Fractal dimension in liver histological findings of Wistar rats experimentally intoxicated with venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus

Background: Accidents caused by venom of Crotalus durissus snakes, popularly known in Brazil as rattlesnake, aresecond in relation to the occurrence and first place in deaths in humans and animals, mainly due to the great neurotoxic,myotoxic, coagulant, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of their venom. The effects observed are due to the action ofthe main poison fractions and among them we can mention crotoxin (representing 50% of the total poison), crotamine,gyroxine and conxulxin. The present study aimed to analyze the liver of experimentally poisoned Wistar rats with venomof Crotalus durissus terrificus by means of histological and fractal analysis. The hypothesis is that the venom of Crotalusdurissus terrificus is can induce hepatic damage at the dose recommended in this study, that its alterations can be quantifiedby the fractal dimension and that the antiofidic serum botropic crotalic be able to minimize the hepatic lesions inducedby the venom.Materials, Methods & Results: Ninety rats were distributed into different groups and treated with: control group (GC, n= 30) 0.9% sodium chloride solution; venom group (GV, n = 30) crotalic venom at the dose of 1 mg/kg; (GVS, n = 30)crotalic venom at the dose of 1 mg/Kg and antiofidic serum 6 h after the application of the venom at the dose recommendedby the manufacturer. Liver samples were collected at 2 h (M1), 8 h (M2) and 24 h (M3) after venom administration andsubmitted to histological analysis and fractal dimension (DF) using the ImageJ® software and box-counting method. Procedures for collecting, processing and analyzing samples were standardized. For statistical analyzes, after the normalitywas verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test and homogeneity by the Bartlett test, the data were submitted to analysis of variance(ANOVA) with Duncan test contrast with a significance level of 5%. No significant lesions were observed in GC, howevernecrosis...(AU)

Levantamento de fauna silvestre no Terra Parque, município de Pirapozinho, estado de São Paulo / Lifting of wild fauna in the Terra Parque, municipality of Pirapozinho, state of São Paulo

O levantamento de fauna silvestre se baseia em uma série de observações, a fim de catalogar espécimes em dada região. Objetivou avaliar a diversidade de fauna no Resort “Terra Parque”, área com relevo colinoso e bioma de Mata Atlântica pertencente ao município de Pirapozinho–SP. A área local foi percorrida a pé, o monitoramento realizado foi utilizado 03 câmeras fotográficas automáticas com funcionamento ininterruptos, fixadas em árvores, registrando indivíduos em atividade diurna e noturna bem como observação direta para coleta dos dados de acordo com a existência de vestígios e pegadas. Os fragmentos do estudo foram divididos em 02 campanhas, cada uma com 05 dias consecutivos, na estação da primavera (outubro/2017) , perfazendo 10 dias com 240 horas de dados amostrais. Análises obtidas do processo de monitoramento foram descritivas. Identificados mamíferos através de vestígios e pegadas: Chrysocyon brachyurus, Cerdocyon thous e Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris; Câmera AF1 resultou nas imagens de répteis - Salvator merianaee mamíferos - Dasypus novemcinctus e Nasua nasua; Câmera AF2 resultou em mamífero - Leopardus pardalis. As armadilhas fixadas em pontos estratégicos de áreas tiveram indícios de ocorrência de mamíferos em contrapartida para répteis são de difícil amostragem, por serem animais inconspícuos. Porém, foram capturados. Ao término do monitoramento foram confeccionadas placas informativas quanto à taxonomia. Conclui-se a importância do monitoramento para identificação dos espécimes para maximizar os esforços de conservação a nível local, tratando-se de um estabelecimento turístico.

The survey of wildlife is based on a series of observations in order to catalog specimens in a given region. The objective was to evaluate the diversity of fauna in the "Terra Parque" Resort, an area with hilly relief and an Atlantic Forest biome belonging to Pirapozinho -SP. The local area was walked on foot, the monitoring was performed using 03 automatic cameras with uninterrupted operation, fixed in trees, recording individuals in day and night activity as well as direct observation to collect the data according to the existence of traces and footprints. The fragments of the study were divided in 02 campaigns, each with 05 consecutive days, in the spring season (October/2017), making 10 days with 240 hours of sample data. Analyzes obtained from the monitoring process were descriptive. Identified mammals through traces and footprints: Chrysocyon brachyurus, Cerdocyon thous and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris; AF1 camera resulted in images of reptiles - Salvator merianae and mammals - Dasypus novemcinctus and Nasua nasua; Camera AF2 resulted in mammal - Leopardus pardalis. The traps fixed at strategic points of areas had indications of occurrence of mammals in counterpart to reptiles are difficult to sample because they are inconspicuous animals. However, they were captured. At the end of the monitoring,information boards were elaborated regarding the taxonomy. The importance of monitoring for identification of specimens to maximize conservation efforts at the local level, as a tourist establishment, is concluded.

Fractal dimension in liver histological findings of Wistar rats experimentally intoxicated with venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus

Background: Accidents caused by venom of Crotalus durissus snakes, popularly known in Brazil as rattlesnake, aresecond in relation to the occurrence and first place in deaths in humans and animals, mainly due to the great neurotoxic,myotoxic, coagulant, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of their venom. The effects observed are due to the action ofthe main poison fractions and among them we can mention crotoxin (representing 50% of the total poison), crotamine,gyroxine and conxulxin. The present study aimed to analyze the liver of experimentally poisoned Wistar rats with venomof Crotalus durissus terrificus by means of histological and fractal analysis. The hypothesis is that the venom of Crotalusdurissus terrificus is can induce hepatic damage at the dose recommended in this study, that its alterations can be quantifiedby the fractal dimension and that the antiofidic serum botropic crotalic be able to minimize the hepatic lesions inducedby the venom.Materials, Methods & Results: Ninety rats were distributed into different groups and treated with: control group (GC, n= 30) 0.9% sodium chloride solution; venom group (GV, n = 30) crotalic venom at the dose of 1 mg/kg; (GVS, n = 30)crotalic venom at the dose of 1 mg/Kg and antiofidic serum 6 h after the application of the venom at the dose recommendedby the manufacturer. Liver samples were collected at 2 h (M1), 8 h (M2) and 24 h (M3) after venom administration andsubmitted to histological analysis and fractal dimension (DF) using the ImageJ® software and box-counting method. Procedures for collecting, processing and analyzing samples were standardized. For statistical analyzes, after the normalitywas verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test and homogeneity by the Bartlett test, the data were submitted to analysis of variance(ANOVA) with Duncan test contrast with a significance level of 5%. No significant lesions were observed in GC, howevernecrosis...

Levantamento de fauna silvestre no Terra Parque, município de Pirapozinho, estado de São Paulo / Lifting of wild fauna in the Terra Parque, municipality of Pirapozinho, state of São Paulo

O levantamento de fauna silvestre se baseia em uma série de observações, a fim de catalogar espécimes em dada região. Objetivou avaliar a diversidade de fauna no Resort “Terra Parque”, área com relevo colinoso e bioma de Mata Atlântica pertencente ao município de Pirapozinho–SP. A área local foi percorrida a pé, o monitoramento realizado foi utilizado 03 câmeras fotográficas automáticas com funcionamento ininterruptos, fixadas em árvores, registrando indivíduos em atividade diurna e noturna bem como observação direta para coleta dos dados de acordo com a existência de vestígios e pegadas. Os fragmentos do estudo foram divididos em 02 campanhas, cada uma com 05 dias consecutivos, na estação da primavera (outubro/2017) , perfazendo 10 dias com 240 horas de dados amostrais. Análises obtidas do processo de monitoramento foram descritivas. Identificados mamíferos através de vestígios e pegadas: Chrysocyon brachyurus, Cerdocyon thous e Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris; Câmera AF1 resultou nas imagens de répteis - Salvator merianaee mamíferos - Dasypus novemcinctus e Nasua nasua; Câmera AF2 resultou em mamífero - Leopardus pardalis. As armadilhas fixadas em pontos estratégicos de áreas tiveram indícios de ocorrência de mamíferos em contrapartida para répteis são de difícil amostragem, por serem animais inconspícuos. Porém, foram capturados. Ao término do monitoramento foram confeccionadas placas informativas quanto à taxonomia. Conclui-se a importância do monitoramento para identificação dos espécimes para maximizar os esforços de conservação a nível local, tratando-se de um estabelecimento turístico.(AU)

The survey of wildlife is based on a series of observations in order to catalog specimens in a given region. The objective was to evaluate the diversity of fauna in the "Terra Parque" Resort, an area with hilly relief and an Atlantic Forest biome belonging to Pirapozinho -SP. The local area was walked on foot, the monitoring was performed using 03 automatic cameras with uninterrupted operation, fixed in trees, recording individuals in day and night activity as well as direct observation to collect the data according to the existence of traces and footprints. The fragments of the study were divided in 02 campaigns, each with 05 consecutive days, in the spring season (October/2017), making 10 days with 240 hours of sample data. Analyzes obtained from the monitoring process were descriptive. Identified mammals through traces and footprints: Chrysocyon brachyurus, Cerdocyon thous and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris; AF1 camera resulted in images of reptiles - Salvator merianae and mammals - Dasypus novemcinctus and Nasua nasua; Camera AF2 resulted in mammal - Leopardus pardalis. The traps fixed at strategic points of areas had indications of occurrence of mammals in counterpart to reptiles are difficult to sample because they are inconspicuous animals. However, they were captured. At the end of the monitoring,information boards were elaborated regarding the taxonomy. The importance of monitoring for identification of specimens to maximize conservation efforts at the local level, as a tourist establishment, is concluded.(AU)

Laboratory evaluation and serum level of phenobarbital administered by different pathways in dogs / Avaliação laboratorial e nível sérico do fenobarbital administrado por diferentes vias em cão

Background: Anticonvulsants are widely used in the treatment of small animals for the remission of isolated seizures and recurrent seizures in epilepsy, including tonic-clonic seizures and in status epileticus. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for the management of epileptic seizures, it is considered very effective, safe, low cost and with few side effects. Several routes of administration may be used, with the oral, intravenous and intramuscular routes being the most common, with rectal and nasal routes being the least common.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty mongrel dogs were used in the present study (aged 1 to 6-year-old, males and females, weighing 6.0 to 17.0 kg). The patients were previously evaluated via physical examination, temperature, respiratory and heart rate, laboratory tests (erythrogram and leukogram), and serum biochemistry by analyzing the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (FA), and gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT). Four experimental groups were established with five animals in each group: animals receiving intramuscular injections of phenobarbital (VIM), animals receiving nasal administration of phenobarbital (VN), animals receiving rectal administration of phenobarbital (VR), and animals receiving oral administration of phenobarbital (VO). Phenobarbital was administered every 12 h for 15 days. To determine the serum level of phenobarbital, 5 mL of jugular vein blood was collected in vacuum tubes for evaluation via hemogram. The serum level was determined after 15 days of continuous administration of phenobarbital, as stable phenobarbital serum levels can only be achieved from 10 to 15 days after the first administration. For the serum biochemistry evaluation, 10 mL of blood from the jugular vein was collected using vacuum syringes for assessing ALT, AST, GGT, and FA levels.[...]

Laboratory evaluation and serum level of phenobarbital administered by different pathways in dogs / Avaliação laboratorial e nível sérico do fenobarbital administrado por diferentes vias em cão

Background: Anticonvulsants are widely used in the treatment of small animals for the remission of isolated seizures and recurrent seizures in epilepsy, including tonic-clonic seizures and in status epileticus. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for the management of epileptic seizures, it is considered very effective, safe, low cost and with few side effects. Several routes of administration may be used, with the oral, intravenous and intramuscular routes being the most common, with rectal and nasal routes being the least common.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty mongrel dogs were used in the present study (aged 1 to 6-year-old, males and females, weighing 6.0 to 17.0 kg). The patients were previously evaluated via physical examination, temperature, respiratory and heart rate, laboratory tests (erythrogram and leukogram), and serum biochemistry by analyzing the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (FA), and gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT). Four experimental groups were established with five animals in each group: animals receiving intramuscular injections of phenobarbital (VIM), animals receiving nasal administration of phenobarbital (VN), animals receiving rectal administration of phenobarbital (VR), and animals receiving oral administration of phenobarbital (VO). Phenobarbital was administered every 12 h for 15 days. To determine the serum level of phenobarbital, 5 mL of jugular vein blood was collected in vacuum tubes for evaluation via hemogram. The serum level was determined after 15 days of continuous administration of phenobarbital, as stable phenobarbital serum levels can only be achieved from 10 to 15 days after the first administration. For the serum biochemistry evaluation, 10 mL of blood from the jugular vein was collected using vacuum syringes for assessing ALT, AST, GGT, and FA levels.[...](AU)

Effects of Mikania glomerata leaf extract on experimental Bothropoides jararaca envenomation in Wistar rats

Background: Bothropic envenomation represents the most common ophidic accident worldwide, compared to other snakebites of medical interest. Bothropic venom has proteolytic, vasculotoxic, clotting and/or hemorrhagic actions in animals and humans. Mikania glomerata is a plant found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with interesting medical properties that may be useful in ameliorating the effects of ophidic venom, and thus, improving response and outcome. Although Mikania is known to act through inhibition of cytolysins in the venom, there is a lack of consistent research data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. glomerata in bothropic envenomation treatment. Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed following Bothropoides jararaca experimental envenomation in three groups of 18 Wistar rats each. Group VS was inoculated in the pelvic limb via intramuscular injection of bothropic venom and received specific anti-venom serum via intraperitoneal injection. Group VSM was similarly inoculated; it received anti-venom serum and a 10% aqueous extract of the Mikania glomerata plant orally. Group C was the control group and received saline solution alone. Evaluations were performed at 0.5 h (M1), 6 h (M2), and 24 h (M3) after venom inoculation. Animals from both inoculated groups (VS and VSM) showed significant clinical alterations (P < 0.05) manifested as discomfort, uneasiness, pain, and severe edema compared to control animals. Animals from inoculated groups also exhibited statistically significant leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatine kinase until 6 h after inoculation (P < 0.05 compared to control animals). An acute drop in body temperature was observed 6 h after inoculation (P < 0.05). [...](AU)

Effects of Mikania glomerata leaf extract on experimental Bothropoides jararaca envenomation in Wistar rats

Background: Bothropic envenomation represents the most common ophidic accident worldwide, compared to other snakebites of medical interest. Bothropic venom has proteolytic, vasculotoxic, clotting and/or hemorrhagic actions in animals and humans. Mikania glomerata is a plant found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with interesting medical properties that may be useful in ameliorating the effects of ophidic venom, and thus, improving response and outcome. Although Mikania is known to act through inhibition of cytolysins in the venom, there is a lack of consistent research data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. glomerata in bothropic envenomation treatment. Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed following Bothropoides jararaca experimental envenomation in three groups of 18 Wistar rats each. Group VS was inoculated in the pelvic limb via intramuscular injection of bothropic venom and received specific anti-venom serum via intraperitoneal injection. Group VSM was similarly inoculated; it received anti-venom serum and a 10% aqueous extract of the Mikania glomerata plant orally. Group C was the control group and received saline solution alone. Evaluations were performed at 0.5 h (M1), 6 h (M2), and 24 h (M3) after venom inoculation. Animals from both inoculated groups (VS and VSM) showed significant clinical alterations (P < 0.05) manifested as discomfort, uneasiness, pain, and severe edema compared to control animals. Animals from inoculated groups also exhibited statistically significant leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatine kinase until 6 h after inoculation (P < 0.05 compared to control animals). An acute drop in body temperature was observed 6 h after inoculation (P < 0.05). [...]

Collagen quantification in rabbit dermal wounds treated with heterologous platelet-rich plasma gel / Quantificação de colágenoem feridas dérmicas de coelhos tratados com plasma rico em plaquetas heterólogo gel

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been extensively studied as a biomaterial for wound treatment, and the heterologous PRP is usefulin the event that obtaining the patients own blood is impossible. This study aimed to evaluate and compare wound healing in rabbits and quantify the collagen in experimentally induced wounds in a control group and in a group treated with heterologous PRP gel. We hypothesize that this gelis capable of promoting proper healing with no adverse reactions, increased collagen content. The clinical aspects of coloring, edema, hyperemia, exudation, crust, granulation, pain sensitivity, and retraction index of the wounds were measuredon days 7, 14, and 17 after the injury. Collagen quantification by Picrosirius staining and evaluation under polarized light was performed on the 17th day. Crust was present in both groups at all evaluated time points, with the absence of other clinical signs. The wound contraction rate and collagen quantity did not differ between groups. In conclusion, the suggested hypothesis was partially confirmed; the heterologous PRP gel was unable to increase the amount of collagen and accelerate the wound healing process, however, wound healing was efficient and similar in both groups and there was no local adverse reaction. Thus, despite the scarcity of studies in the literature, the heterologous PRP gel is an effective alternative treatment for wounds in the absence of other sources of PRP.(AU)

O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) tem sido amplamente estudado como um biomaterial para o tratamento de feridas, sendo o produto de fonte heteróloga indicado na impossibilidade de obtenção do sangue do próprio paciente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, avaliar e comparar a cicatrização em coelhos, e quantificar o colágeno de feridas experimentalmente induzidas, denominadas controle e tratadas, com PRP heterólogo gel. A hipótese é que este produto seja capaz de promover cicatrização adequada sem reações adversas, e promova aumento do colágeno. Os aspectos clínicos cor, edema, hiperemia, exsudato, crosta, granulação, sensibilidade a dor e índice de retração das feridas foram avaliados nos dias 7, 14 e 17 após a lesão. A quantificação do colágeno, através da coloração com Picrosirius e avaliação sob luz polarizada, foi realizada no 17º dia. Houve presença de crosta nos dois grupos em todos os momentos avaliados, com ausência dos demais sinais clínicos. O percentual de contração da lesão e quantidade de colágeno não diferiu entre os grupos. Concluiu-se que a hipótese sugerida foi comprovada em partes, ou seja, o PRP heterólogo gel não foi capaz de aumentar a quantidade de colágeno e acelerar o processo de cicatrização tecidual, no entanto, a cicatrização foi eficiente e semelhante entre os dois grupos e não houve nenhum tipo de reação adversa local. Desta forma, apesar da escassez de estudos encontrados na literatura, o PRP heterólogo gel é uma alternativa de tratamento de feridas, na impossibilidade de uso de outras fontes de PRP.(AU)

Assessment of the healing of standardized wounds in rabbits treated serially with autologous platelet-rich plasma gel / Avaliação da reparação de feridas padronizadas em coelhos tratadas de forma seriada com plasma rico em plaquetas autólogo gel

Recent studies have been carried out to evaluate the role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the cicatrization of wounds; however, the protocols for treatment have been based on a single application of PRP. To evaluate the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma in gel form on the cicatrization of cutaneous wounds in vivo experimental model, wounds were induced in the dorsal areas of six New Zealand white rabbits with the aid of an 8-mm punch. The right side was used as a control (A) and treated with 0.9% NaCl, whereas the left side (B) was treated serially with the autologous platelet-rich plasma gel. Lesions were assessed over a 17-day period. At days 0, 10 and 17, the animals were evaluated and morphological and morphometric analyses of the wounds were performed. At day 17, a biopsy wasperformed for histopathological evaluation. Macroscopically, wounds treated with PRP showed better cicatrization and higher contraction percentages than the control wounds. Regarding the percentage of wound contraction, it was found that the average treated wound with autologous platelet-rich plasma gelwas 95% while with the control was 88%. We concluded that autologous platelet-rich plasma gel is effective and accelerates cicatrization when used serially in short intervals, thus confirming its therapeutic potential in cutaneous lesions and potential as an alternative wound treatment option.

Estudos recentes demonstram uma evolução do papel do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) na cicatrização de feridas. No entanto, os protocolos para tratamento baseiam-se em uma única aplicação do PRP. Para avaliar o efeito da aplicação seriada do plasma rico em plaquetas autólogo na forma gel sobre a cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em modelos experimentais in vivo, induziu-se feridas no dorso de seis coelhos brancos da raça Nova Zelândia com auxílio de um punch de 8mm. O lado direito foi considerado controle (A) e tratado com NaCl 0,9% e o lado esquerdo (B)e tratado com gel autólogo de plasma rico em plaquetas. As lesões foram avaliadas por um período de 17 dias. Nos dias 0, 10 e 17, as feridas foram avaliadas morfológica e morfometricamente. No 17º dia foi feita biópsia para avaliação histopatológica. Macroscopicamente, as feridas tratadas com PRP evidenciaram melhor cicatrização e maior porcentagem de contração quando comparadas as feridas controle. Com relação ao percentual de contração das feridas, verificou-se que a média das feridas tratadas com plasma rico em plaquetas autólogo gel foi de 95%, enquanto o lado controle foi de 88%. Concluiu-se que o PRP autólogo gel é eficaz e acelera o processo de cicatrização, quando aplicado em intervalos curtos e de forma seriada, comprovando seu potencial terapêutico sobre lesões cutâneas, podendo ainda ser uma alternativa de tratamento de feridas.

Assessment of the healing of standardized wounds in rabbits treated serially with autologous platelet-rich plasma gel / Avaliação da reparação de feridas padronizadas em coelhos tratadas de forma seriada com plasma rico em plaquetas autólogo gel

Recent studies have been carried out to evaluate the role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the cicatrization of wounds; however, the protocols for treatment have been based on a single application of PRP. To evaluate the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma in gel form on the cicatrization of cutaneous wounds in vivo experimental model, wounds were induced in the dorsal areas of six New Zealand white rabbits with the aid of an 8-mm punch. The right side was used as a control (A) and treated with 0.9% NaCl, whereas the left side (B) was treated serially with the autologous platelet-rich plasma gel. Lesions were assessed over a 17-day period. At days 0, 10 and 17, the animals were evaluated and morphological and morphometric analyses of the wounds were performed. At day 17, a biopsy wasperformed for histopathological evaluation. Macroscopically, wounds treated with PRP showed better cicatrization and higher contraction percentages than the control wounds. Regarding the percentage of wound contraction, it was found that the average treated wound with autologous platelet-rich plasma gelwas 95% while with the control was 88%. We concluded that autologous platelet-rich plasma gel is effective and accelerates cicatrization when used serially in short intervals, thus confirming its therapeutic potential in cutaneous lesions and potential as an alternative wound treatment option.(AU)

Estudos recentes demonstram uma evolução do papel do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) na cicatrização de feridas. No entanto, os protocolos para tratamento baseiam-se em uma única aplicação do PRP. Para avaliar o efeito da aplicação seriada do plasma rico em plaquetas autólogo na forma gel sobre a cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em modelos experimentais in vivo, induziu-se feridas no dorso de seis coelhos brancos da raça Nova Zelândia com auxílio de um punch de 8mm. O lado direito foi considerado controle (A) e tratado com NaCl 0,9% e o lado esquerdo (B)e tratado com gel autólogo de plasma rico em plaquetas. As lesões foram avaliadas por um período de 17 dias. Nos dias 0, 10 e 17, as feridas foram avaliadas morfológica e morfometricamente. No 17º dia foi feita biópsia para avaliação histopatológica. Macroscopicamente, as feridas tratadas com PRP evidenciaram melhor cicatrização e maior porcentagem de contração quando comparadas as feridas controle. Com relação ao percentual de contração das feridas, verificou-se que a média das feridas tratadas com plasma rico em plaquetas autólogo gel foi de 95%, enquanto o lado controle foi de 88%. Concluiu-se que o PRP autólogo gel é eficaz e acelera o processo de cicatrização, quando aplicado em intervalos curtos e de forma seriada, comprovando seu potencial terapêutico sobre lesões cutâneas, podendo ainda ser uma alternativa de tratamento de feridas.(AU)

Ingestão prolongada de chá branco nos parâmetros hematológicos de ratas Wistar / Chronic ingestion of white tea in the haematological parameters of Wistar rats

O chá branco é uma bebida saudável, porém esse chá pode interferir em vários fatores de crescimento envolvidos no metabolismo. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito do consumo prolongado de chá branco nos parâmetros hematológicos de ratas Wistar. Foram utilizados dois grupos de ratas: controle (n=30) que recebeu água e o grupo que recebeu apenas chá branco para beber (n=30). O experimento teve duração de 3 meses, ao final de cada mês, 10 ratas de cada grupo eram eutanasiadas e o sangue dos animais colhido para hemograma e bioquímica sérica. A análise estatística foi a ANOVA seguida do teste de Tukey e Teste T, foram consideradas diferenças estatísticas quando P<0,05. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos na contagem de células sanguíneas. Conclui-se que o chá branco não interfere nos parâmetros hematológicos de ratas Wistar.

The white tea in a healthy drink, but this tea can interfere in some growth factors involved in the metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this work was to verify the effect of the white tea chronic ingestion in the haematological parameters of female Wistar rats. There were utilized two groups of rats: control (n=30) that received water and the group that received only white tea to drink (n=30). The experiment lasts three months and in the end of each month, 10 rats of each group were euthanized and the blood of animals was collected for cell blood count. The statistical analysis was ANOVA tests followed of Tukey analysis and T tests, differences were consider when P<0,05. No one statistical difference was observed between the groups in the blood cell count. The conclusion is the white tea does not interfere in the haematological parameters of Wistar rats.

Ingestão prolongada de chá branco nos parâmetros hematológicos de ratas Wistar / Chronic ingestion of white tea in the haematological parameters of Wistar rats

O chá branco é uma bebida saudável, porém esse chá pode interferir em vários fatores de crescimento envolvidos no metabolismo. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito do consumo prolongado de chá branco nos parâmetros hematológicos de ratas Wistar. Foram utilizados dois grupos de ratas: controle (n=30) que recebeu água e o grupo que recebeu apenas chá branco para beber (n=30). O experimento teve duração de 3 meses, ao final de cada mês, 10 ratas de cada grupo eram eutanasiadas e o sangue dos animais colhido para hemograma e bioquímica sérica. A análise estatística foi a ANOVA seguida do teste de Tukey e Teste T, foram consideradas diferenças estatísticas quando P<0,05. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos na contagem de células sanguíneas. Conclui-se que o chá branco não interfere nos parâmetros hematológicos de ratas Wistar.(AU)

The white tea in a healthy drink, but this tea can interfere in some growth factors involved in the metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this work was to verify the effect of the white tea chronic ingestion in the haematological parameters of female Wistar rats. There were utilized two groups of rats: control (n=30) that received water and the group that received only white tea to drink (n=30). The experiment lasts three months and in the end of each month, 10 rats of each group were euthanized and the blood of animals was collected for cell blood count. The statistical analysis was ANOVA tests followed of Tukey analysis and T tests, differences were consider when P<0,05. No one statistical difference was observed between the groups in the blood cell count. The conclusion is the white tea does not interfere in the haematological parameters of Wistar rats.(AU)

Effects of heterologous platelet-rich plasma gel on standardized dermal wound healing in rabbits

PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential of heterologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel for surgical skin wound healing in rabbits METHODS: Blood from a single healthy dog was used for PRP production, with calcium gluconate added to the PRP to form the gel. Two surgical excisions, one to the right and the other to the left of the dorsal midline, were made in six rabbits. One side was randomly allocated to topical application of a physiological solution, and the other was allocated to treatment with heterologous PRP gel. Clinical assessments (weight, pain sensitivity, coloring, edema, hyperemia, exudation, crust, and granulation) and morphometric evaluations were performed 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 days postoperatively. Histological analysis was performed on the 17th day. RESULTS: With the exception of the presence of a crust at day 10, clinical variables did not differ significantly between the experimental groups. In both the control and PRP-treated groups, differences were identified when comparing time-points in terms of wound area reduction. Histological results indicated no significant differences between the control group and the PRP-treated group. CONCLUSION: Heterologous platelet-rich plasma gel promoted dermal wound healing in rabbits with no adverse effects.(AU)

Comparison of induction of Diabetes mellitus with alloxan in different doses in Wistar rats / Comparação da indução do Diabetes mellitus com aloxana em diferentes doses em ratas Wistar

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with hyperglycemia and caused by defect in insulin secretion. The search for better understanding of the mechanisms of induction of experimental diabetes and its complications is very important. The purpose of this study was to compare the induction of diabetes mellitus using alloxan 2% in Wistar rats at different doses. Doses of 120, 150, 200mg/kg alloxan 2% and control group were compared. Hyperglycemia and death were observed in all groups, but the higher glycemia and less percentage of death were significant at a dose of 120mg/kg. Glycosuria, polyuria and polydipsia were present in the animals of the three groups, but were significantly higher for G2 compared to other groups and weight loss was more intense in G1. Decreased urinary density was significant in G2 compared to G1 and G3 and there was an increase in urinary pH in all groups compared to control. Positive results for nitrite occurred in G2 and occult blood in the urine in all groups, with greater intensity for G1 followed by G2 and G3. Alloxan 2% intraperitoneally at the three doses used experimentally induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats. The dose of 120mg/kg was the most effective and induced disease in a greater number of animals and cause a lower incidence of death.

Diabetes mellitus é uma desordem metabólica associada com hiperglicemia e causada por defeito na secreção de insulina. A busca por melhor compreensão, dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos de indução experimental do diabetes e suas complicações é de grande importância. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a indução do diabetes mellitus, usando a aloxana a 2% em diferentes doses em ratas Wistar. Foram comparadas doses de 120, 150, 200mg/Kg de aloxana a 2% e grupo controle. Hiperglicemia e óbito foram observados nos três grupos, no entanto, a maior glicemia e menor percentual de óbito foram significativas utilizando a dose de 120mg/Kg. Glicosúria, poliúria e polidpsia estiveram presentes nos animais dos três grupos, mas foram significativamente maiores para o G2 comparado aos demais grupos e a perda de peso foi mais intensa no G1. Diminuição de densidade urinária foi significativa no G2 comparado ao G1 e G3 e houve aumento do pH urinário em todos os grupos comparado ao controle. Positividade para nitrito ocorreu no G2 e sangue oculto na urina em todos os grupos, com maior intensidade para o G1 seguido do G3 e G2. Aloxana a 2% nas três doses utilizadas induz experimentalmente o diabetes mellitus em ratas Wistar, sendo a dose de 120mg/kg a mais eficiente por induzir a doença em um maior número de animais e c ausar menor incidência de óbito.

Comparison of induction of Diabetes mellitus with alloxan in different doses in Wistar rats / Comparação da indução do Diabetes mellitus com aloxana em diferentes doses em ratas Wistar

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with hyperglycemia and caused by defect in insulin secretion. The search for better understanding of the mechanisms of induction of experimental diabetes and its complications is very important. The purpose of this study was to compare the induction of diabetes mellitus using alloxan 2% in Wistar rats at different doses. Doses of 120, 150, 200mg/kg alloxan 2% and control group were compared. Hyperglycemia and death were observed in all groups, but the higher glycemia and less percentage of death were significant at a dose of 120mg/kg. Glycosuria, polyuria and polydipsia were present in the animals of the three groups, but were significantly higher for G2 compared to other groups and weight loss was more intense in G1. Decreased urinary density was significant in G2 compared to G1 and G3 and there was an increase in urinary pH in all groups compared to control. Positive results for nitrite occurred in G2 and occult blood in the urine in all groups, with greater intensity for G1 followed by G2 and G3. Alloxan 2% intraperitoneally at the three doses used experimentally induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats. The dose of 120mg/kg was the most effective and induced disease in a greater number of animals and cause a lower incidence of death. (AU)

Diabetes mellitus é uma desordem metabólica associada com hiperglicemia e causada por defeito na secreção de insulina. A busca por melhor compreensão, dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos de indução experimental do diabetes e suas complicações é de grande importância. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a indução do diabetes mellitus, usando a aloxana a 2% em diferentes doses em ratas Wistar. Foram comparadas doses de 120, 150, 200mg/Kg de aloxana a 2% e grupo controle. Hiperglicemia e óbito foram observados nos três grupos, no entanto, a maior glicemia e menor percentual de óbito foram significativas utilizando a dose de 120mg/Kg. Glicosúria, poliúria e polidpsia estiveram presentes nos animais dos três grupos, mas foram significativamente maiores para o G2 comparado aos demais grupos e a perda de peso foi mais intensa no G1. Diminuição de densidade urinária foi significativa no G2 comparado ao G1 e G3 e houve aumento do pH urinário em todos os grupos comparado ao controle. Positividade para nitrito ocorreu no G2 e sangue oculto na urina em todos os grupos, com maior intensidade para o G1 seguido do G3 e G2. Aloxana a 2% nas três doses utilizadas induz experimentalmente o diabetes mellitus em ratas Wistar, sendo a dose de 120mg/kg a mais eficiente por induzir a doença em um maior número de animais e c ausar menor incidência de óbito.(AU)

Applicability of crystalline cellulose membrane in the treatment of skin wounds induced in Wistar rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the healing of skin wounds induced experimentally in rats using a crystalline cellulose membrane (Veloderm(r)). METHODS: Thirty-two rats were divided into two groups: control group (CG) wounds treated with a solution of 0.9% sodium chloride and Veloderm(r) group (VG) wounds treated with a crystalline cellulose membrane. The rats were evaluated at different times over twenty-six days. RESULTS: Weight loss was observed in the animals from both groups in the early stages, with greater weight in the VG animals at the end. Times of predominant hypothermia, pink color of the wound in both groups over all time points, increased granulation tissue in the CG animals, the presence of slight oozing from the wound and feature in the VG animals, more serous exudation of the bloody feature, greater wound contraction and pain in the CG animals and an absence of pain and earlier complete wound healing in the VG rats were also observed. CONCLUSION: The crystalline cellulose membrane is effective in the treatment of wounds in rats, easy to use, protects and maintains the humidity of the wound, decreases pain, eases the visualization and control of the evolution of the lesion. (AU)

Detecção de larvas de Toxocara canis em leite: um estudo experimental em coelhas / Detection of larvae of Toxocara canis in milk: an experimental study in rabbits

Toxocaríase, causada geralmente pelo Toxocara canis, é uma importante zoonose de distribuição mundial. Hospedeiros paratênicos têm sido utilizados para obtenção de informações sobre a transmissão de T. canis. A transmissão transmamária em murinos infectados experimentalmente foi observada com a recuperação de larvas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi de avaliar a possibilidade de transmissão transmamária de Toxocara canis em coelhos, pela detecção direta de larvas no leite. Dezessete coelhas (Nova Zelândia branca) púberes e virgens foram distribuídas em dois grupos. Doze fêmeas foram infectadas com 1000 ovos embrionados de T. canis (Grupo Infectado), por via oral, enquanto outras cinco coelhas foram mantidas sem infecção (Grupo Controle). Um mês após a inoculação, as coelhas foram acasaladas. Nos dias +7, +14 e +21 após o nascimento dos filhotes, foram coletados, por ordenha manual, 500μL de leite, em três lactações consecutivas. A recuperação de larvas foi determinada pelo uso da técnica de centrífugo-sedimentação com formol-éter. A técnica de ELISA foi empregada para confirmar a produção de anticorpos (IgG) anti-T. canis pelas fêmeas infectadas. Observou-se a presença de larvas em cinco das doze (41,7%) coelhas por amostra. As larvas foram recuperadas exclusivamente nos dias +7, +14 de lactação. A detecção foi observada em diferentes lactações. Não houve diferença significativa entre o número de larvas na mesma lactação ou entre as diferentes lactações. Anticorpos anti-T. canis foram detectados em todas as coelhas infectadas. Em conclusão, a presença de larvas no leite de coelhas sugere a possibilidade de transmissão lactogênica em hospedeiros paratênicos. Ademais, a técnica empregada no estudo permite a recuperação de larvas diretamente do leite.(AU)

Toxocariasis, caused most commonly by Toxocara canis, is an important cosmopolitan zoonosis. Paratenic hosts have been employed to provide knowledge regard to the transmission of toxocariasis. Transmammary transmission in murine experimentally infected was observed based on the recovery of larvae from the tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of transmammary transmission of Toxocara canis in rabbits by detecting larvae directly in milk. Seventeen sexually mature virgin white New Zealand female rabbits were divided into two groups. Twelve animals were orally inoculated with 1,000 T. canis embryonated eggs (infected group), and five animals remained uninfected (control group). One month following the infection, the females were mated. Manual collection of 500 μL of milk from each rabbit was performed on days +7, +14 and +21 of lactation for three consecutive lactations. The recovery of larvae was determined via a centrifuge-sedimentation technique using ether and formalin solutions. ELISA test was run to confirm the production of anti-T. canis antibodies (IgG) by infected rabbits. The presence of larvae was observed in milk samples from 5 (41.7%) of the 12 infected rabbits. The total number of recovered larvae was 20, ranging from 1 to 4 larvae per lactation/rabbit. Larvae were recovered exclusively on days 7 and 14 of lactation. Recovery was verified in different lactations. No significant difference was observed with respect to the number of larvae either in the same lactation period or in different lactation periods. Anti-T. canis antibodies were detected in all infected rabbits. In conclusion, the presence of larvae in rabbit milk samples suggests the possibility of galactogenic transmission of T. canis in paratenic hosts. Moreover, the technique employed in this study allows for the recovery of larvae directly from milk.(AU)

Manejo e perfil de cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Oeste Paulista e caracterização de seus proprietários / Management and profile of dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of the West Paulista and characterization of their owners

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o manejo e perfil de cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Oeste Paulista e caracterizar seus proprietários. Foi utilizado questionário específico buscando dados dos proprietários como: sexo e idade, e dados dos animais como: raça, idade, sexo, score corporal, alimentação, atividade física, local e frequência de banho, habitat, vermifugação, vacinação e níveis de glicemia. Os resultados foram apresentados na forma descritiva. Conclui-se que os proprietários que frequentam este Hospital Veterinário são na maioria do sexo feminino entre 20 e 39 anos de idade; são atendidos cães, a maioria é sem raça definida de dois meses a dois anos de idade, do sexo feminino, com score corporal ideal do ponto de vista dos proprietários; comem ração seca ou misturada à ração úmida e consomem petiscos; dormem fora de casa; a maioria pratica atividade física todos os dias, tomam banho em casa quinzenalmente, são vacinadas e vermifugadas regularmente e possuem glicemia dentro da normalidade.

This study aimed to verify the management and profile of dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of the West Paulista and characterized their owners. We used questionnaire data from owners seeking as sex and age, and animals as race, age, sex, body score, diet, physical activity, location and frequency of bathing, habitat, worming, vaccination and blood glucose levels. The results were presented in a descriptive way. It is concluded that the owners who attend this Veterinary Hospital are mostly females between 20 and 39 years of age; are treated dogs, most are breed from two months to two years old, female, with ideal body score from the viewpoint of the owners; eat dry food or mixed with moist food and eat snacks, sleep away from home, have physical activity every day, take a bath every two weeks at home, is vaccinated and wormed regularly and have blood glucose within normal limits.

Manejo e perfil de cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Oeste Paulista e caracterização de seus proprietários / Management and profile of dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of the West Paulista and characterization of their owners

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o manejo e perfil de cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Oeste Paulista e caracterizar seus proprietários. Foi utilizado questionário específico buscando dados dos proprietários como: sexo e idade, e dados dos animais como: raça, idade, sexo, score corporal, alimentação, atividade física, local e frequência de banho, habitat, vermifugação, vacinação e níveis de glicemia. Os resultados foram apresentados na forma descritiva. Conclui-se que os proprietários que frequentam este Hospital Veterinário são na maioria do sexo feminino entre 20 e 39 anos de idade; são atendidos cães, a maioria é sem raça definida de dois meses a dois anos de idade, do sexo feminino, com score corporal ideal do ponto de vista dos proprietários; comem ração seca ou misturada à ração úmida e consomem petiscos; dormem fora de casa; a maioria pratica atividade física todos os dias, tomam banho em casa quinzenalmente, são vacinadas e vermifugadas regularmente e possuem glicemia dentro da normalidade.(AU)

This study aimed to verify the management and profile of dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of the West Paulista and characterized their owners. We used questionnaire data from owners seeking as sex and age, and animals as race, age, sex, body score, diet, physical activity, location and frequency of bathing, habitat, worming, vaccination and blood glucose levels. The results were presented in a descriptive way. It is concluded that the owners who attend this Veterinary Hospital are mostly females between 20 and 39 years of age; are treated dogs, most are breed from two months to two years old, female, with ideal body score from the viewpoint of the owners; eat dry food or mixed with moist food and eat snacks, sleep away from home, have physical activity every day, take a bath every two weeks at home, is vaccinated and wormed regularly and have blood glucose within normal limits.(AU)