Investigation of Trichomonas gallinae in passerines / Investigação de Trichomonas gallinae em passeriformes

Trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan Trichomonas gallinae, has as main hosts birds of the Columbidae family, which have a high prevalence of the protozoan without manifesting the disease. The continuous growth of the pigeon population and its cosmopolitan nature mean that today there is a worldwide distribution of this species, being responsible for the distribution and maintenance of the prevalence of trichomoniasis in almost the entire world. The transmission of the disease may be by direct contact, or indirect, through food or water. This indirect route is the reason why such a wide range of bird orders can be infected, very different from columbids such as falconiformes, strigiformes, passerines, piciformes, psittaciformes, gruiformes, galliformes or anseriformes. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of T. gallinae in passerines received at a Wild Animal Screening Center. In order to carry out this study, 300 birds of the order Passerine corresponding to 23 different species were analyzed, received at the Wild Fauna Rehabilitation Center (NURFS) of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), in different seasons of the year between the months of March to October 2021. Samples of swabs from the oropharynx were collected from all individuals, the material was immediately placed in a falcon tube containing Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Maltose (TYM) culture medium and sent to the Laboratory of Protozoology and Entomology (LAPEn), for incubation in a bacteriological growth greenhouse and subsequent identification of the protozoan on a slide in wet mounting under an optical microscope in a 40X objective. Wet mounting on a slide was performed in triplicate and analyzed in its entirety. Of the 300 birds evaluated in in vitro culture for T. gallinae, 25 had inconclusive results and were submitted to PCR analysis, being negative for T. gallinae. Although no positive Passeriformes was found, the monitoring of the occurrence of this protozoan must continue, as it is known that it may easily cause a possible epidemic, leading to losses for the wild fauna that has endangered birds.

Tricomoníase, causada pelo protozoário Trichomonas gallinae, tem como principais hospedeiros aves da família Columbidae, que apresentam alta prevalência do protozoário sem manifestar a doença. O contínuo crescimento da população de pombos e sua natureza cosmopolita fazem com que hoje exista uma distribuição mundial desta espécie, sendo responsável pela distribuição e manutenção da prevalência da tricomoníase em quase todo o mundo. A transmissão da doença pode ser por contato direto, ou indireto, por meio de alimentos ou água. Essa rota indireta é a razão pela qual uma gama tão ampla de ordens de aves pode ser infectada, muito diferente dos columbídeos, como falconiformes, strigiformes, passeriformes, piciformes, psittaciformes, gruiformes, galliformes ou anseriformes. Desta forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a presença de T. gallinae em passeriformes recebidos em um Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres. Para a realização deste estudo foram analisados 300 aves por conveniência da ordem Passeriforme correpondente a 23 espécies diferentes recebidos no Núcleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestres (NURFS) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), em estações distintas do ano comprendidas entre os meses de março a outubro de 2021. De todos os indivíduos foram colhidas amostra de suabe da orofaringe, o material foi imediatamente acondicionado em tubo falcon contendo meio de cultura Tripticase-Yeast Extract-Maltose (TYM) e encaminhado ao Laboratório de Protozoologia e Entomologia (LAPEn), para incubação em estufa de crecimento bacteriologico e posterior identificação em lamina em montagem úmida no microscópio óptico em objetivo de 40X do protozoário. A montagem úmida em lamina, foi feita em triplicata e analisada em sua totalidade. Das 300 aves avaliadas no cultivo in vitro para T. gallinae, 25 tiveram resultado inconclusivo e foram sumetidas a análise de PCR, sendo negativas para T. gallinae. Embora não tenha sido encontrado nenhum Passeriformes positivo, o monitoramento da ocorrência desse protozoário deve continuar, pois sabe-se que ele pode causar uma possível epidemia facilmente, levando a perdas para a fauna silvestre que possuí aves ameaçadas de extinção.

Cryopreservation of Trichomonas gallinae trophozoites / Criopreservação de trofozoítos de Trichomonas gallinae

This study aimed at evaluating the viability of T. gallinae isolates with the use of cryoprotectants – DMSO, ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (GL) and propylene glycol (PG) in a freezer, in nitrogen and in an ultrafreezer, 120 days. Cryopreservation with GL, the freezing process was only viable in an ultrafreezer (20%). The use of DMSO led to viable trophozoites (40%) when freezing took place in an ultrafreezer and in nitrogen. Freezing was viable when both cryoprotectants EG (90%) and PG (80%) were used in an ultrafreezer and in nitrogen.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade de isolados de T. gallinae com o uso de crioprotetores - DMSO, etileno glicol (EG), glicerol (GL) e propileno glicol (PG) em freezer, nitrogênio e ultrafreezer, por 120 dias. Criopreservação com GL, o processo de congelamento só foi viável em um ultrafreezer (20%). O uso de DMSO levou a trofozoítos viáveis (40%) quando o congelamento ocorreu em um ultrafreezer e em nitrogênio. O congelamento foi viável quando ambos os crioprotetores, EG (90%) e PG (80%), foram utilizados em um ultrafreezer e em nitrogênio.

Cryopreservation of Trichomonas gallinae trophozoites

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade de isolados de T. gallinae com o uso de crioprotetores - DMSO, etileno glicol (EG), glicerol (GL) e propileno glicol (PG) em freezer, nitrogênio e ultrafreezer, por 120 dias. Criopreservação com GL, o processo de congelamento só foi viável em um ultrafreezer (20%). O uso de DMSO levou a trofozoítos viáveis (40%) quando o congelamento ocorreu em um ultrafreezer e em nitrogênio. O congelamento foi viável quando ambos os crioprotetores, EG (90%) e PG (80%), foram utilizados em um ultrafreezer e em nitrogênio.(AU)

This study aimed at evaluating the viability of T. gallinae isolates with the use of cryoprotectants DMSO, ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (GL) and propylene glycol (PG) in a freezer , in nitrogen and in an ultrafreezer, 120 days. Cryopreservation with GL, the freezing process was only viable in an ultrafreezer (20%). The use of DMSO led to viable trophozoites (40%) when freezing took place in an ultrafreezer and in nitrogen. Freezing was viable when both cryoprotectants EG (90%) and PG (80%) were used in an ultrafreezer and in nitrogen.(AU)

Cryopreservation of Trichomonas gallinae trophozoites / Criopreservação de trofozoítos de Trichomonas gallinae

This study aimed at evaluating the viability of T. gallinae isolates with the use of cryoprotectants DMSO, ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (GL) and propylene glycol (PG) in a freezer, in nitrogen and in an ultrafreezer, 120 days. Cryopreservation with GL, the freezing process was only viable in an ultrafreezer (20%). The use of DMSO led to viable trophozoites (40%) when freezing took place in an ultrafreezer and in nitrogen. Freezing was viable when both cryoprotectants EG (90%) and PG (80%) were used in an ultrafreezer and in nitrogen.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade de isolados de T. gallinae com o uso de crioprotetores - DMSO, etileno glicol (EG), glicerol (GL) e propileno glicol (PG) em freezer, nitrogênio e ultrafreezer, por 120 dias. Criopreservação com GL, o processo de congelamento só foi viável em um ultrafreezer (20%). O uso de DMSO levou a trofozoítos viáveis (40%) quando o congelamento ocorreu em um ultrafreezer e em nitrogênio. O congelamento foi viável quando ambos os crioprotetores, EG (90%) e PG (80%), foram utilizados em um ultrafreezer e em nitrogênio.(AU)

Cryopreservation of Trichomonas gallinae trophozoites

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade de isolados de T. gallinae com o uso de crioprotetores - DMSO, etileno glicol (EG), glicerol (GL) e propileno glicol (PG) em freezer, nitrogênio e ultrafreezer, por 120 dias. Criopreservação com GL, o processo de congelamento só foi viável em um ultrafreezer (20%). O uso de DMSO levou a trofozoítos viáveis (40%) quando o congelamento ocorreu em um ultrafreezer e em nitrogênio. O congelamento foi viável quando ambos os crioprotetores, EG (90%) e PG (80%), foram utilizados em um ultrafreezer e em nitrogênio.

This study aimed at evaluating the viability of T. gallinae isolates with the use of cryoprotectants – DMSO, ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (GL) and propylene glycol (PG) in a freezer , in nitrogen and in an ultrafreezer, 120 days. Cryopreservation with GL, the freezing process was only viable in an ultrafreezer (20%). The use of DMSO led to viable trophozoites (40%) when freezing took place in an ultrafreezer and in nitrogen. Freezing was viable when both cryoprotectants EG (90%) and PG (80%) were used in an ultrafreezer and in nitrogen.

Adapted Bailenger method improves the rate of Ascaris suum eggs recovery from liquid pig manure compost / Adaptações no método de Bailenger melhora taxa de recuperação de ovos de Ascaris suum em dejetos líquidos de suínos compostado

Liquid pig manure (LPM) is widely used as a compost fertilizer for vegetable crops destined for human consumption. However, these wastes may contain parasites eggs, such as the nematode Ascaris suum, that pose serious health risks to humans. We attempted to determine the most appropriate technique for recovering A. suum eggs from LPM compost. Samples were collected from two waste sources during composting, including 23 samples containing LPM, sawdust, and wood shavings, and 14 samples of LPM alone-both in triplicate. Samples were analyzed using several different recovery methods. Recovery of eggs by the modified Bailenger method with adaptations was significantly more effective and recovered 57% more eggs than by the modified Bailenger method alone. Willis-Mollay method, modified Faust method, and the simple sedimentation technique only recovered 4.4%, 13.9%, and 26% of eggs, respectively, compared with the modified Bailenger method with adaptations, indicating that the adjustments made to the Bailenger method were key to improving the recovery of A. suum eggs from compost and LPM.

Dejetos líquidos de suínos (DLS) são amplamente utilizado como adubo para as culturas vegetais destinados ao consumo humano. No entanto, estes resíduos podem conter os ovos de parasitas, tais como o nematoide Ascaris suum, que apresentam riscos graves para a saúde dos seres humanos. Neste estudo tentamos determinar a técnica mais apropriada para a recuperação de ovos de A. suum no composto de DLS e nos dejetos líquidos. Foram coletadas amostras de dois tratamentos destes resíduos, que consiste de 23 amostras de DLS + serragem + maravalha e 14 amostras de DLS sozinhos, todos em triplicata. Em ambos, dejetos líquidos e dejetos compostado foram analisados usando um método modificado Bailenger (BM), um método de Faust modificado (FM), o método de Willis-Mollay (WM), sedimentação simples (SS), e pelo método de Bailenger modificado com adaptações (BMA). A recuperação de ovos pelo Método BMA foi significativamente mais eficaz do que pela BM, com 57% mais ovos recuperados usando a técnica de BMA; além disso, o WM, FM, e o método SS recuperaram 4,4%, 13,9% e 26%, respectivamente, em comparação com o método BMA, indicando que os ajustes feitos com o método BM foram fundamentais para melhorar a recuperação de ovos de A. suum ovos em dejetos compostados e DLS puro.

Adapted Bailenger method improves the rate of Ascaris suum eggs recovery from liquid pig manure compost / Adaptações no método de Bailenger melhora taxa de recuperação de ovos de Ascaris suum em dejetos líquidos de suínos compostado

Liquid pig manure (LPM) is widely used as a compost fertilizer for vegetable crops destined for human consumption. However, these wastes may contain parasites eggs, such as the nematode Ascaris suum, that pose serious health risks to humans. We attempted to determine the most appropriate technique for recovering A. suum eggs from LPM compost. Samples were collected from two waste sources during composting, including 23 samples containing LPM, sawdust, and wood shavings, and 14 samples of LPM alone-both in triplicate. Samples were analyzed using several different recovery methods. Recovery of eggs by the modified Bailenger method with adaptations was significantly more effective and recovered 57% more eggs than by the modified Bailenger method alone. Willis-Mollay method, modified Faust method, and the simple sedimentation technique only recovered 4.4%, 13.9%, and 26% of eggs, respectively, compared with the modified Bailenger method with adaptations, indicating that the adjustments made to the Bailenger method were key to improving the recovery of A. suum eggs from compost and LPM.(AU)

Dejetos líquidos de suínos (DLS) são amplamente utilizado como adubo para as culturas vegetais destinados ao consumo humano. No entanto, estes resíduos podem conter os ovos de parasitas, tais como o nematoide Ascaris suum, que apresentam riscos graves para a saúde dos seres humanos. Neste estudo tentamos determinar a técnica mais apropriada para a recuperação de ovos de A. suum no composto de DLS e nos dejetos líquidos. Foram coletadas amostras de dois tratamentos destes resíduos, que consiste de 23 amostras de DLS + serragem + maravalha e 14 amostras de DLS sozinhos, todos em triplicata. Em ambos, dejetos líquidos e dejetos compostado foram analisados usando um método modificado Bailenger (BM), um método de Faust modificado (FM), o método de Willis-Mollay (WM), sedimentação simples (SS), e pelo método de Bailenger modificado com adaptações (BMA). A recuperação de ovos pelo Método BMA foi significativamente mais eficaz do que pela BM, com 57% mais ovos recuperados usando a técnica de BMA; além disso, o WM, FM, e o método SS recuperaram 4,4%, 13,9% e 26%, respectivamente, em comparação com o método BMA, indicando que os ajustes feitos com o método BM foram fundamentais para melhorar a recuperação de ovos de A. suum ovos em dejetos compostados e DLS puro.(AU)

Susceptibility of Trypanosoma evansi in the copaiba oil: in vitro test and in mice experimentally infected with the parasite

Background: Trypanosoma evansi is a flagellate which belongs to the salivate section, commonly observed parasitizing blood of equines, ruminants, pigs, dogs and wild animals in different regions of the world. It causes many losses to farmers due to death of animals and drug spending in endemic areas. The treatment of this disease in Brazil is only performed with diminazene aceturate; however it has been ineffective for many animals. During the last years many studies have been carried out with natural products such as the essential oils. Copaiba oil stands out due some properties described as anti-inflammatory, healing, antiedematogenic, antitumor, parasitic and antibacterial. Therefore, this study aimed to test, in vitro and in vivo, the susceptibility of T. evansi to copaiba oil. Materials, Methods & Results: The oils used in this study were obtained from Copaifera reticulata and Copaifera duckei trees, commonly found in the Tapajos National Forest. The procedure received authorization of IBAMA due the scientific purposes. This study identified three oils identified as copaiba 4-C (C. reticulata), copaiba 5-C (C. duckei) and copaiba 8-C (C. reticulata). The bioassay was performed in vitro using specific culture medium for T. evansi, previously described by Baltz, 1985. Copaiba oil was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and tested in three concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%) in culture medium containing the parasite. To the control test (without oil) the same volume of DMSO (10 µL) was added. Dimnazene aceturate was also used as a positive control at 0.5% of concentration. The counting of trypanosomes was performed in triplicate in a Neubauer chamber after 1, 3, and 6 hours after the experiment onset. For the tests in vivo, mice were infected (n = 40) and divided in 5 groups of 8 animals each. Group A consisted of healthy animals and Group B comprised animals infected with T. evansi and untreated. The other groups were infected and treated orally with oil of copaíba 4-C (Group C), copaiba 5-C (Group D) and copaiba 8-C (Group E), using a dose of 0.63 mL/kg/day for five consecutive days at intervals of 24 hours. In vitro tests with copaiba oil showed a reduction in the number of alive trypanosomes for the three tested concentrations, when compared to the control test after 1 and 3 h, similar to what occurred with testing aceturate. At 6 hours, it was not observed alive parasites in the test groups, differently from the control group which had an increase of trypanosomes compared to the time zero. The trypanocidal activity had a dose-dependent effect. In the in vivo experiment, the oil of copaiba administered orally had no curative efficacy for any of the groups; however group D treated with C. duckei showed prolonged longevity of the mice when compared to the groups B and C. Discussion: Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis have been challenged on their susceptibility to oil of copaiba, with obtention of trypanocidal and leishmanicidal effects, similar process thet occurred in this study with T. evansi. According to scientific literature the copaíba oil increases the membrane permeability, as well as provides the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane in parasite cells. A group of mice in this study showed prolonged longevity, showing that the variation of their compositions influence the trypanocidal effect. Based on these results it was concluded that the T. evansi may is susceptible to the oil of copaiba. Therefore, it can be natural product used as a new alternative and supplementar activity in the treatment of this protozoan, as have been suggested for leishmaniasis.

Parasitismo do ácaro Ornithonyssus bursa em humanos no Sul do Brasil / Infestation by Ornithonyssus bursa in humans in the Southern of Brazil

Background: The mite Ornithonyssus bursa is a bloodsucking parasite of domestic and wild birds and it is typical of tropical regions. On the host it can cause considerable loss of blood and lesions with intense itching. Cases of parasitism in human beings have been reported causing dermatitis, and most of these cases are due to the presence of nests of synanthropic birds near of the residences. When in large infestations or lack of hosts, the mites leave the nests to perform the parasitism in humans. Human infestation occurs mainly in people who handle infected birds and nests, or when happen the dispersion of these mites, through some path which lead to the interior of homes, factories and hospitals. Case: The present case occurred in November of 2008, when one of the dwellers of an apartment on the fourth floor of a building downtown in Santa Maria, woke up with pruritic lesions over the arms and legs. Upon inspection of the bedroom, several mites were seen, measuring almost a millimeter long, coming out of a pipe of a portable air conditioner installed on site. They were already scattered by the inside walls, floor and bed. The mites were collected and maintained in 70% alcohol for later identification. After the clarification the slides mounting were performed, and the mites with measure between 0.48 mm wide by 0.74 mm long were classified by the position of the anal opening, formed by the dorsal plate and three pairs of bristle on the sternal plate, as belonging to the species Ornithonyssus bursa. On external outlet of the air portable conditioner, a nest with a couple of birds and three cubs was found. The birds were identified as belonging to the species Myiodynastes maculatus, popularly known as brindle Bem-Te-Vi. The birds were removed from the place and treated with antiparasitic macrolactones to control the infestation. Discussion: In the present case report the O. bursa was found inside of an apartment in the downtown area, parasitizing birds which had their nest sheltered in the outlet air of a portable air conditioner. The presence of synanthropic bird brindle Bem-Te-Vi and the ease of access to the interior of the residence led to a home infestation of this ectoparasite. This fact may be happend due to the nesting of birds in urban buildings, seeking for a favorable environment for their survival, specially near of local that providing heat, like heaters, furnaces and hot water pipes. When the young birds parasitized by hematophagous leave the nests, the mites can cause the parasitism in humans mainly by food shortage. In the present study the occurrence of accidental home infestation and accidental parasitism in humans is related to the presence of many specimens of birds in the same nest, with offering of food and favorable environmental conditions for reproduction of the mites and their dissemination. Mite infestations in humans are characterized by erythematous papulovesicles distributed throughout the body, mainly on the limbs and chest. In this case report the parasitism caused erythematous lesions, especially in the arms with intense itching. The dermatitis produced by mesostigmatas hematophagous mites are not specific impeding the diagnosis, and may be confusing with other ectoparasites. For this reason the present diagnosis was performed by isolation and identification of the mite. Based on the description above it was possible to conclude that the bird Myiodynastes maculatus are parasitized by the mite Ornithonyssus bursa and its synanthropic habits allowed the infestation of mites in this residence.

Leptospirose e tritricomonose: isolamento em propriedade com problemas reprodutivos no sul do Brasil / Leptospirosis and tritrichomonosis: property in isolation with reproductive problems in southern Brazil / Leptospirosis y tritricomonosis: aislamiento en propiedad con problemas reproductivos en el sur de Brasil

O objetivo do estudo foi pesquisar quais os agentes etiológicos presentes em touros de duas propriedades rurais com elevados índices de repetição de cio. Da propriedade A foram analisados 23 touros, dos 58 integrados no rebanho, e na propriedade B foram analisados 15 reprodutores. Destes animais, foi colhido sangue para exame de leptospirose e realizado lavado prepucial para cultura de tritricomonose. Na propriedade A, em nenhuma das amostras avaliadas isolou-se trofozoítas de Tritrichomonas foetus. No soro de 15 touros (65,2%) testados para Leptospira foi verificada reação para um ou mais sorovares de L. hardjo, L. wolffi, L. icterohaemorrhagiae e L. butembo, em titulações que oscilaram entre 1/100 e 1/400. Na propriedade B não foi verificada titulação para leptospirose, mas em um dos animais isolaram e reproduziram trofozoìtas de T. foetus em laboratório. Do restante dos animais, cinco foram considerados suspeitos em microscópico óptico, não sendo confirmado o parasitismo em lâmina corada com Giemsa. Todos os bovinos da propriedade A foram submetidos ao tratamento com sulfato de estreptomicina em dose única de 25mg kg-1. O animal positivo para T. foetus foi descartado e os demais estão sendo monitorados mensalmente. Tanto Leptospirose como tritricomonose são enfermidades capazes de acarretar problemas reprodutivos em bovinos no sul do Brasil.(AU)

The aim of this study was to research the etiological agents present in bulls from a property with high estrus repetition rate. Twenty three out of 58 bulls in the property A and 15 of the property B were analyzed. Blood samples and preputial washes for leptospirosis and tritrichomonosis research were collected, respectively. In the property A, none of the evaluated animals showed the presence of Tritrichomonas foetus trophozoites, although 15 bulls (65,2%) tested for Leptospira reacted with one or more sorovars of L. hardjo, L. wolffi, L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. butembo with titles between 100 and 400. Animals from property B were negative for leptospirosis and the isolation and reproduction of T. foetus in laboratory was possible only in one animal. Five other animals were considered suspect in the direct smear technique, although they were negative in the Giemsa staining method. All animals from property A received a single dose of streptomycin sulfate (25mg kg-1) which drastically reduced the estrus repetition rate. The animal with tritrichomonosis was taken out of the herd and the others have been monitored monthly. Even leptospirosis as tritrichomonosis are diseases directly linked with reproductive problems in southern Brazil.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar cuales son los agentes etiológicos presentes en toros de dos propiedades rurales con elevados índices repetitivos de celo. De la propiedad “A” fueron analizados 23 toros, de los 58 que integran el rebaño, en la propiedad “B” fueron analizados 15 reproductores. De estos animales, se extrajo muestras de sangre para examen de leptospirosis y se realizó lavado prepucial para cultivo de tritricomonosis. En la propiedad “A”, en ninguna de las muestras evaluadas se aisló trofozoítos de Tritrichomonas foetus, ya en el suero de 15 toros (65,2%) testeados para Leptospira fue verificada reacción para uno o más sorovares de L. hardjo, L. wolffi, L. icterohaemorrhagiae y L. butembo en titulaciones que oscilaron entre 1/100 y 1/400. En la propiedad “B” no fue verificada titulación para leptospirosis, pero en uno de los animales se aisló y se reprodujeron trofozoítos de T. foetus en laboratorio. En los demás animales, cinco fueron considerados sospechosos en microscopio óptico, no siendo confirmado el parasitismo en lámina coloreada con Giemsa. Todos los bovinos de la propiedad A fueron sometidos al tratamiento con sulfato de estreptomicina en dosis única de 25mg kg-1. El animal positivo para T. foetus fue descartado y los demás están siendo monitoreados mensualmente. Tanto Leptospirosis como tritricomonosis son enfermedades capaces de provocar problemas reproductivos en bovinos en el sur de Brasil.(AU)

Parasitismo por Giardia sp. e Cryptosporidium sp. em Coendou villosus / Parasitism by Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. in Coendou villosus

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o possível parasitismo por Giardia sp. e Cryptosporidium sp. em amostras de fezes de ouriço-cacheiro (Coendou villosus). As amostras foram analisadas pelo método de centrífugo-flutuação com sulfato de zinco e apresentaram elevada infecção por cistos de Giardia sp. e por oocistos de Cryptosporidium sp., embora os animais não apresentassem sinal clínico decorrente disso.(AU)

This research was aimed at verifing the possible parasitism by Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. in porcupine (Coendou villosus) faeces samples. Samples were analyzed by the centrifugal-flotation method with zinc sulphate and showed high infection by cysts of Giardia sp. and by oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp., although the animals did not show any associated clinical sign.(AU)

Ocorrência de Giardia sp. e Cryptosporidium sp. em Leopardus weidii de vida livre / Occurrence of Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. in Leopardus weidii of wild life

Leopardus weiidi (gato-maracajá) é um mamífero neotropical de ampla distribuição no Brasil. No município de Cachoeira do Sul, RS, um exemplar foi capturado para tratamento, quando se coletou uma amostra de fezes, que foi analisada pelo método de centrífugo-flutuação com sulfato de zinco para pesquisa de parasitos. Foi observada elevada infecção por cistos de Giardia sp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium sp.. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que L. weeidi é hospedeiro desses protozoários.(AU)

Leopardus weiidi (gato-maracajá) is a neo-tropical mammal with has a wide distribution in Brazil. In the municipality of Cachoeira do Sul, RS, a fecal sample from a specimen captured for treatment was collected and analyzed by the centrifugal-flotation method with zinc sulfate for research of parasites. A large number of cysts of Giardia sp. and oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp. was observed. The results indicate that L. weeidi is a host of these protozoa.(AU)

Ocorrência de Eimeria ichiloensis em capivaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) de criatório / Ocurrencia de Eimeria ichiloensis en capibaras (Hidrochoerus hidrochaeris) de creación / Occurrence of Eimeria ichiloensis in capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) bred in farming

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o parasitismo por Eimeria ichiloensis em capivaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris). Foram analisadas 10 amostras de fezes de capivaras, provenientes de um criatório legalizado, onde eram criadas em ambiente com área de brejo e açude no município de Arroio do Meio, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As fezes foram analisadas através do método de centrífugo-flutuação com sulfato de zinco. Nas amostras, observou-se infecção leve por oocistos de E. ichiloensis, no entanto, os roedores não apresentaram sinais clínicos da enfermidade(AU)

This paper reports parasitism by Eimeria ichiloensis in capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris). Ten fecal samples of animals from a legal nursery were analyzed. The animals were created in an environment with swamp and dam in the municipality of Arroio do Meio, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Feces were analyzed by the zinc sulphate centrifugalflotation method. Mild infection by oocytes of E. ichiloensis was observed in the samples, although rodents presented no clinical signs of the disease(AU)

El objetivo de esta investigación fue relatar el parasitismo por Eimeria ichiloensis en capibaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). Fueron analizadas 10 muestras de excrementos de capibaras, provenientes de una creación legalizada, donde eran creadas en pantanos y represa en el municipio de Arroio do Meio, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los excrementos fueron analizados a través del método centrífugo fluctuación con sulfato de zinc. En las muestras, se observó infección leve por oocistos de E. ichiloensis, sin embargo, los roedores no presentaron señales clínicos de la enfermedad(AU)

Efficacy of drugs against Giardia muris in mice Mus musculus naturally infected / Eficácia de drogas contra Giardia muris em camundongos Mus musculus naturalmente infectados

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of metronidazole, fenbendazole and secnidazole against Giardia muris in mice naturally infected. Forty mice of the species Mus musculus were divided in four groups of ten each, being group A non treated, the control group and groups B, C and D treated with 4mg/ml of metronidazole, fenbendazole and secnidazole, respectively. Two feces collection, on day 0 and on day 10 after treatment, were done in order to evaluate the efficacy of the drugs. Samples were analyzed by the centrifugal-flotation method with zinc sulfate. Efficacy of 97,05% for metronidazole, 98,30% for fenbendazole and 100% for secnidazole were observed in the study. According to the results it was concluded that the tested drugs were effective for the treatment of mice parasitized by Giardia muris.

Este estudo visou avaliar a eficácia do metronidazol, fenbendazole e secnidazol contra Giardia muris em camundongos naturalmente infectados. Foram utilizados 40 camundongos da espécie Mus musculus divididos em quatro grupos de 10 animais cada, sendo grupo A, grupo controle, não tratados, e grupos B, C e D tratados com 4mg/ml de metronidazol, fenbendazole e secnidazol, respectivamente. Para avaliar a eficácia dos medicamentos foram realizadas duas coletas de fezes uma no dia zero e outra 10 dias após tratamento. As amostras foram processadas e analisadas a partir do método de centrífugo-flutuação com sulfato de zinco. No estudo observou-se eficácia de 97,05% para metronidazol, 98,30% para fenbendazole e 100% para secnidazol no tratamento de giardiase murina. Com base nos resultados concluí-se que as drogas testadas apresentaram eficácia no tratamento de camundongos parasitados por Giardia muris.