durante a estação de monta: Seus efeitos nos parâmetros fisiológicos, variáveis hematológicas e desempenho reprodutivo

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of concentrate supplementation containing crude glycerin (CG) before and during the breeding season on the physiological and blood biochemical variables as well as on the reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes. A total of 24 ewes (12 pluriparous and 12 nulliparous ewes, 4 and 1.5 years old, weighing an average of 40 ± 5 and 27 ± 3 kg, respectively) were randomly assigned to three treatments consisting of different dietary concentrations of CG (0%, 5%, and 10 % of the total dry matter). The experiment lasted 63 days and was divided into three 21-day phases. In the first and second phases, the animals were subjected to flushing. In the second and third phases, we evaluated the animals' reproductive performance. Weather, physiological, and blood biochemical variables were also studied. The results indicated that the inclusion of CG did not influence significantly (P > 0.05) either the ewes' body weight or their body condition score. All ewes exhibited estrus during the breeding season. Their respiratory rate was significantly influenced by the time of day (P < 0.0001). A 10% CG supplementation did not drastically change the hematological and biochemical variables, which were within the reference ranges. However, the week of supplementation influenced sérum metabolites (P < 0.05). Thus, these results indicate that CG could be used in up to 10% in replacement of ground corn without significantly affecting the physiological, hematological, and biochemical parameters of the ewes or their reproductive performance before and during the breeding season.(AU)

Neste estudo, objetivamos avaliar o efeito da suplementação concentrada contendo glicerina bruta (GB) antes e durante a estação de monta sobre as variáveis bioquímicas e fisiológicas, bem como sobre o desempenho reprodutivo das ovelhas Santa Inês. Um total de 24 ovelhas (12 pluríparas e 12 nulíparas, de 4 e 1,5 anos de idade, pesando em média 40 ± 5 e 27 ± 3 kg, respectivamente) foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em três tratamentos constituídos por diferentes concentrações dietéticas de GB (0, 5 e 10% da matéria seca total). O experimento durou 63 dias e foi dividido em três fases de 21 dias. Na primeira e segunda fase, os animais foram submetidos ao flushing alimentar. Na segunda e terceira fase, avaliamos o desempenho reprodutivo dos animais. Variáveis climáticas, fisiológicas e bioquímicas sanguíneas também foram estudadas. Os resultados indicaram que a inclusão de GB não influenciou significativamente (P > 0,05) no peso corporal das ovelhas nem em seu escore de condição corporal. Todas as ovelhas exibiram estro durante a estação reprodutiva. A frequência respiratória foi significativamente influenciada pela hora do dia (P < 0,0001). Uma suplementação com 10% de GB não alterou drasticamente as variáveis hematológicas e bioquímicas, que estavam dentro do intervalo de referência. No entanto, a semana de suplementação influenciou os metabólitos séricos (P < 0,05). Sendo assim, esses resultados indicam que a GB pode ser utilizada em até 10% na substituição do milho moído, sem afetar significativamente os parâmetros fisiológicos, hematológicos e bioquímicos das ovelhas assim como o desempenho reprodutivo antes e durante a estação de monta.(AU)

Mucocele em cães: relato de caso / Mucocele in dogs: case report

Mucoceles are benign pseudocystic lesions caused by the rupture or obstruction of the salivary glands and their matching excretory ducts. This disease leads to the accumulation of mucus in the connective tissue. Affected patients may be asymptomatic or present anorexia, getting vulnerable to secondary diseases. The recommended treatment is the surgical removal of the salivary gland and the connection of the involved duct; this process is essencial to avoid recurrences and to provide a favorable prognosis to the patient. Due to the fact that it is an unusual occurrence in dogs, this work has as objective to present a case report about the mucocele’s appearence in such species, achieving the definitive diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration cytology of the affected area.

Mucocele em cães: relato de caso / Mucocele in dogs: case report

Mucoceles are benign pseudocystic lesions caused by the rupture or obstruction of the salivary glands and their matching excretory ducts. This disease leads to the accumulation of mucus in the connective tissue. Affected patients may be asymptomatic or present anorexia, getting vulnerable to secondary diseases. The recommended treatment is the surgical removal of the salivary gland and the connection of the involved duct; this process is essencial to avoid recurrences and to provide a favorable prognosis to the patient. Due to the fact that it is an unusual occurrence in dogs, this work has as objective to present a case report about the mucoceles appearence in such species, achieving the definitive diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration cytology of the affected area.(AU)

Anestesia em paciente oncológico submetido à mastectomia - relato de caso / Anesthesia in cancer patient undergoing to mastectomy - case report

The choice of the ideal anesthetic protocol must consider a number of factors, providing minimum anesthetic time, little cardiopulmonary depression and management of anesthesia must keep vital signs and physiological parameters monitored. Patients with neoplasia are even more important, because, normally, middle-aged or elderly animals show changes who qualified him as patients with risk category III or IV. The present study reports the case of a female dog SRD 10-year-old carrier of breast cancer submitted to unilateral mastectomy, highlighting the importance of the anesthetic protocol used.

Anestesia em paciente oncológico submetido à mastectomia - relato de caso / Anesthesia in cancer patient undergoing to mastectomy - case report

The choice of the ideal anesthetic protocol must consider a number of factors, providing minimum anesthetic time, little cardiopulmonary depression and management of anesthesia must keep vital signs and physiological parameters monitored. Patients with neoplasia are even more important, because, normally, middle-aged or elderly animals show changes who qualified him as patients with risk category III or IV. The present study reports the case of a female dog SRD 10-year-old carrier of breast cancer submitted to unilateral mastectomy, highlighting the importance of the anesthetic protocol used.(AU)

Uso de resíduo lipídico sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos de ovelhas deslanadas durante a estação de monta / Use of lipid residue on biochemical parameters of woolless sheep during the breeding season

The objective was evaluate inclusion of increasing levels of lipid residue in diet, replacing energysources commonly used in blood biochemical parameters of woolless sheep during the breeding season. Wasused 24 sheep, between 1 and 6 years old, with an average of 40 kg. The experiment lasted nine weeks. In firstsix weeks the sheep received flushing, where diets were formulated with increasing levels of lipid residue includereplacing corn and soybean meal, and (T1) without addition of waste, (T2) with 5% (T3 ) 10%. The blood serumchemistries for performing was collected once weekly throughout the trial period. The results of the biochemicalanalyzes of cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose showed no statistical difference. The increasing levels of lipidresidue in the diet did not change the blood biochemical parameters of woolless sheep during the breedingseason.(AU)

Uso de resíduo lipídico sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos de ovelhas deslanadas durante a estação de monta / Use of lipid residue on biochemical parameters of woolless sheep during the breeding season

The objective was evaluate inclusion of increasing levels of lipid residue in diet, replacing energysources commonly used in blood biochemical parameters of woolless sheep during the breeding season. Wasused 24 sheep, between 1 and 6 years old, with an average of 40 kg. The experiment lasted nine weeks. In firstsix weeks the sheep received flushing, where diets were formulated with increasing levels of lipid residue includereplacing corn and soybean meal, and (T1) without addition of waste, (T2) with 5% (T3 ) 10%. The blood serumchemistries for performing was collected once weekly throughout the trial period. The results of the biochemicalanalyzes of cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose showed no statistical difference. The increasing levels of lipidresidue in the diet did not change the blood biochemical parameters of woolless sheep during the breedingseason.

Proteinograma do líquido sinovial de equinos hígidosobtido por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida / Proteinogram of synovial liquid from healthy equines determined by means of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar o proteinograma do líquido sinovial de quarenta equinos hígidos. Após colheita, centrifugação e fracionamento das amostras, as proteínas de fase aguda foram separadas por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida, contendo SDS-PAGE, e suas concentrações determinadas por densitometria computadorizada. Foram encontradas 16 a 26 proteínas no fracionamento eletroforético, compeso molecular variando de 16 a 238.000 Daltons (Da). Os pesos moleculares encontrados, correspondentes às proteínas mais conhecidas, foram albumina, 63.000Da; ceruloplasmina, 113.000Da; transferrina, 80.000Da; haptoglobina, 40.000Da; -1-glicoproteínaácida, 37.000Da; IgA, 189.000Da e IgG, 74.000Da. O estabelecimento do proteinograma do líquido sinovial de equinos hígidos pode trazer contribuição significativa ao diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico de animais com alterações articulares.(AU)

The aim of this study was to determine the proteinogram of the proteins included in the synovial fluid of forty healthy horses. After collection, centrifugation and fractionation of the samples, the acute phase proteins were separated by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel containing SDS-PAGE, and their concentrations were determined by computerized densitometry. It was found 16 to 26 proteins on the electrophoretic fraction, with molecular weights from 16 to 238.000 Daltons (Da). The molecular weights found, corresponding to most known proteins were albumin, 63,000Da; ceruloplasmin, 113.000Da; transferrin, 80,000Da; haptoglobin, 40.000Da, -1-acid glycoprotein, 37.000Da; IgA, IgG and 189.000Da, 74.000Da. The knowledge proteinogram of synovial fluid of healthy horses can bring significant contribution to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of animals with articular changes.(AU)

Proteínas de fase aguda no soro sanguíneo e no líquido peritoneal de equinos submetidos à obstrução intestinal experimental

A síndrome cólica é uma das urgências mais frequentes na clínica de equinos. Os estágios iniciais da reação inflamatória incluem alterações denominadas resposta de fase aguda. Com o objetivo de avaliar esta resposta realizou-se o perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas e do líquido peritoneal de equinos submetidos obstrução intestinal experimental. Utilizaram-se 21 equinos, cuja obstrução intestinal foi instituída em segmentos de duodeno - GD (n=6), íleo - GI (n=6) ou cólon dorsal esquerdo - GM (n=6). Além disso, instituiu-se um grupo controle instrumentado - GC (n=3). As colheitas das amostras de sangue e de líquido peritoneal foram realizadas antes (T0), durante as obstruções (T1-T3) e, após as desobstruções (T4-T174). A proteína total foi determinada pelo método do biureto e as frações protéicas obtidas por eletroforese em SDS-PAGE identificaram as proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) IgA, ceruloplasmina, transferrina, albumina, IgG-CP, haptoglobina, alfa-1-glicoproteína ácida, IgG-CL e P24. Houve aumento nas concentrações sérica e peritoneal de todas as PFA nos quatro grupos. Os resultados foram associados à lesão entérica, resultante do modelo de obstrução e à laparotomia. O fracionamento eletroforético das PFA, no líquido peritoneal, foi padronizado de modo a estabelecer a curva padrão para equinos hígidos; ademais, verificou-se que o referido fracionamento protéico mostrou-se mais sensível e eficaz no diagnóstico de processos inflamatórios abdominais e, portanto, deve ser priorizado no monitoramento da evolução do processo de cura abdominal e no diagnóstico de complicações pós-operatórias em equinos com cólica

The colic syndrome is one of the most frequent urgencies in the clinic of horses. The initial stages of the inflammatory reaction include a series of modifications called the acute phase reaction. Aiming to evaluate this kind of reaction the electrophoretic profile of the serum proteins and peritoneal fluid of horses submitted to experimental obstruction of the intestine was performed. Twenty one horses were submitted to intestinal obstruction at the duodenal portion - GD (n=6), ileum GI (n=6) or dorsal left colon GM (n=6). A control group was also instituded - GC (n=3). The blood and peritoneal fluid samples were obtained before (T0), during the obstructions (T1-T3) and after the desobstructions (T4-T174). The total protein was determined by the biuret method and the protein fractions were obtained by electrophoresis in SDS-PAGE wich identified the acute phase proteins (APP) IgA, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, IgGCP, haptoglobin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, IgG-CL and P24. There was an elevation in all acute phase proteins studied in the serum and peritoneal fluid of all four groups observed. The results were associated to hepatic lesion due to the kind of experimental model of obstruction adopted and laparotomy. The electrophoretic fractioning of the APP in the peritoneal fluid was standardized to establish a standard curve to healthy horses. It was also verified that the protein fractioning showed to be more sensitive and efficient in the diagnosis of abdominal inflammatory processes therefore it should be prioritized in the monitoring of the process of abdominal healing evolution and in the diagnose of post-operative intercurrence in horses with colic