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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to assess systemic and neurotoxic changes following an epidural administration of meloxicamin to rabbits. Twelve adult rabbits four males and eight females; average mass, 1.9 ± 0.1kg were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (GC), which received a single dose of 0.9% NaCl epidurally in a volume of 0.3mL kg-1and a meloxicam group (GM), which received 0.2mg kg-1 meloxicam epidurally along with 0.9% NaCl in a total volume of 0.3mL kg-1. Heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and neurological abnormalities were assessed prior to administration of anesthesia (H0), 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24h following epidural puncture (H1, H2, H3, H6, H12, and H24, respectively), and every 24h afterward for 10 days after epidural puncture (D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, and D10). The surface temperature of lumbosacral region was also measured at H0, H1, H6, H12, H24, D5 and D10. Three animals from each group were euthanized on days 15 and 30 after epidural puncture to assess possible spinal injuries. Variances observed in physiological parameters were not suggestive of adverse effects of meloxicam, as all were within the reference standards, and there were no physical or behavioral changes observed. Neurological function was similar between groups, with only difference between baseline values and values 1h after epidural administration in both groups. There were no histopathological changes in the GM group, and only one animal showed discrete lymphocytic infiltrate. Epidural lumbosacral administration of meloxicam at a dose of 0.2mg kg-1 caused no significant systemic or neurotoxic effects in rabbits.
RESUMO: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as alterações sistêmicas e neurotóxicas promovidas pelo meloxicam, administrado por via epidural, em coelhos. Foram utilizados 12 coelhos adultos, quatro machos e oito fêmeas, pensando em média 1,9 ± 0,1kg. Os animais foram divididos equitativa e aleatoriamente em dois grupos, os quais receberam dose única de solução de NaCl 0,9% no volume de 0,3mL kg-1, por via epidural (grupo controle - GC) ou meloxicam (0,2mg kg-1) associado à solução de NaCl 0,9%, compondo um volume total de 0,3mL kg-1 (grupo meloxicam - GM). Avaliaram-se frequências cardíaca e respiratória, temperatura corporal e alterações neurológicas, antes da administração da anestesia (H0), uma, duas, três, seis, 12 e 24 horas após a punção epidural (H1, H2, H3, H6, H12 e H24, respectivamente) e a cada 24 horas após o H24, até o 10º dia após a punção epidural (D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9 e D10). Mensurou-se ainda a temperatura superficial da região lombossacra em H0, H1, H6, H12, H24, D5 e D10. Realizou-se eutanásia em três animais de cada grupo no 15o e no 30o dia após o início do experimento, para avaliação das possíveis lesões medulares. As variâncias observadas nos parâmetros fisiológicos não foram sugestivas de efeito adverso do meloxicam, pois estiveram dentro do padrão de referência e não houve alterações físicas ou comportamentais. O exame neurológico se mostrou semelhante entre os grupos, havendo diferença apenas entre a avaliação inicial e uma hora após a epidural em ambos os grupos. Na histopatologia não houve alterações no GM e apenas um animal do GC apresentou discreto infiltrado linfoplasmocitário. A administração epidural lombossacra de meloxicam, na dose de 0,2mg kg-1, não causa efeitos sistêmicos e neurotóxicos significativos, em coelhos.
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Background: Cervical fractures in dogs occur most commonly in the cranial region, mostly requiring surgery. Various types of implants are being used while fi xation using plate is poorly described in the literature. The plate and screw types are a limiting factor since they can lead to loss of stability due to loosening of the screws. The use of locking plates has been advocated, which does not allow movement between the screw-plate-bone, providing extreme stability and rigidity to the system. This study describes the use of locking bone plate to stabilize axis fracture in a dog and the results obtained with this technique.Case: A 9-month-old male Poodle presented due to a history of trauma to the cervical spine caused by a fall of an object. Upon physical examination, the patient was alert and physiological parameters within the normal reference limits. However, neurological examination showed tetraplegia, hyperrefl exia, preserved nociception and much cervical pain. There were no changes in the cranial nerves test. Cranial cervical lesion was initially suspected and the patient was rigidly fi xed on a flat surface. The radiographic examination showed a fracture of the second cervical vertebra (axis) with anatomical axis deviation, and the patient was referred for surgery. After anesthesia, the dog was positioned dorsal decubitus and rigidly fixed on the operating table with t
Background: Cervical fractures in dogs occur most commonly in the cranial region, mostly requiring surgery. Various types of implants are being used while fi xation using plate is poorly described in the literature. The plate and screw types are a limiting factor since they can lead to loss of stability due to loosening of the screws. The use of locking plates has been advocated, which does not allow movement between the screw-plate-bone, providing extreme stability and rigidity to the system. This study describes the use of locking bone plate to stabilize axis fracture in a dog and the results obtained with this technique.Case: A 9-month-old male Poodle presented due to a history of trauma to the cervical spine caused by a fall of an object. Upon physical examination, the patient was alert and physiological parameters within the normal reference limits. However, neurological examination showed tetraplegia, hyperrefl exia, preserved nociception and much cervical pain. There were no changes in the cranial nerves test. Cranial cervical lesion was initially suspected and the patient was rigidly fi xed on a flat surface. The radiographic examination showed a fracture of the second cervical vertebra (axis) with anatomical axis deviation, and the patient was referred for surgery. After anesthesia, the dog was positioned dorsal decubitus and rigidly fixed on the operating table with t
Resumo
Background: Cervical fractures in dogs occur most commonly in the cranial region, mostly requiring surgery. Various types of implants are being used while fi xation using plate is poorly described in the literature. The plate and screw types are a limiting factor since they can lead to loss of stability due to loosening of the screws. The use of locking plates has been advocated, which does not allow movement between the screw-plate-bone, providing extreme stability and rigidity to the system. This study describes the use of locking bone plate to stabilize axis fracture in a dog and the results obtained with this technique.Case: A 9-month-old male Poodle presented due to a history of trauma to the cervical spine caused by a fall of an object. Upon physical examination, the patient was alert and physiological parameters within the normal reference limits. However, neurological examination showed tetraplegia, hyperrefl exia, preserved nociception and much cervical pain. There were no changes in the cranial nerves test. Cranial cervical lesion was initially suspected and the patient was rigidly fi xed on a flat surface. The radiographic examination showed a fracture of the second cervical vertebra (axis) with anatomical axis deviation, and the patient was referred for surgery. After anesthesia, the dog was positioned dorsal decubitus and rigidly fixed on the operating table with t
Background: Cervical fractures in dogs occur most commonly in the cranial region, mostly requiring surgery. Various types of implants are being used while fi xation using plate is poorly described in the literature. The plate and screw types are a limiting factor since they can lead to loss of stability due to loosening of the screws. The use of locking plates has been advocated, which does not allow movement between the screw-plate-bone, providing extreme stability and rigidity to the system. This study describes the use of locking bone plate to stabilize axis fracture in a dog and the results obtained with this technique.Case: A 9-month-old male Poodle presented due to a history of trauma to the cervical spine caused by a fall of an object. Upon physical examination, the patient was alert and physiological parameters within the normal reference limits. However, neurological examination showed tetraplegia, hyperrefl exia, preserved nociception and much cervical pain. There were no changes in the cranial nerves test. Cranial cervical lesion was initially suspected and the patient was rigidly fi xed on a flat surface. The radiographic examination showed a fracture of the second cervical vertebra (axis) with anatomical axis deviation, and the patient was referred for surgery. After anesthesia, the dog was positioned dorsal decubitus and rigidly fixed on the operating table with t
Resumo
The remaining ovary syndrome is characterized by incomplete removal of the ovaries during castration, when the remaining tissue becomes functional. Although been already described in cats, its incidence is lower in these animals when compared to humans. This study aimed to report, in a feline, a case of remaining ovary syndrome. A one-year-and-seven-month-old cat had undergone ovariectomy. After five months of surgery, the animal presented signs of rut. The patient was examined. Then, vaginal cytology was held. Exploratory laparotomy was chosen. The cat was anesthetized and the surgery began, being the material obtained sent for histopathology. The cat had normal physiological parameters. The vaginal cytology showed a pattern consistent with estrus. Laparotomy presented ovarian residue in the left pedicle. Histopathology detected the presence of cysts and follicles in different stages of development, confirming the diagnosis of remaining ovary syndrome. Though rarely reported in the feline species, this reproductive pathology diagnosis and treatment is relatively simple. Keywords: Castration, ovarian tissue, recurrent estrus, Felis catus.
A síndrome do ovário remanescente é caracterizada pela remoção incompleta do ovário durante a castração, onde o tecido residual torna-se funcional. Apesar de já ter sido descrita em gatas, a ocorrência é menor nesses animais quando comparada aos humanos. O presente trabalho objetivou relatar, em felino, um caso de síndrome do ovário remanescente. Uma gata, com um ano e sete meses, havia sido submetida à ovariectomia. Após cinco meses do procedimento cirúrgico, ocorreram sinais de cio. A paciente foi examinada. Em seguida realizou-se citologia vaginal. Optou-se por uma laparotomia exploratória. A gata foi anestesiada e iniciou-se a cirurgia, cujo material obtido foi encaminhado para histopatologia. A gata encontrava-se com os parâmetros fisiológicos normais. A citologia vaginal constatou padrão compatível com estro. Na laparotomia, havia resíduo de ovário no pedículo esquerdo. A histopatologia detectou a presença de cistos e folículos ovarianos em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento, confirmando o diagnóstico de síndrome do ovário remanescente. Embora pouco relatada na espécie felina, essa patologia reprodutiva possui diagnóstico e tratamento relativamente simples. Palavras-chave: Castração, tecido ovariano, estro recorrente, Felis catus.