Phylogeography of Oligosarcus acutirostris (Characiformes: Characidae): testing biogeographic hypotheses in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion

The Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion (NMAF) is recognized for the high degree of endemism of its ichthyofauna, whose evolutionary and biogeographic histories are still poorly understood. Oligosarcus acutirostris is a freshwater fish species endemic to the NMAF, which is distributed in coastal rivers and streams draining Bahia, Espírito Santo, and part of Minas Gerais states in eastern Brazil. Its widespread distribution in currently isolated river basins along the NMAF prompted this study, which aimed to understand what scenarios would be involved in determining its current distribution pattern, and to contribute to a better understanding of the biogeographic history of the NMAF. For this, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences were analyzed based on samples from different localities along the species distribution, including its type locality. Overall, phylogeographic analyses indicate a strong genetic structure within the species evidenced mainly by the non-sharing of haplotypes between most of the basins analyzed. According to the AMOVA results, the current distribution of haplotypes is better explained by the Pleistocene coastal paleodrainages. The results are also used to test and complement a biogeographic hypothesis previously proposed for the drainages of the NMAF.(AU)

A ecorregião de água doce Mata Atlântica Nordeste (NMAF) é reconhecida pelo alto grau de endemismo da sua ictiofauna, cujas histórias evolutiva e biogeográfica ainda são pouco compreendidas. Oligosarcus acutirostris é uma espécie de peixe de água doce endêmica da NMAF, que está distribuída em rios e riachos costeiros que drenam os estados da Bahia, Espírito Santo e parte de Minas Gerais, no leste do Brasil. Sua ampla distribuição em bacias atualmente isoladas ao longo da NMAF motivou este estudo, que teve como objetivos entender quais cenários estariam envolvidos na determinação do seu padrão atual de distribuição e contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da história biogeográfica da NMAF. Para isto, foram analisadas sequências de DNA nuclear e mitocondrial, a partir de amostras de diferentes localidades ao longo da distribuição da espécie, incluindo sua localidade tipo. No geral, as análises filogeográficas indicam forte estruturação genética na espécie, evidenciada principalmente pelo não compartilhamento de haplótipos entre a maioria das bacias analisadas. De acordo com os resultados da AMOVA, a distribuição atual dos haplótipos é melhor explicada pelas paleodrenagens costeiras do Pleistoceno. Os resultados obtidos também são utilizados para testar e complementar hipótese biogeográfica previamente proposta para as drenagens da NMAF.(AU)

A new sexually dichromatic miniature Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the rio Guaporé, rio Madeira basin, Brazil, with remarkable morphological novelties to the genus

A new miniature species of Characidium is described from the midde rio Guaporé, rio Madeira basin, Rondônia, Brazil. The new species can be readily distinguished from all congeners by the sexual dichromatism, with females having narrow dark bars on body absent in males, and by the presence, in both sexes, of a black midventral dashed line extending from area between contralateral pectoral fins to at least the anal-fin origin. It can also be diagnosed from congeners by having strongly tricuspid teeth, with well developed and similar sized cusps in the premaxilla and outer series of dentary, and short lateral line with 6­8 perforated scales. Morphological novelties to Characidium observed in the new species include a rounded process on the first pleural rib near the vertebra, three or four haemal spines of the first caudal vertebrae distinctly elongate, neural and haemal spines of the antepenultimate vertebra not reaching origins of dorsal and ventral procurrent rays nor the origin of the caudal-fin rays.(AU)

Uma nova espécie miniatura de Characidium é descrita do médio rio Guaporé, bacia do rio Madeira, Rondônia, Brasil. A nova espécie pode ser facilmente distinguida de todas as congêneres pelo dicromatismo sexual, com barras escuras estreitas no corpo das fêmeas ausentes nos machos, e por ter uma linha preta mediana ventral tracejada em ambos os sexos, que se estende da área entre as bases das nadadeiras peitorais até pelo menos a origem da nadadeira anal. A espécie também pode ser diagnosticada das congêneres por ter dentes fortemente tricúspides, com cúspides bem desenvolvidas e de tamanho semelhante no pré-maxilar e série externa do dentário, e linha lateral curta com 6­8 escamas perfuradas. Novidades morfológicas para Characidium observadas na nova espécie incluem presença de um processo arredondado na primeira costela pleural próximo à vértebra, três ou quatro espinhos hemais das primeiras vértebras caudais distintamente alongados, espinhos neurais e hemais da antepenúltima vértebra não atingindo as origens dos raios procorrentes dorsal e ventral, nem a origem dos raios da nadadeira caudal.(AU)

A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the rio Doce basin, Brazil

A new species of Characidium is described from the tributaries of the upper and middle rio Doce basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from most congeners, except C. cricarense, C. hasemani, C. helmeri, C. kalunga, C. pterostictum, C. schubarti, C. summus, and C. travassosi by lacking scales in the area between the anterior limit of the isthmus and the anterior margin of cleithrum. The new species differs from the aforementioned species by a series of characters, including the presence of the adipose fin, 2­-4 scales between the anus and anal fin, two rows of dentary teeth, presence of the parietal branch of the supraorbital canal, 4 scale rows above the lateral line, and absence of two conspicuous inclined dark bands on each caudal-fin lobe. The new species further differs from most congeners with an unscaled ventral surface of the isthmus by the presence of 33-34 pored scales on the lateral line and by the dark dashes on the caudal fin-rays not forming well-defined bands.(AU)

Uma nova espécie de Characidium é descrita de afluentes do alto e médio curso da bacia do rio Doce, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A nova espécie se distingue da maioria das congêneres, exceto C. cricarense, C. hasemani, C. helmeri, C. kalunga, C. pterostictum, C. schubarti, C. summus e C. travassosi pela falta de escamas na área entre o limite anterior do istmo e a margem anterior do cleitro. A nova espécie difere das espécies acima mencionadas por uma série de caracteres, incluindo a presença de nadadeira adiposa, 2-4 escamas entre o ânus e a nadadeira anal, duas séries de dentes no dentário, ramo parietal do canal supraorbital presente, 4 séries de escamas acima da linha lateral e ausência de duas bandas escuras inclinadas em cada lobo da nadadeira caudal. A nova espécie difere ainda mais da maioria das congêneres com superfície ventral sem escamas no istmo por ter 33-34 escamas perfuradas na linha lateral e traços escuros nos raios da nadadeira caudal não formando bandas bem definidas.(AU)

Continental fishes from the Tambaba Environmentally Protected Area, Paraíba State, Brazil

Tambaba environmentally protected area is situated on the south coast of Paraíba State, within the Atlantic forest biome of the northeastern region in Brazil. The Tambaba environmentally protected area consists of a series of independent drainages: Graú, Mucatú, and Bucatú river micro-basins, and Caboclo River sub-basin that belongs to Gurugi River micro-basin. Ichthyological samples were collected in five scientific expeditions between months of June and July in 2015. Twenty-nine sites from different habitats (e.g., spanning tributaries, streams, rivers, and estuaries) were accessed for sampling. A total of 44 species distributed within 38 genera, 25 families, and 17 orders were assigned to the Tambaba hydrographic region. Freshwater species comprised 36% (n = 16) and marine-estuarine species 64% (n = 28) of the total collected specimens. Two invasive species occur in the freshwater sites: Cichla monoculus and Poecilia reticulata. Cheirodon jaguaribensis, Cichlasoma orientale, and Crenicichla brasiliensis are endemic to the Brazilian Northeast region with the first species restricted to the Northeast Caatinga and Coastal drainages hydrographic ecoregion.

Continental fishes from the Tambaba Environmentally Protected Area, Paraíba State, Brazil

Tambaba environmentally protected area is situated on the south coast of Paraíba State, within the Atlantic forest biome of the northeastern region in Brazil. The Tambaba environmentally protected area consists of a series of independent drainages: Graú, Mucatú, and Bucatú river micro-basins, and Caboclo River sub-basin that belongs to Gurugi River micro-basin. Ichthyological samples were collected in five scientific expeditions between months of June and July in 2015. Twenty-nine sites from different habitats (e.g., spanning tributaries, streams, rivers, and estuaries) were accessed for sampling. A total of 44 species distributed within 38 genera, 25 families, and 17 orders were assigned to the Tambaba hydrographic region. Freshwater species comprised 36% (n = 16) and marine-estuarine species 64% (n = 28) of the total collected specimens. Two invasive species occur in the freshwater sites: Cichla monoculus and Poecilia reticulata. Cheirodon jaguaribensis, Cichlasoma orientale, and Crenicichla brasiliensis are endemic to the Brazilian Northeast region with the first species restricted to the Northeast Caatinga and Coastal drainages hydrographic ecoregion.(AU)