Production and quality of sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems

The objective of this study was to evaluate dry mass production, fermentative parameters and chemical and bromatological composition of sunflower silage and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of silage forage systems: sunflower monocropped; Paiaguas palisadegrass monocropped; sunflower row-intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; sunflower inter-row intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; and sunflower oversown and intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass, totalizing 20 experimental silos. Sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass were harvested at 110 days after planting at 20 cm from the soil for silage, using brush cutter. The silos were opened after 53 days of fermentation. The rows and inter-row intercropped systems contributed to increase the mass production of the ensiled material. The monocropped sunflower silage had higher values of pH, ethereal extract and acid detergent fiber and lower values of titratable acidity and dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility values. The silages of the sunflower intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in forage systems of crop-livestock integration presented better fermentative and bromatological characteristics, guaranteeing an adequate fermentative process and nutritional quality. In this way, the intercropping of these two forages potentiates the production of silage for feeding of ruminants during the period of forage shortage.(AU)

Production and quality of sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems

The objective of this study was to evaluate dry mass production, fermentative parameters and chemical and bromatological composition of sunflower silage and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of silage forage systems: sunflower monocropped; Paiaguas palisadegrass monocropped; sunflower row-intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; sunflower inter-row intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; and sunflower oversown and intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass, totalizing 20 experimental silos. Sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass were harvested at 110 days after planting at 20 cm from the soil for silage, using brush cutter. The silos were opened after 53 days of fermentation. The rows and inter-row intercropped systems contributed to increase the mass production of the ensiled material. The monocropped sunflower silage had higher values of pH, ethereal extract and acid detergent fiber and lower values of titratable acidity and dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility values. The silages of the sunflower intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in forage systems of crop-livestock integration presented better fermentative and bromatological characteristics, guaranteeing an adequate fermentative process and nutritional quality. In this way, the intercropping of these two forages potentiates the production of silage for feeding of ruminants during the period of forage shortage.

Extração de nutrientes pela fitomassa de cultivares de brachiaria brizantha sob doses de nitrogênio / Nutrient extraction by phytomass of cultivars of brachiaria brizantha fitomass under nitrogen doses

O fornecimento de nutrientes em quantidades adequadas e em proporções equilibradas é fundamental no processo produtivo das pastagens. Para o manejo da adubação, torna-se importante conhecer a necessidade de nutrientes das plantas forrageiras e, consequentemente, sua capacidade de extraí-los do solo. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a extração de nutrientes pela fitomassa de cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha sob doses de nitrogênio. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos completos ao acaso, com três repetições, em esquema de parcelas repetidas no tempo. Nas parcelas empregou-se o esquema fatorial 3 x 4, sendo três cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha (MG-4, Marandu e Xaraés) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100 e 150 mg.dm-3). No tempo foram alocados os três cortes de avaliação, referente às épocas dos cortes. Como fonte de nitrogênio utilizou-se a ureia. O capim-xaraés mostrou maior produtividade, quando comparado aos outros cultivares, sendo considerado mais responsivo à adubação nitrogenada. O efeito mais pronunciado sobre a produção de fitomassa dos cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha e extração dos nutrientes foi proporcionado pelas maiores doses de nitrogênio. A máxima extração de macronutrientes pelos cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha seguiu a ordem decrescente para os macronutrientes K > N > P > Mg.> S e micronutrientes Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu, sendo necessário repor os nutrientes do solo, com o aumento da adubação nitrogenada.

Adequate amounts and balanced proportions of nutrient supply is fundamental for the forage productive process. For the fertilization handling, forage plant nutrient requiriment must be known and, consequently, the plant capacity to extract soil nutrients. Therefore, the research had as objective to evaluate the nutrient extraction by Brachiaria brizantha phytomass under nitrogen doses. A randomized complete block experimental design with three replications in a plot repeated in time was used. In the plots, a factorial 3 x 4 arrangement was used, being three cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (MG-4, Marandu and Xaraés) and four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg.dm-3). Three cuts of evaluation were allocated in time, referring. to the time of cuts. The source of nitrogen used was urea. The sharpest treatment effects on phytomass production of Brachiaria brizantha cultivars and nutrient extraction were influenced by the highest nitrogen doses. Xaraés-grass showed greater productivity in relation to the other cultivars, being.considered more responsive to the nitrogen fertilization. The maximum macronutrient extraction by Brachiaria brizantha followed the decreasing.order for the macronutrients: K > N > P > Mg.> S and micronutrients: Mn > Faith > Zn > Cu, being. necessary to restore soil nutrients, with the increase of nitrogen.

Extração de nutrientes pela fitomassa de cultivares de brachiaria brizantha sob doses de nitrogênio / Nutrient extraction by phytomass of cultivars of brachiaria brizantha fitomass under nitrogen doses

O fornecimento de nutrientes em quantidades adequadas e em proporções equilibradas é fundamental no processo produtivo das pastagens. Para o manejo da adubação, torna-se importante conhecer a necessidade de nutrientes das plantas forrageiras e, consequentemente, sua capacidade de extraí-los do solo. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a extração de nutrientes pela fitomassa de cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha sob doses de nitrogênio. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos completos ao acaso, com três repetições, em esquema de parcelas repetidas no tempo. Nas parcelas empregou-se o esquema fatorial 3 x 4, sendo três cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha (MG-4, Marandu e Xaraés) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100 e 150 mg.dm-3). No tempo foram alocados os três cortes de avaliação, referente às épocas dos cortes. Como fonte de nitrogênio utilizou-se a ureia. O capim-xaraés mostrou maior produtividade, quando comparado aos outros cultivares, sendo considerado mais responsivo à adubação nitrogenada. O efeito mais pronunciado sobre a produção de fitomassa dos cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha e extração dos nutrientes foi proporcionado pelas maiores doses de nitrogênio. A máxima extração de macronutrientes pelos cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha seguiu a ordem decrescente para os macronutrientes K > N > P > Mg.> S e micronutrientes Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu, sendo necessário repor os nutrientes do solo, com o aumento da adubação nitrogenada.(AU)

Adequate amounts and balanced proportions of nutrient supply is fundamental for the forage productive process. For the fertilization handling, forage plant nutrient requiriment must be known and, consequently, the plant capacity to extract soil nutrients. Therefore, the research had as objective to evaluate the nutrient extraction by Brachiaria brizantha phytomass under nitrogen doses. A randomized complete block experimental design with three replications in a plot repeated in time was used. In the plots, a factorial 3 x 4 arrangement was used, being three cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (MG-4, Marandu and Xaraés) and four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg.dm-3). Three cuts of evaluation were allocated in time, referring. to the time of cuts. The source of nitrogen used was urea. The sharpest treatment effects on phytomass production of Brachiaria brizantha cultivars and nutrient extraction were influenced by the highest nitrogen doses. Xaraés-grass showed greater productivity in relation to the other cultivars, being.considered more responsive to the nitrogen fertilization. The maximum macronutrient extraction by Brachiaria brizantha followed the decreasing.order for the macronutrients: K > N > P > Mg.> S and micronutrients: Mn > Faith > Zn > Cu, being. necessary to restore soil nutrients, with the increase of nitrogen.(AU)

Extração de macronutrientes pela fitomassa do capim-xaraés "xaraés" em função de doses de nitrogênio e potássio / Macronutrient extraction by gross 'xaraés' biomass due to nitrogen and potassium rates

O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, na Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, com objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de N e K na produção de massa seca e extração de macronutrientes pela fitomassa do capim xaraés. O delineamento utilizado foi bloco ao acaso, com esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo quatro doses de Nitrogênio: 0; 25, 50 e 100mg dm-3, e quatro doses de Potássio: 0; 25, 50 e 100mg dm-3, com três repetições. Foram realizados três cortes de avaliação da forrageira. Todos os macronutrientes sofreram variações significativas em função das doses de Nitrogênio e Potássio aplicadas. O efeito mais pronunciado sobre a extração dos macronutrientes foi proporcionado pelas doses de Potássio. A ordem decrescente de extração para o capim-xaraés, considerando extração máxima de cada nutriente, foi: N = K > Ca > Mg > P > S. Contudo, sugerem-se estudos dessas variáveis, em condições de campo, de modo a se obter mais informações sobre esse cultivar para que as estratégias de manejo da cultura sejam mais eficientes.(AU)

The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Embrapa Arroz e Feijão station, with the objective of evaluating the extraction of macronutrients by the phytomass of Brachiaria brizantha cv. 'Xaraés'. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 4 x 4 (four rates of nitrogen aplication: 0; 25, 50 e 100mg dm-3, and four rates of potassium aplication: 0; 25, 50 e 100mg dm-3), with three repetitions. Three cuttings were performed with 30-day intervals, where the forage plant was cut at a height of 5cm from soil. All the nutrients underwent significant variations as related with the doses of N e K applied. In general, the most marked effect on the extraction of macronutrients was provided by the K rates. The decreasing order of macronutrient extration for capim-Xaraés, considering maximum extration of each nutrient, was: N = K > Ca > P > S. However, one suggests studies of these nutrients, in field conditions, in order to get more information on this forage plant so that the handling strategies one becomes more efficient.(AU)